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Outline of English Literature3

Outline of English Literature3
Outline of English Literature3

PartⅦThe Romantic Period

I. Historical Background

?The French Revolution

?The Industrial Revolution

II. Introduction to Romanticism

?Romanticism as a literary movement came into being in England early in the latter half of the 18th century.

?English Romanti cism began in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s The Lyrical Ballads and ended in 1832 with Walter Scott’s death.

?English Romanticism is a revolt of the English imagination against the enlightenment reason.

Features of the Romantic Movement

?Dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society.

?Their writings filled with strong-willed heroes, formidable events, tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions and exotic pictures.

?Pay attention to spiritual and emotional life of man.

?Interest in the past, the unusual, the unfamiliar, the bizarre

?Strong desire to escape from the reality

?Concerned much about the influence of nature

?Their writings free from any rules, they fight against order, harmony, balance, reason.

They ask for the freedom of expression.

? A feeling of loneliness and a note of melancholy.

?The glorification of the commonplace

?Characterized by 5 “I”s: Imagination, Intuition, Idealism, Inspiration, Individuality.

III. Literature

Poetry the Age of Poetry

Schools of Romantic Poets:

A. Pre-romantic poets

Robert Burns: Scottish dialect, ballads

William Blake: mysterious, philosophical, visionary

Songs of Innocence

Songs of Experience

Marriage of Heaven and Hell

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4e8319460.html,ke Poets

(Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey) radical youth; conservative old age; long life

William Wordsworth: Lyrical Ballads

Samuel Taylor Coleridge:

The Rime of Ancient Mariner老水手之行

Kubla Khan忽必烈汗

C. Some Romantic poets held out an ideal of future society free from oppression and exploitation.

Byron, Shelley and Keats

Prose

?essay writer: Charles Lamb

?novelists: Jane Austen

Walter Scott (Ivanhoe 艾凡赫,Waverley, 威弗利)

William Wordsworth (1770--1850)

Life Experience

?Born in 1770 in the Lake District

?His mother died when he was 8 and he was sent to school at Hawkshead

?His father died when he was13 and left his a considerable sum of money so that he was able to attend Cambridge University in 1787

?Went to France and became a fervent supporter of the French Revolution

?Was introduced to Coleridge in 1797

?Retired to the northern Lake District and died in 1850

Major Works

?Lyrical Ballads

?Characteristics: a sympathy with the poor and simple peasants, a passionate love of nature, the simplicity and purity of the language

Classification of his poems

?Poems about nature (a “worshipper of nature”)

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,

To a Skylark, To the Cuckoo

?Poems about human life

“Lucy Poems”露西组诗

Wordsworth’s Poetic Th eory

?The definition of poetry: Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings诗是强烈情感的自然流露,which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility诗源于情感,但在平静中回忆.

?The function of poetry: Poetry is to give an unexpected splendor to familiar and commonplace things, to incidents and situations from common life.

Themes of his poetry

?Beauty of nature

?Rural life

?Harmony between human and nature

Writing Features

?Deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the truth of experience

?The scenes and events of everyday life

?The speech of ordinary people

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud

Metrical pattern:

a short lyric of 4 sestets (a quatrain-couplet), rhyming ABABCC

Structure:

1st stanza occasion

2-3rd stanza happy sensation at the sight of the dancing flowers

4th stanza happy sensation experienced again at the memory of the scene Significance:

?The poem is a masterpiece on nature

?This poem typically depicts the serene beauty of nature and shows the poet’s respect for nature as well.

George Gordon Byron

Major works

?Hours of Idleness

?Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage

?Manfred

?Cain

?Don Juan

She Walks in Beauty

?Background: Byron wrote the lines the morning after he had met his beautiful young cousin, Mrs. Robert John Wilmot, who wore a black mourning gown brightened with spangles.

?What is the rhyme scheme? ababab / cdcdcd / efefef

?What is the imagery in the poem? A beautiful, gentle young lady in the mourning gown.

?What is the subject matter of the poem? Female beauty.

?What is the theme of the poem? It eulogizes not only the external but also the inner female beauty.

Rhetorical Devices

?Simile

?Oxymoron

Percy Bysshe Shelley

Major Works

?The Necessity of Atheism

?Queen Mab

?The Revolt of Islam

?Prometheus Unbound

?The Cenci 钦契

?Adonais 阿多尼

? A Defense of Poetry 诗辩

?Ode to the West Wind

? A Song: Men of England

Writing Features

? A difficult poet

?Classical and mythological allusions

?Personification and metaphor

Ode to the West Wind

Theme:

The poet describes the activities of the west wind on the earth, in the sky and on the sea and then expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind and his wish to be free like it and to scatter his words among mankind.

