第13章01：第11届语言桥杯翻译大赛复赛(原文与赛会提供的参考译文)
第11届“语言桥”杯全国翻译大赛复赛
原文与赛会提供的参考译文
（2013年05—09月）
（注意：要求同学们以修订的方式批评与鉴赏译文，并将修订稿打印以备课堂上用。）
1. Translate this paragraph, making it like literature – in the same style as the source text
She would时态come to class in the mornings, her pale eyes glittering, too bright, and laughingly confess she had not had the time to correct their books or prepare the new lesson: should they read some poetry instead? Tara was charmed. The girls said she had a …boyfriend?. What had the principal caught her at? Had she tried to elope? With the blonde Buddhist monk? The gossip grew wilder.
早晨，塔拉迈进班级，她那浅蓝色的眼睛总是神采奕奕，兴奋极了。她笑着坦白说没来得及校正他们的书本，也没有时间备新课：要不让他们读点儿诗？塔拉着魔了。女生们说她找了个“男友”。校长看到了什么呢？她要私奔？跟那个金发的和尚一起？传言越来越甚。
2. Translate this into Chinese, trying every effort to save the original style
Maria looks up at the sky. Clear. Clear as a bell. But the chickens penned up in wire cages are making an awful racket. She gotta get them out of there soon or they?ll start eating each other alive. She doesn?t know why folks believe chickens are cowardly. She?s seen two of ?em stand toe to toe and peck each other to death.
玛丽亚仰头望去，天空清澈、通透。（只听见）关在铁丝笼里的鸡正发出凄厉的声响，她得赶紧把它们分走，要不然他们就得生食了彼此。玛丽亚不明白为什么人们都说鸡胆小，她就曾看过两鸡相对，直到一方将另一方啄死。
3. Translate this short passage, making it accurate in the author’s points of view and representing it in the same serious academic style
In tr ying to discover the answers to questions of such forms as …What are the conditions under which we use such-and-such an expression or class of expressions?? or …Why do we say such-and-such a thing and not such-and-such another??, we may find ourselves able to frame classifications or disclose differences broad and deep enough to satisfy the strongest appetite for generality. What we shall not find in our results is that character of elegance and system which belongs to the constructions of formal logic. It is nonetheless true that the logic of ordinary speech provides a field of intellectual study unsurpassed in richness, complexity, and the power to absorb.
在探究如何回答一些问题时，诸如“我们在什么条件下使用某个表述式或者某类表述式？”或者“为什么我们如此这般而不是如此那般地说话？”，我们会发现自己善于归类，或者说善于揭示事物间广泛的、深刻的差异以满足概括性之渴望。在结论中我们可能找不到只有形式逻辑的高论中才找得到的简雅的系统性。然而，我们确信一点，就内容丰富性，形式复杂性以及认知的概括力而言，普通言语逻辑创建了一个难以超越的智力研究领域。
4. Translate this into English, striving for style equivalence
中国的电影观众眼光一如既往地挑剔，他们并未因国产片的进步降低评判的标准。他们依然“爱之弥深，责之更切”。对此，中国电影人或许会感到些许不平，因为没有哪一种艺术形式，如电影这样遭受如此多的关注和批评。但可以肯定，这些关注和批评，有时虽不免偏激，其背后隐约显现的，是对中国电影的深爱。这就是中国电影崛起的基础，是更上层楼的动力。以此相期，崛起之象虽然让人兴奋，但冷静下来，人们更加期待的，是看到真正令人骄傲的中国电影，看到中国电影的真正崛起。
Chinese movie-goers remain as picky as before and they never lower their standards for domestic films, though they have made some progress. They keep “a sharp tongue, which comes out of a deep love”. Chinese filmmakers may feel it is unfair, because no other art form has been treated with so much concern and criticism as the films. However, one thing is for sure, sometimes concern and criticism can be biased, yet what seems to lie behind them is a deep passion for domestic films, which lays a foundation for their rise and offers a driving force for their further steps. Despite the exciting outlook, what a cold-minded movie-goer is more eager to see is the very Chinese films in which he can take pride, and their genuine rise as well.
