初二上学期学生用 祈使句

英语祈使句（Imperative Sentence）

一、概述：祈使句(imperative sentence)表命令、劝告、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召、禁止等，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。谓语动词用原形，表一般现在时。主语you通常省略。句末用叹号或句号。读降调。例：

Go and wash your hands. （去洗你的手。——命令）

Be quiet, please.（Please be quiet.）（请安静。——请求）

Be kind to our sister. （对姊妹要和善。——劝告）Watch your steps. （走路小心。——警告）Look out！Danger！（小心！危险！——强烈警告，已如感叹句）

Keep off the grass. （勿践草坪。——禁止）

Try some of this juice---perhaps you’ll take it. 尝点这种果汁，也许你会要。（建议）

Look out! There is a train coming.注意！火车来了！（提醒）

Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. 请穿结实的鞋子，因为我们要走许多的路。（叮嘱）

Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved.如果你能，来献血吧，这会挽救很多人的生命。（号召）

分析下列句子的功能：①No parking. ②Knock at the door before entering, please.

③Leave her where she is ! ④Put your coat at once. We must hurry.

二、表现形式

●肯定结构:

1. Do型【即：动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分】。如：Stand up.起立。Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。如：This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。

2. Be型【即：Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分】。如：Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! Be care ful！= Look out! = Take care! 小心/ 当心！Be quiet，please.请安静。

3. Let型【即：Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分】。分为两种情况：①let’s引导的祈使句：包括听话者本人即对方在内，表示建议。Let‘s say good-bye here. 我们在此道别吧。Let's go at once. 咱们马上动身吧。翻译：a. 我们回家吧！ B. 让我来帮你。 C. L et’s go to school together.

② Let me(us, him, her, it, them) 祈使句：表示请求对方允许自己或者第三方干某事，不包括对方（you）在内。Let me try again. 让我再试试。Let Tom go there himself. 让汤姆自己去那儿。

<注意>：1. 肯定祈使句的强调：肯定祈使句可用助动词do加强语气，常译为“务必、一定要”。

Do save me!天那！（救救我吧）Do study hard. 一定要努力学习。Do let her go!一定让她走！Do come in. 请进。

翻译：①务必请坐。② Do be careful when crossing the street.

③ Do give my regards to your parents. ④我们一定去爬山！

2. 在句首或句尾加上please，使语气更客气。若在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。Go this way, please. 请这边走。Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。

3. 祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开，放在句首或句尾。

Li Ming, come here. 李明，过来。Come here, Li Ming. 过来，李明。

●否定结构:

1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't或do not构成，有时也可用never。如：Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! Never be late again. 别再迟到了。

翻译：①Don't stand up. ②Don't be careless. ③别在河里游泳。

④请不要大声喧哗。⑤Don't make such a noise.

2. Let型的否定式有两种：“Don't + let + 宾语（第三人称或第一人称）+ 动词原形+ 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语（第一人称）+ not + 动词原形+ 其它成分”。如：Don't let this type of things happen again.

It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain.

翻译：① Don't let them play with fire. ②别让他再那么做了。

3. 表示禁止时，尤其是标语、指示、标牌、布告等，可用“No+名词／动名词”来表示。如：No parking! 禁止停车！No entry! 不准入内！No spitting! 不准随地吐痰！No thoroughfare! 禁止通行！

No + v-ing句型常用Let there be 代替。No parking here. = Let there be no parking here. 不准在此停车！

翻译：①禁止钓鱼! ② No eating or drinking. ③禁止吸烟!

<注意>：Let句型的用法：1. 表示“建议”。这个句型里的"let"后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语，如：(1) Let me try. (2) Let's do it. (3) Let me go and look for it.

这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a和(4)b:

(4) a. Don't disturb him. b. Let's not disturb him. (a)是直接命令，语气强烈，不如(b)温柔悦耳。

2. 表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词，如：

(5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing department. (6) Let her join our choir.

3. 表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外，有时还语带讽刺，如：(7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own.

(8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.

4. "Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词(The infinitive without"to")之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out, in, down, alone等：(9) Let the puppy out. (10) Let me alone, please.

(11) Open the windows and let the fresh air in. (12) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.

将下列汉语翻译成英语。 1. 请照看好您的包。______________. 2. 让我们去学校吧! ________________!

3. 李明，高兴点儿! ___________________!

4. 不要把书放这儿。___________________.

5. 不要让猫进来。___________________.

三、祈使句的简略答语形式：肯定或否定形式常用will或won’t。

-Write to me when you get home. 到家时给我打电话！- I will. 我会的。

-Don’t forget to close the window. 别忘了关窗。-No, I won’t. 不会忘。

四、无动词祈使句：有些用于口号、告示等的祈使句没有动词。直接由：名词短语；介词短语；名词＋代词／副词／形容词；形容词＋名词／代词；副词＋with等构成祈使句。例如：Patience! 耐心点！（名词）After you! 您先请！（介词短语）Your turn. 轮到您了。（形容词＋名词）Up with the box! 把箱子放下！（副词＋with）

五、祈使句句型转换

1．祈使句=You must …（陈述句）Come here. 过来。= You must come here. 你必须过来。

2．Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ～?

Please help me. 请帮帮我。= Will you (please) help me? 你愿意帮我的忙吗？

Come here on time, please. 请准时到这儿。= Will you (please) come here on time? 请你准时到好吗？单项选择

1. The TV is too loud. Please________. A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it

2. _______ late again, Bill! A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not

3. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green. A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't

4. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow. A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing

5. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry. A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell

句型转换

1. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）_____ _____ again more slowly, please.

2. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）_____ _____careless, please.

3. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）_____ _____ next to Nancy.

4. 这是一个坏了的杯子。（翻译句子）This is a ______ ______.

5. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。（翻译句子）

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成表格中所缺信息，每空一词。

We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waster every day and it does harm to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. Here are some ideas for you to live a green life.

Remember these three words; reduce, reuse and recycle.

Reduce means “ use less”. Don't waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think if it is really necessary or maybe the old one will be just as good! When we do buy thing, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from abroad.

Reuse mean “ use again”. Use things for as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should take care of them so that they will last, and we should repair them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Don't use a paper cup or a paper bag. It's better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them again.

Recycle means “ change things into something else”. Although it takes energy to change something into something else, it's better than throwing things away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighbourhood and take part in recycling programmes. We should also buy products made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save trees.

Title: 46 to Live a Green Life

We produce waste every day and it is 47 to us. We can do something to help.

Ideas Does Don'ts

To 48 Useless

* Try to save something

* Don't buy too many things from foreign 49 .

To reuse Use 50

* Use things for us long as possible.

* Buy things that last long.

* Take care of things or 51 the old things.

* Don't use 52 cups or bags.

To recycle Change things into something 53

* Join in recycling programmes.

* Buy 54 made from recycled materials.

Don't 55 things away or burn them.