What is the rhyme scheme of the poem? aba bcb cdc ded ee

What is the main idea of each part?

?1st Stanza: the double functions of the west wind

?2nd: what the west wind is doing in the sky

?3rd: what the west wind is doing over the ocean

?4th: the expression of the poet’s strong wish to be lifted by the west wind

?5th: the show of the poet’s confidence in future and mankind

The first stanza

3 parts:

?Part one: (Line 1-5) the west wind drives the dead leaves away.

?Part two: (Line 6-12) the west wind carries the seeds to the ground.

?Part three: (Line 13-14) the west wind is a destroyer and preserver.

Two functions of the West Wind

?It is a forceful destroyer and a responsible preserver, which destroys all the old and dying things and preserves all the newly-born things, things of liberty, equality and fraternity. Summary

?The poem basically describes the mighty power of the west wind. As it moves, it moves leaves, it moves clouds and it moves water. And, the poet hopes, it will also move his words to go and then be kindled in the minds of the readers to spark revolution and new thought.

Symbolism

?Shelley uses the West Wind to symbolize the power of nature and of the imagination inspired by nature.

?The west wind, which on earth, sky, and sea destroys the dying things in the autumn in order to revive life in the spring, is a perfect symbol of a moving and cleansing power, which in the natural world was so keenly missing in the human.

A Song: Men of England

?Theme: The poem is not only a war cry calling upon all working people of England to rise up against their political oppression, but also an address to point out to them the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation.

John Keats

Major Works

?Endymion 安底弥翁

?Isabella 伊莎贝拉

?To Psyche

?Ode to a Nightingale

?Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂

Writing Features

?Beautiful imagination

?Sensual description

?Perfection of forms

?Leading Principle: “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”

Ode on a Grecian Urn

Content: The poet gives his comments on a Greek vase. On the surface of the vase there is an ornamental band of sculpture with figures of trees, pipes, and lovers on it.

Though there are quiet forms, they possess and convey the beauty, the significance and the eternity of art, which appealed to Keats. So at the end of the poem, the poet emphasizes the relationship between beauty and truth: “Beauty is truth, and truth beauty”, thus declaring his worship of beauty, esp. in the field of art.

Theme: It shows the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human passion.

Metrical pattern: The poem is written in uniform stanzas, each consisting of ten lines of iambic pentameter. The rhyme scheme is ABAB CDE DCE (CED/CDE/CDE/DCE), with variations in the latter part of the sestet.

Structure:

1. general questions about the urn

2. one side of the urn: piper and lovers

3. lamentation: envy of the happiness of the piper and the lovers

4. the other side of the urn: people going to a sacrifice ritual

5. Conclusion: Beauty is truth, truth beauty; human life is short while art lasts

Jane Austen (1775-1817)

Works

6 novels:

?Northanger Abbey《诺桑觉寺》

?Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》

?Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》

?Mansfield Park《曼斯菲尔德庄园》

?Emma《艾玛》

?Persuasion《劝导》

Characteristics of Her Works

?Jane Austen is one of the realistic novelists.

?She drew vivid and realistic pictures of everyday life of the country society in her novels.

?Her main concern: human beings in their personal relations

?Particularly preoccupied with the relationship between man and women

Main Plot of the novel:

?The story centers around the Bennet family---Mr. & Mrs.Bennets and their five grown-up daughters. Mrs. Bennet’s chief interest in life is to have her five daughters married to rich men, since under the law of the time, if Mr. Bennt dies one day, the family estate will pass on to his nearest male relation, a clergyman called Mr. Collins. At the beginning of the novel, Mr. Bingley, a rich bachelor, moves to live near the house of the Bennets, and bring there his friend Mr. Darcy. Bingley falls in love with Jane, the eldest daughter ,but was separated by Bingley’s sisters as well as the disapproval of Darcy. Darcy belittles Elizabeth and hurts her dignity by refusing to dance with her. Later, however, he falls in love with Elizabeth for her wisdom, yet when he proposes marriage to her, he finds that she is prejudiced against him. Her dislike for him is increased by false information about him as well as by her misunderstanding. After many amusing incidents everything is

cleared up, thus Darcy overcomes his pride and Elizabeth her prejudice and they are happily united. At the same time, Darcy brings back Bingley to Jane and they are also engaged. Thus the novel comes to its happy ending.

What does the title of the novel mean?

?Darcy’s pride and Elizabeth’s prejudice

The Theme

?The first theme is pride and prejudice.

?Another theme is love and marriage. (A happy and strong marriage takes time to build and must be based on mutual feeling, understanding and respect.)