英语原文及其翻译
Exploring Filipino School Counselors’ Beliefs about Learning Allan B. I. Bernardo [Abstract] School reform efforts that focus on student learning require school counselors to take on important new roles as advocates of student learning and achievement.But how do school counselors understand the process of learning? In this study, we explore the learning beliefs of 115 Filipino school counselors who indicated their degree of agreementwith 42 statements about the process of learning and the factors thatinfluence this process.A principal components analysis of the responses to the 42 statements suggested three factors:(F1)social-cognitive constructivist beliefs, (F2) teacher-curriculum-centered behaviorist beliefs,and (F3) individual difference factors.The preliminary results are briefly discussed in terms of issues related to how Filipino school counselors’ conceptions of learning may guide their strategies for promoting student learning and achievement. [Key words]beliefs about learning, conceptions of learning, school counselors, student learning, Philippines School reform efforts in different parts of the world have focusedon students’learning. In particular,most school improvement programsnow aim to ensure that students acquire the high-level knowledge and skills that help them to thrive in today’s highly competitive globaleconomy (e.g., Lee & Williams, 2006). I n this regard, school reform programs draw from various contemporary theories and research on learning (e.g.,Bransford,Brown, & Cocking, 1999; Lambert & McCombs, 1998).The basic idea is that all school improvement efforts should be directed at ensuring students achieve high levels of learning or attainment of well-defined curricular objectives and standards.For example, textbooks (Chien & Young, 2007), computers and educational technology (Gravoso, 2002; Haertnel & Means, 2003;Technology in Schools Task Force, 2003), and educational assessment systems (Black & Wiliam2004; Cheung & Ng, 2007; Clark, 2001; Stiggins, 2005) are being reconsidered as regards how they can effectively provide scaffolds and resources for advancing student learning. Likewise,the allocation and management of a school’s financial resources are assessed in terms ofwhether these are effectively mobilized and utilized towards improving student learning (Bolam, 2006; Chung & Hung, 2006; Retna, 2007). In this regard, some advocates have also called for an examination of the role of school counselors in these reform efforts (Herr, 2002). Inthe United States, House and Hayes (2002) challenged school counselors to take proactive leadership roles in advocating for the success of all
基于COCA语料库和CCL语料库的翻译教学探索
基于COCA语料库和CCL语料库的翻译教学探索 南京大学 常熟理工学院 朱晓敏 提 要:从上世纪80年代起,作为一种研究语言现象和语言本质的新模式,语料库语言学取得了令人鼓舞的成就。语料库已经渗透到语言研究的各个领域。翻译研究领域里使用的语料库多为双语平行语料库和翻译语料库。单语语料库与翻译研究相结合,尤其是与翻译教学相结合,是一个鲜有人探索的未知领域。在课堂上使用可以免费获取的美国杨百翰大学的英语单语语料库(CO CA语料库)和北京大学汉语语言学研究中心的汉语单语语料库(CCL语料库)能改变传统翻译教学模式,为翻译教学的改革提供借鉴。 关键词:语料库,COCA,CCL,翻译教学 一、引言 作为一个新的研究领域,一种全新的探究语言现象和语言本质的方法,语料库语言学在上世纪80年代得到了蓬勃的发展。韩礼德(1993:24)曾指出: 语料库语言学将数据收集与理论论述有机地结合在一起,使我们对语言的理解发生了质的变化(转引自王克非,2004:4)。 根据收集语料的语言种类,语料库可分为单语语料库(monolingual corpus)和双语/多语语料库(bilingual/multilingual corpora)。前者仅采用一种语言的语料,通过大量收集本族语者的语言实例而建成;而后者是由两种或两种以上的语言文本构成的语料库,它可以有对应/平行的、类比的和翻译的三种形式。 单语语料库的研发历史要追溯到上世纪50年代末,由夸克等人在伦敦大学率先建立起现代意义上的语料库,即 英语用法调查(Survey of English Usage)。