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英语词汇构词法大全

英语词汇构词法大全
英语词汇构词法大全

词汇进阶-----词根词缀构词法汇总

1.常见的词根(转自无优雅思)

常见的词根

1) aer, ar, 含义是“空气,大气”aeroplane, aerial,

2) ag, act, ig, 含义是“做,动作”active, agent, reaction,

3) alt, 含义是“高”,altitude,

4) alter, altern, altr, 含义是“其它,变更”alternate,

5) bio, bi, bion, 含义是“生物,生命”biology, bionics(仿生学)

6) brev, bri, brief, 含义是“短”brief, abbreviation, abridge(节略)

7) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含义是“取,获”capture, except, concept, capacity

8) ced, ceed, cess, 含义是“行,让步”proceed, succeed, excess(过度)

9) centr, centr, 含义是“中心”concentrate, eccentric(偏心的)

10) clain, clam, 含义是“呼喊”claim, proclaim, exclaim

11) clos, clud, 含义是“闭合”conclude, enclose, include

12) col, cult, 含义是“耕耘”colony, cultivate, agriculture

13) cor, cord, 含义是“心”cordial, record, accord

14) curr, cur, cour, 含义是“跑,动作”current, occur, concurrence(同时发生)

15) dic, dict, 含义是“说,示”dictate, edit, indicate, predict

16) doc, doct, 含义是“教”doctor, document.

17) duc, duct含义是“引导,传导”introduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推论)

18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含义是“做,创造”factory, effect, profit, faculty, perfect

19) fend, fens, 含义是“打,击”defence, offence

20) fer, 含义是“搬运,移转”ferry, transfer, defer(迟延)

21) fin, finit, 含义是“终,极”final, finish, confine

22) firm, 含义是“坚固”firm, confirm, affirm(断定)

23) fix, 含义是“固定”prefix, affix(附加)

24) flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲”flexible, reflex

25) flor, flour, flower, 含义是“花”flower, flourish

26) form, 含义是“形”uniform, formula, transform, reform, deform

27) forc, fort, 含义是“力,强度”force, enforce, effort

28) gen, genit, 含义是“生产,发生”generate, generation

29) gram, graph, 含义是“书写,记录”telegram, diagram, photograph

30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步,阶段”gradually, degree, progress

31) hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持,住”inhabit, exhibit, prohibit

32) her, hes, 含义是“粘附”adhere, cohesion

33) ject, jet, 含义是“抛射”project, inject

34) jour, 含义是“日,一天”journal(日记), journey, adjourn(延期)

35) jug, junct, 含义是“结合,连合”conjunction, junction(连合)

36) labour, labor, 含义是“劳动,工作”labourer, elaborate, collaborate

37) lect, leg, lig, 含义是“挑选,采集”collect, select, lecture

38) lif, liv, 含义是“生活,生存”life, alive, live

39) loc, 含义是“场所,位置”location, dislocate(脱位)

40) long, leng, ling, 含义是“长的”length, prolong, linger

41) loqu, locut, 含义是“说话”colloquial, eloquent,

42) mand, mend, 含义是“命令”command, demand, recommend

43) man, manu, 含义是“手,手法”manage, manual

44) memor, menber, 含义是“记忆”memory, remember, memorial

45) mind, ment, 含义是“心”mind, remind, mental

46) merc, merch, 含义是“贸易”commerce, merchant

47) meas, mens, meter, metr, 含义是“测量,度量”measure, meter, diameter

48) min, 含义是“小”diminish, minority

49) miss, mit, 含义是“派遣,送”mission, dismiss, transmit, missile

50) mob, mot, mov, 含义是“动”movement, motion, mobile, remove

51) nect, nex, 含义是“捆扎”connect, disconnect, annex(合并)

52) not, 含义是“记号,注意”note, denote, annotation(注释)

53) onom, onym, 含义是“名字”synonym, antonym, anonymous

54) pair, par, 含义是“a)相同,对等b)准备”compare, prepare

55) pel, puls, 含义是“追逐”expel, impel(推进)

56) pend, pens, pond, 含义是“悬挂”depend, independent, expense(支付)

57) phon, 含义是“声音”symphony, telephone, microphone

58) plac, 含义是“位置,场所”place, replace

59) peopl, popul, publ, 含义是“人民,民众”public, republic, popular, people

60) port, 含义是“搬运”export, import, deport(输送)

61) press, 含义是“压,压制”pressure, express, oppress, impression

62) prob, proof, prov, 含义是“实验,验证”prove, approve,

63) quer, quest, quir, quis, 含义是“寻找,探问”inquiry, question, inquisition(调查,追究)

64) rang, rank, 含义是“排列”arrange, rank,

65) rect, right, rig, 含义是“正,直”correct, direct, erect

66) riv, 含义是“河流,流远”,river, arrive, derive

67) rupt, 含义是“破坏,毁坏”eruption, bankrupt, corruption

68) sci, 含义是“认识,知识”science, conscious

69) scrib, script, 含义是“书写,记录”describe, script

70) sens, sent, 含义是“感觉,情感”sensation, sentiment

71) sign, 含义是“标记,符号”signal, signature, design

72) sembl, simil, 含义是“相似,类似”similar, resemble, assimilate(同化)