Understanding Chapter I and Chapter II:

?Chapter I: The news spreads that a wealthy young gentleman named Charles Mr. Bingley has rented the manor Netherfield Park. This causes a great stir in the Bennet family. The Bennets have unmarried daughters, and Mrs. Bennet, a foolish and fussy gossip, sees Bingley’s arrival as an opportunity for one of her girls to obtain a wealthy spouse and therefore she urges her husband to call on Mr. Bingley immediately.

?Chapter II: Mr. Bennet torments his family by pretending to have no interest in calling on Mr. Bingley, but he actually visits Mr.Bingley without the knowing of his family. When he reveals to his family that he has made their new neighbor’s acquaintance, they are overjoyed and excited.

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在进行国别文学研究选题时,一般选取英国文学或美国 文学中的某一经典作家(如海明威),某一经典作品(如《双城记》),某一写作手法(如象征手法的运用)或某一文学思潮(如浪漫主义运动)作深入研究。但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典的作家或作品。有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名,容易引起学生的兴趣,如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》,学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象。在不可避免上述情况时,应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在的深刻含义,不能流于肤浅的分析。 文学批评理论的选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生,因 为该理论知识的学习在英语专业研究生阶段,本科生一般不具备文学批评理论的知识结构。这个方向的选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语的阐释或某两种或以上的文学批 评理论的比较。 比较文学研究就是将两个以上的作家或作品进行比较。 这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别的(如“雪莱与拜伦的诗歌比较”),也可以是不同国别的(如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》) 2.语言学:选择语言学的毕业论文选题可以在两个大的方向 进行:普通语言学和应用语言学。

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outline:leap over the great fire wall nicky specific purpose: to make a simple explanation of the leap over the great fire wall and indicate the great fire wall affecting students study and peoples daily life in some extent, then demonstrate some personal solutions for the problems which caused by the great fire wall. central idea: the great fire wall has both sides effects on our life so that we should focus on the bad effects and figure out how to solve these problems. introduction ⅰ. what does leap over the great fire wall exactly mean by now in china? 1.explanation:we still cannot find any accurate definition on it; however, we could give a simple explanation: we think chinese government considers that the internet should be blocked in some ways because it will multiply eroticism and violence without supervision; therefore, netizens named this phenomenon of searching the limited websites as leap over the great fire wall, in chinese, fanqiang. body ⅰ.according to this phenomenon, people generated a heating debate. 1. the pros: a).the great fire wall can help us stop spreading the negative information b).provides a healthy and green network environment. 2. the cons: a).it is on the pretext of spreading the negative information but for some politic profits: avoid spreading the information which is against the party. b).it is a good way for us to know how foreign friends look at our china ⅱ.the great fire wall creates some bad impact on the university students 1.it is easy for students to lose their sense of right and wrong. 2.it obstructed students critical thinking and the objective worldview. 4.it also obstructs the academic sources that students can be obtained, especially the external information. ⅲ.we have figured out some solutions based on the analysis and discussion. 1.the government should publish a law that blocking the bad information,while allowing the academic information for students; 2.we should appeal more and more netizens using their real names on the internet for protecting the teenagers affected by the bad information, while, it also can provide more privacy for the adults to search the internet freely at the same time; 5.the designer of the great fire wall should be more confident about our netizen because we can distinguish most of the fake vedio which is bad for our country. conclusion i. in a conclusion, we could have a deep understanding on the great fire wall from this problem-solving public speech. ii. moreover, we also found some bad influences of the great fire wall. iii. nevertheless, we have figured out some personal solutions for it by intense discussions.

MYDREAM演讲稿3分钟

my dream good afternoon,ladies and gentlemen.different people have different dreams.whats your dream?could you tell me your dream?of course,now its my tend to share my dream with you. my dream is to do myself well.maybe you will say its so easy that you can do it right away.really? when i was young,i lived by a river.at first,the river was very clean.after several years,the river was covered with lots of rabbish.in my eyes,i felt very sad,removing the gabbage from the river.as we all know,we cant do anything without water,and we will die,then the world will end.why does it occur?thats only because we cant do ourselves well and throw the gabbage everywhere.after that,i dicided to do myself well. however,when i entered senior high school,i lost myself and forgot my dream.as a student,i was supported to study hard,but i indulged myself in surfing the internet.i hadnt even mentioned my dream before my mom asked me with anger whether i would stick to my dream.i felt very guilty ,and still remembered the look of my mom.i must insist on my dream,never give up.im sure i can do myself well. my dream dear teachers and students, good afternoon !today,im very glad to stand here to share my dream with you. everyone has a dream. some people want to be rich,some people want to be famous.different people have different dreams. i have a great dream,too. i love english very much.so i want to be a famous translator in the world.people all over the world can know me . i never thought of my dream when i was a kid. later,my dream always changed. at that time, i dont know what my dream is. i havent studied english at all when i was in primary school. so you can imagine how awful my english is. i think it is impossible for me to study english well. because i never read english words and english articles. i dont like english ,either. and i cant read the english well. but one day something changed , i have that’s all.thanks for listening !篇三:my_dream演讲稿 my dream dear students and teachers: good morning i want to teach others. i want to teach students more knowledge. so i want to be a teacher. being a teacher is my dream. i think it is simple but meaningful . thank you. my dream i dream of being a doctor. home late and tired. she has to go to the hospital immediately any time she is needed, no matter how late it is at night. when i was very little and still in primary school, i once asked her why she chose such a boring and hard job. she answered with a smile, “yes i am sometimes very tired but seeing my patients getting