到目前为止,比较大型的英语单语语料库有BNC英国国家语料库,CBECobuild 英语库,Brow n布朗语料库,美国杨百翰大学M ark Davis教授主持的美国当代英语语料库(Corpus of Contemporary American English,简称COCA语料库),汉语的有北京大学汉语语言学研究中心的CCL汉语语料库等。国际上双语/多语语料库在近十几年得到了长足的发展,比较早的双语语料库有20世纪90年代早期建立的英语-挪威语双语平行语料库和英语-意大利语双语平行语料库,以及后来建立的英语和德语,英语和法语等双语语料库。国内目前规模最大的汉英双语语料库是北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心近年建成的达3000万字词的通用汉英语料库。国际上多语语料库有T he ECI M ultilingual Corpus多语种语料库(The ECI M ultilingual Corpus,简称IECI/M CI),近1亿字,包含了欧洲主要的语言及土耳其语、日语,俄语、汉语和马来语。而国内目前多语语料库的研究开发还是空白。 二、传统翻译教学面临的挑战与改革的出路 我国传统的翻译教学模式,即 理论讲解!举例验证!结论巩固,曾经为我国培养了一批优秀的翻译人才,他们中的很多人仍然是现在翻译行业的主力军。他们拥有扎实的中、英文功底和孜孜不倦的翻译探索精神。进入21世纪以来,信息技术迅猛发展,知识更新速度加快,传统的翻译教学难以适应新的挑战。从学生对课堂教学的反馈和专业八级考试中翻译部分的得分来看,传统翻译教学存在以下三个方面的问题:首先,翻译教学观念比较陈旧,课堂教学以教师讲述为主,学生听记为辅。学生只记得了抽象的翻译技巧,其实际的翻译能力并没有得到发展。其次,讲授的内容受教材限制,例句少且多为人造语境,学生感觉枯燥,难以提高学生的翻译能力。最后,课堂信息输入量小。 粉笔+黑板+教材+课后翻译练习的单一的教学方法导致课堂容量小,节奏缓慢。要改变以上现状,就要 实现翻译课程结构的科学化,扩大课堂教学的信息输入量,让学生在教师提 本文是南京大学2009年博士研究生科研创新基金课题 基于网络的英汉/汉英平行语料对自动获取(项目编号2010CW02)的前期研究成果。感谢匿名评审人员的宝贵意见。文责自负。
高级英语课文翻译
青年人的四种选择 Lesson 2: Four Choices for Young People 在毕业前不久，斯坦福大学四年级主席吉姆?宾司给我写了一封信，信中谈及他的一些不安。 Shortly before his graduation, Jim Binns, president of the senior class at Stanford University, wrote me about some of his misgivings. 他写道：“与其他任何一代人相比，我们这一代人在看待成人世界时抱有更大的疑虑 ,, 同时越 来越倾向于全盘否定成人世界。” “More than any other generation, ” he said, “ our generation views the adult world with great skepticism, there is also an increased tendency to reject completely that world. ”很 明显，他的话代表了许多同龄人的看法。 Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries. 在过去的几年里，我倾听过许多年轻人的谈话，他们有的还在大学读书，有的已经毕业，他 们对于成人的世界同样感到不安。 During the last few years, I have listened to scores of young people, in college and out, who were just as nervous about the grown world. 大致来说，他们的态度可归纳如下：“这个世界乱糟糟的，到处充满了不平等、贫困和战争。 对此该负责的大概应是那些管理这个世界的成年人吧。如果他们不能做得比这些更好，他们又能拿 什么来教育我们呢？这样的教导，我们根本不需要。” Roughly, their attitude might be summed up about like this:“ The world is in pretty much of a mess, full of injustice, poverty, and war. The people responsible are, presumably, the adults who have been running thing. If they can’ t do better than that, what have they got to teach our generation? That kind of lesson we can do without. ” 我觉得这些结论合情合理，至少从他们的角度来看是这样的。 There conclusions strike me as reasonable, at least from their point of view. 对成长中的一代人来说，相关的问题不是我们的社会是否完美（我们可以想当然地认为是这 样），而是应该如何去应付它。 The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect (we can take that for granted), but how to deal with it. 尽管这个社会严酷而不合情理，但它毕竟是我们惟一拥有的世界。 For all its harshness and irrationality, it is the only world we’ ve got. 因此，选择一个办法去应付这个社会是刚刚步入成年的年轻人必须作出的第一个决定，这通 常是他们一生中最重要的决定。 Choosing a strategy to cope with it, then, is the first decision young adults have to make, and usually the most important decision of their lifetime. 根据我的发现，他们的基本选择只有四种： So far as I have been able to discover, there are only four basic alternatives: 1）脱离传统社会
英语原文及翻译