73) soci, 含义是“结合,社交”social, association

74) spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含义是“看,视”inspect, spectator, conspicuous, respe ct

75) struct, 含义是“建筑,构造” structure, construct, instruct, destruction

76) tect, teg, 含义是“遮蔽,掩盖”detect, protect

77) temp, tens, 含义是“时间,时机”tense, contemporary, temporal

78) tend, tes, tent, 含义是“倾向, 伸张”tendency, intension, extend, intend

79) test, 含义是“证明,证实”testify, protest, contest(争论)

80) text, 含义是“编织,构成”textile, texture, context

81) tract, trail, 含义是“拖拉,吸引”attract, tractor, abstract, contract(收缩)

82) tribut, 含义是“给予”contribution, distribute

83) us, ut, 含义是“用,使用”usable, utilize, abuse

84) vac, van, 含义是“空,虚”vacancy, vanity, evacuate(清空)

85) vad, vas, wad, 含义是“走,去”invade, wade, evade(逃避)

86) vers, vert, 含义是“旋转,反转”convert, inversion(倒转),reverse, divert(使转向)

87) vid, vis, vey, view, 含义是“观看,看见”television, visible, evident, interview, s urvey

88) viv, vit, 含义是“生,活”vivid, vital, survival,

89) war, ward, 含义是“注意,保护”aware, wary(谨慎),ward(守护)

90) way, 含义是“路”way, away, subway, always

英语构词总结----从基本词汇到高阶词汇的飞跃(转自LOVEUNIX)

一. 常见的前缀

1.表示否定意义的前缀

1)纯否定前缀

a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的)

dis- dishonest, dislike

in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illeg al, irregular

ne-, n-, none, neither, never

non-, noesense

neg-, neglect

un- unable, unemployment

2)表示错误的意义

male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调)

mis-, mistake, mislead

pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience

3)表示反动作的意思

de-, defend, demodulation(解调)

dis-, disarm, disconnect

un-, unload, uncover

4)表示相反,相互对立意思

anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的)

contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流)

counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance

ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy

with-, withdraw, withstand

2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀

1)a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……”

aboard, aside,

2)by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧”

bypath, bypass(弯路)

3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围,环绕,回转”

circumstance, circuit

4)de-, 表示“在下,向下”

descend, degrade

5)en-, 表示“在内,进入”

encage, enbed(上床)

6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部,外”

exit, eclipse, expand, export

7)extra-, 表示“额外”

extraction (提取)

8)fore- 表示“在前面”

forehead, foreground

9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内,在内,背于”

inland, invade, inside, import

10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间,相互”

international, interaction, internet

11)intro-, 表示“向内,在内,内侧”

introduce, introduce

12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中,中间”

Mediterranean, midposition

13)out-, 表示“在上面,在外部,在外”

outline, outside, outward

14)over-, 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”

overlook, overhead, overboard

15)post-, 表示"向后,在后边,次”

postscript(附言),

16)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面”

prefix, preface, preposition

17)pro-, 表示“在前,向前”

progress, proceed,

18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面,下”subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement

19)super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上”

superficial, surface, superstructure

20)trans-, 表示“移上,转上,在那一边”

translate, transform, transoceanic

21)under-, 表示“在…..下面,下的”

underline, underground, underwater

22)up-, 表示“向上,向上面,在上”

upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)

3. 表示时间,序列关系的前缀

1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前,早于,预先”

antecedent, anticipate,

2)ex-, 表示“先,故,旧”

expresident, exhusband

3)fore-, 表示“在前面,先前,前面”

foreward, dorecast, foretell(预言)

4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中,中间”

midnight, midsummer

5)post-"表示“在后,后”

postwar,

6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前,事先,预先”

preheat, prewar, prehistory

7)pro-, 表示“在前,先,前”

prologue(序幕),prophet(预言家)

8)re-, 表示“再一次,重新”

retell, rewrite

4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀

1)by-, 表示“副,次要的”

byproduct, bywork(副业)

2)extra-,表示“超越,额外”

extraordinary,

3)hyper- 表示“超过,极度”

hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)

4)out-,表示“超过,过分”

outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)

5)over-,表示“超过,过度,太”

overeat, overdress, oversleep

6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低,次,副,亚”

subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)

7)super-, sur- 表示“超过”

supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass

8)under-,表示“低劣,低下”

undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)

9)vice- 表示“副,次”

vicepresident, vicechairman

5. 表示共同,相等意思的前缀

1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同,一起”。connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate 2)syn-, syl-,sym-,表示“同,共,和,类”

symmetry, sympathy, synthesis(合成)

6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀

1)al- 表示“完整,完全”alone, almost,

2) over-表示“完全,全”overall, overflow(充满)