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韶关学院 期末考核报告 科目:专业英语 学生姓名: 学号: 同组人: 院系: 专业班级: 考核时间:2012年10月9日—2012年11月1 日评阅教师: 评分:

第1章英文阅读材料翻译 (1) 第2章中文摘要翻译英文 (3) 第3章中文简历和英文简历 (4) 第4章课程学习体会和建议 (6) 参考文献 (7)

第1章英文阅读材料翻译 Mechanization and Automation Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century. The current developments of automatic processes are, however, different from the old ones. The “automation” of the 20th century is distinct from the mechanization of the 18th and 19th centuries inasmuch as mechanization was applied to individual operations, wherea s “automation” is concerned with the operation and control of a complete producing unit. And in many, though not all, instances the element of control is so great that whereas mechanization displaces muscle, “automation”displaces brain as well. The distinction between the mechanization of the past and what is happening now is, however, not a sharp one. At one extreme we have the electronic computer with its quite remarkable capacity for discrimination and control, while at the other end of the scale are “ transfer machines” , as they are now called, which may be as simple as a conveyor belt to another. An automatic mechanism is one which has a capacity for self-regulation; that is, it can regulate or control the system or process without the need for constant human attention or adjustment. Now people often talk about “feedback” as begin an essential factor of the new industrial techniques, upon which is base an automatic self-regulating system and by virtue of which any deviation in the system from desired condition can be detected, measured, reported and corrected. when “feedback” is applied to the process by which a large digital computer runs at the immense speed through a long series of sums, constantly rejecting the answers until it finds one to fit a complex set of facts which have been put to it, it is perhaps different in degree from what we have previously been accustomed to machines. But “feedback”, as such, is a familiar mechanical conception. The old-fashioned steam engine was fitted with a centrifugal governor, two balls on levers spinning round and round an upright shaft. If the steam pressure rose and the engine started to go too fast, the increased speed of the spinning governor caused it to rise up the vertical rod and shut down a valve. This cut off some of the steam and thus the engine brought itself back to its proper speed. The mechanization, which was introduced with the Industrial Revolution, because it was limited to individual processes, required the employment of human labor to control each machine as well as to load and unload materials and transfer them from one place to another. Only in a few instances were processes automatically linked together and was production organized as a continuous flow. In general, however, although modern industry has been highly mechanized ever since the 1920s, the mechanized parts have not as a rule been linked together. Electric-light bulbs, bottles and the components of innumerable mass-produced

实证研究型论文提纲写法Research Paper Outline

Research Paper Outline The research paper outline is essential for any article or term paper. The outline may make a great difference on how your work is interpreted. Writing a research paper is as important as performing the actual research or experiment itself and can appear to be a very daunting task. It does not matter what conclusions you arrived at or how perfect your experimentation was, if you put no effort into writing a good report then your study will not be taken seriously. If you break report writing down into its constituent parts, it is not as complex as it seems and there is no reason to be worried. Scientific reports, for the vast majority of disciplines, are all structured in the same way; if you follow this structure then you cannot go far wrong. It is useful to note that every scientific discipline, every university and even supervisors can have their own preferred methods of constructing reports; with this in mind, do not be afraid to ask for advice on the best research paper format for your report. LAYOUT AND LENGTH For most assessed reports you will be told how long it should be, generally by the number of words. This is generally only a guide and is not set in stone; in most cases this limit does not include appendices and citation pages. If you plan to write for a specific journal, a good advice is to check the research paper outline of some of the articles to get a better idea on how to write your article. Here are a few outline samples. If your report is complex and strays over this limit, there should be no problem, as long as you have not repeated yourself or filled your work with irrelevant information. It is good practice to bear in mind that the appendix is there for any information that you feel could be omitted from the report without affecting the clarity. Your report can be shorter than the advised word limit if everything that needs to be included is there. This is preferable than trying to pad out the report in order to fulfill some ‘word count’ facility on the computer, risking being penalized for irrelevance.

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