高速视频处理系统中的信号完整性分析 摘要：结合高速DSP图像处理系统讨论了高速数字电路中的信号完整性问题，分析了系统中信号反射、串扰、地弹等现象破坏信号完整性的原因，通过先进IS工具的辅助设计，找出了确保系统信号完整性的具体方法。 关键词：高速电路设计信号完整性 DSP系统 深亚微米工艺在IC设计中的使用使得芯片的集成规模更大、体积越来越小、引脚数越来越多；由于近年来IC工艺的发展，使得其速度越来越高。从而，使得信号完整性问题引起电子设计者广泛关注。 在视频处理系统中，多维并行输入输出信号的频率一般都在百兆赫兹以上，而且对时序的要求也非常严格。本文以DSP图像处理系统为背景，对信号完整性进行准确的理论分析，对信号完整性涉及的典型问题[1]——不确定状态、传输线效应、反射、串扰、地弹等进行深入研究，并且从实际系统入手，利用IS仿真软件寻找有效的途径，解决系统的信号完整性问题。 1 系统简介 为了提高算法效率，实时处理图像信息，本图像处理系统是基于DSP+FPGA结构设计的。系统由SAA7111A视频解码器、TI公司的TMS320C6701 DSP、Altera公司的EPlK50QC208 FPGA、PCI9054 PCI接口控制器以及SBRAM、SDRAM、FIFO、FLASH等构成。FPGA是整个系统的时序控制中心和数据交换的桥梁，而且能够对图像数据实现快速底层处理。DSP是整个系统实时处理高级算法的核心器件。系统结构框图如图1所示。 在整个系统中，PCB电路板的面积仅为15cm×l5cm，系统时钟频率高达167MHz，时钟沿时间为0．6ns。由于系统具有快斜率瞬变和极高的工作频率以及很大的电路密度，使得如何处理高速信号问题成为一个制约设计成功的关键因素。 2 系统中信号完整性问题及解决方案 2．1 信号完整性问题产生机理 信号的完整性是指信号通过物理电路传输后，信号接收端看到的波形与信号发送端发送的波形在容许的误差范围内保持一致，并且空间邻近的传输信号间的相互影响也在容许的范围之内。因此，信号完整性分析的主要目标是保证高速数字信号可靠的传输。实际信号总是存在电压的波动，如图2所示。在A、B两点由于过冲和振铃[2]的存在使信号振幅落入阴影部分的不确定区，可能会导致错误的逻辑电平发生。总线信号传输的情况更加复杂，任何一个信号发生相位上的超前或滞后都可能使总线上数据出错，如图3所示。图中，CLK为时钟信号，D0、D1、D2、D3是数据总线上的信号，系统允许信号最大的建立时间[1]为△t。在正常情况下，D0、D1、D2、D3信号建立时间△t1<△t，在△t时刻之后数据总线的数据已稳定，系统可以从总线上采样到正确的数据，如图3(a)所示。相反，当信号D1、D2、D3受过冲和振铃等信号完整问题干扰时，总线信号就发生
高级英语lesson2原文及其翻译
“Hiroshima! Everybody off!” That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster's uniform shouted, as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station. I did not understand what he was saying. First of all, because he was shouting in Japanese. And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air of Hiroshima, was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I'd previously taken. Was I not at the scene of the crime? The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had. From the sidewalk outside the station, things seemed much the same as in other Japanese cities. Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and women in western dress. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them, and bobbed up and down re-heatedly in little bows, as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect: "Tomo aligato gozayimas." Others were using little red telephones that hung on the facades of grocery stores and tobacco shops. "Hi! Hi!" said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. "Hi", or something that sounds very much like it, means "yes". "Can you take me to City Hall?" He grinned at me in the rear-view mirror and repeated "Hi!" "Hi! ’ We set off at top speed throug h the narrow streets of Hiroshima. The tall buildings of the martyred city flashed by as we lurched from side to side in response to the driver's sharp twists of the wheel. Just as I was beginning to find the ride long, the taxi screeched to a halt, and the driver got out and went over to a policeman to ask the way. As in Tokyo, taxi drivers in Hiroshima often know little of their city, but to avoid loss of face before foreigners, will not admit their ignorance, and will accept any destination without concern for how long it may take them to find it. At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall. The usher bowed deeply and heaved a long, almost musical sigh, when I showed him the invitation which the mayor had sent me in response to my request for an interview. "That is not here, sir," he said in English. "The mayor expects you tonight for dinner with other foreigners or, the restaurant boat. See? This is where it is.” He sketched a little map for me on the back of my invitation. Thanks to his map, I was able to find a taxi driver who could take me straight to the canal
英文翻译(原文)
GRA VITY RETAINING?WALL 1. INTRODUCTION Retaining walls are structures used to provide stability for earth or other material where conditions disallow the mass to assume its natural slope, and are commonly used to hold back or support soilbanks,coal or ore piles, and water. Retaining walls are classified, based on the method of achieving stability, into six principal types (Fig.1). The gravity-wall depends upon its weight, as the name implies, for stability. The cantilever wall is a reinforced-concrete wall that utilizes cantilever action to retain the mass behind the wall from assuming a natural slope. Stability of this wall is partially achieved from the weight of soil on the heel portion of the base slab. A counterfort retaining wall is similar to a cantilever retaining wall, except that it is used where the cantilever is long or for very high pressures behind wall and has counterforts, which tie the wall and base together, built at intervals along the wall to reduce the bending moments and sheers. As indicated in Fig.1c, the counterfort is behind the wall and subjected to tensile forces. A buttressed retaining wall is similar to a counterfort wall, except that the bracing is in front of the wall and is in compression instead of tension. Two other types of walls not considered further are crib walls, which are built-up members of pieces of precast concrete, metal, or timber and are supported by anchor pieces embedded in the soil for stability, and semigravity walls, which are walls intermediate between a true gravity and a cantilever wall. (a)(b)(e)
高级英语lesson2原文及翻译
―Hiroshima! Everybody off!‖ That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster's uniform shouted, as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station. I did not understand what he was saying. First of all, because he was shouting in Japanese. And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air of Hiroshima, was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I'd previously taken. Was I not at the scene of the crime? The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had. From the sidewalk outside the station, things seemed much the same as in other Japanese cities. Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and women in western dress. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them, and bobbed up and down re-heatedly in little bows, as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect: "Tomo aligato gozayimas." Others were using little red telephones that hung on the facades of grocery stores and tobacco shops. "Hi! Hi!" said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. "Hi", or something that sounds very much like it, means "yes". "Can you take me to City Hall?" He grinned at me in the rear-view mirror and repeated "Hi!" "Hi! ’ We se t off at top speed through the narrow streets of Hiroshima. The tall buildings of the martyred city flashed by as we lurched from side to side in response to the driver's sharp twists of the wheel. Just as I was beginning to find the ride long, the taxi screeched to a halt, and the driver got out and went over to a policeman to ask the way. As in Tokyo, taxi drivers in Hiroshima often know little of their city, but to avoid loss of face before foreigners, will not admit their ignorance, and will accept any destination without concern for how long it may take them to find it. At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall. The usher bowed deeply and heaved a long, almost musical sigh, when I showed him the invitation which the mayor had sent me in response to my request for an interview. "That is not here, sir," he said in English. "The mayor expects you tonight for dinner with other foreigners or, the restaurant boat. See? This is where it is.‖ He sketched a little map for me on the back of my invitation. Thanks to his map, I was able to find a taxi driver who could take me straight to the canal
英语翻译专业必翻经典文章英文原文参考译文
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中文翻译小子： 我只想好好地睡觉，你不明白吗？！所以，我做了这个简表。当你不知道怎么办时，特 别是在晚上的时候，你可以看看它。 具体情况行动指南 1，我正在睡觉禁止进入 2，你不确定我是否睡觉，你想搞清楚管你“鸟”事；禁止进入 3，你嗑了药，想奔向我的床你他妈的滚远点 4，你在youtube上看了一个超赞的视频，禁止进入；在脸书上把链接发给我想让我看看 5，就算第三次世界大战开始了管我屁事，他妈的别进来 6，你和你的基友们想和我“玩玩”抱歉，直男一枚。不要碰我的任何东西，门都别碰 7，你想整理我的房间我谢谢你了！我自己会打扫 8，普京宣布同性婚姻合法化终于等到“它”！还好你没放弃！还是不要来我房里！ 9，我不在家进我房间，想都别想 10，白天，我在家。你敲了门，我说“请进” 你可以进来了 福利放送！！
如果你已经看到了这里，那么说明你应该是英文爱好者哦。 下面有一些非常实用，我精心整理的英文资料，你一定用得到！快去看看吧！ 一，最常用英语翻译政治文体句型总结大全完美版 二，英文合同翻译最常用句型总结专业版 三，英语毕业论文提纲模板优秀完整详细无敌版
胡壮麟语言学术语英汉对照翻译表_(1)
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英文翻译原文
南京师范大学泰州学院 英文翻译原文 年级： 2011级学号：12110330 姓名：申佳佳 系部：信息工程学院 专业：通信工程 题目：基于C51的数字测速仪设计与仿真 指导教师：焦蓬蓬 2015 年 4 月 5 日
Linux - Operating system of cybertimes Though for a lot of people , regard Linux as the main operating system to make u p huge work station group, finish special effects of " Titanic " make , already can be re garded as and show talent fully. But for Linux, this only numerous news one of. Rece ntly, the manufacturers concerned have announced that support the news of Linux to i ncrease day by day, users' enthusiasm to Linux runs high unprecedentedly too. Then, Linux only have operating system not free more than on earth on 7 year this piece wh at glamour, get the favors of such numerous important software and hardware manufa cturers as the masses of users and Orac le , Informix , HP , Sybase , Corel , Intel , Net scape , Dell ,etc. , OK? 1.The background of Linux and characteristic Linux is a kind of " free (Free ) software ": What is called free, mean users can o btain the procedure and source code freely , and can use them freely , including revise or copy etc.. It is a result of cybertimes, numerous technical staff finish its research a nd development together through Inte rnet, countless user is it test and except fault , c an add user expansion function that oneself make conveniently to participate in. As th e most outstanding one in free software, Linux has characteristic o f the following: (1)Totally follow POSLX standard, expand the network operating system of sup porting all AT&T and BSD Unix characteristic. Because of inheritting Unix outstandi ng design philosophy , and there are clean , stalwart , high-efficient and steady kernels , their all key codes are finished by Li nus Torvalds and other outstanding programmer s, without any Unix code of AT&T or Berkeley, so Linu x is not Unix, but Linux and Unix are totally compatible. (2)Real many tasks, multi-user's system, the built-in n etwork supports, can be with such seamless links as NetWare , Windows NT , OS/2 , Unix ,etc.. Network in various kinds of Unix it tests to be fastest in comparing and ass ess efficiency. Support such many kinds of files systems as FAT16 , FAT32 , NTFS , E x t2FS , ISO9600 ,etc. at the same time .