3) pan-表示“全,总,万”panentheism(泛神论),panorama 7. 表示分离,离开意思的前缀

1)a- ab-, abs-,表示“分离,离开” away, apart, abstract, abstain

2)de- 表示“离去,处去”depart, decolour,

3)dis-, di-, dif-, 表示“分离,离开” divorce, disarm(缴械)

4)ex-, e-, 表示“离开,分离”expel, exclude, expatriate(驱出国外)

5)for- 表示“离开,脱离”forget, forgive

6)表示“离开”release, resolve

7)表示“分离,隔离”separate, seduce, select

8. 表示通过,遍及意思的前缀

1)dia-,表示“通过,横过”diameter, diagram,

2)per-, pel-, 表示“通,总,遍”perfect, perform, pervade(浸透)

3)trans-, 表示“横过,贯通”transparent, transmit, transport

9. 表示加强意思的前缀

a-, arouse, ashamed

ad-, adjoin, adhere( 粘着)

10. 表示变换词类作用的前缀

be-, befriend,

en-, enslave, enable, enrich

ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign(委派)

11. 表示数量关系的前缀

1)表示“单一”,“一”

mon-, mon-, monotone(单调),monopoly, monarch

uni-, un-, uniform, unicellular(单细胞)

2)表示“二,两,双”

ambi-, ambiguous, amphibian(两栖类)

bi-, bin- bicycle, di-, diode(二级管),

twi-, twilight

3)表示“十”deca, deco-, dec- deci-, decade, decimals

4)表示"百,百分子一"

hecto-, hect-, hectometer,

centi-, centimeter

5)表示"千,千分子一” kilo-, kilometer

6)表示"万,万分子一”

myria-, myri-, myriametre

mega-, meg-, megabyte

micro-, microvolt (微伏特)

7)表示"许多,复,多数”

multi-, mult-, multipmetre (万用表)

poly-, polysyllable,

8)表示“半,一半”

hemi-, hemisphere

demi-, demiofficial

semi-, semiconductor, semitransparent

pene-, pen-, peninsula

12. 表示特殊意义的前缀

1)arch-, 表示“首位,第一的,主要的”architect, archbishop

2)auto-, 表示“自己,独立,自动”automobile, autobiography

3)bene-, 表示“善,福”benefit

4)eu-, 表示“优,美好”eugenics(优生学),euphemism

5)male-, mal- 表示“恶,不良”maltreatment, malodor,

6)macro-, 表示“大,宏大”macroscopic(宏观)

7)magni-, 表示“大”magnificent

8)micro-, 表示“微”microscope

13. 表示术语的前缀

1)aud-, 表示“听,声”audience,

2)bio-, 表示“生命,生物”biography(传记)

3)ge-, 表示“地球,大地”geography

4)phon-, 表示“声,音调”phonograph

5)tele-, 表示“远离”television, telephone

二. 常见的后缀

1. 名词后缀

(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人

1)-an, -ain, 表示"……地方的人,精通……的人”American, historian,

2)-al, 表示"具有……职务的人" principal,

3)-ant,-ent, 表示"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student,

4)-ar, 表示"……的人” scholar, liar, peddler

5)-ard, -art, 表示"做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者)

6)-arian, 表示"……派别的人,……主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian

7)-ary, 表示"从事……的人" secretary, missionary

8)-ant, 表示"具有……职责的人" candidate, graduate

9)-ator, 表示"做……的人" educator, speculator(投机者)

10)-crat, 表示"某种政体,主义的支持者" democrat, bureaucrat

11)-ee, 表示"动作承受者" employee, examinee

12)-eer, 表示"从事于……人" engineer, volunteer

13)-er, 表示"从事某种职业的人, 某地区,地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, vi llager

14)-ese, 表示" ……国人,…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese

15)-ess, 表示"阴性人称名词, actress, hostess, manageress

16)-eur, 表示"……家” amateur, littérateur

17)-ian, 表示"……地方人,信仰…….教的人,从事……职业的人”Christian, physici an(内科医生),musician

18)-ician, 表示"精通者,……家,”electrician, magician, technician

19)-icist, 表示"……家,…….者, …….能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist

20)-ic, 表示"……者,……师" mechanic, critic

21)-ie, 表示"爱,指小" dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)

22)-ier, 表示"从事……职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠)

23)-ine, ian, 表示"阴性人称" heroine, ballerina

24)-ist, 表示"从事……研究者,信仰……主义者" pianist, communist, dentist, arti st, chemist

25)-ive, 表示"动作者,行为者” native, captive

26)-logist, 表示"……学家,研究者" biologist, geologist(地质学家)

27)-or, 表示"……者" author, doctor, operator,

28)-ster, 表示"做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒),songster

29)-yer, 表示" 从事……职业者” lawyer

(2). 构成,具有抽象名词的含义1)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" accuracy, diplomacy

2)-age, 表示"状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称" courage, storage, marriage

3)-al, a) 表示"事物的动作,过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval 表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal

4)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience

5)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,

6)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, feasibility,

7)-craft, 表示"工艺,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治国策)

8)-cracy, 表示"统治,支配" bureaucracy, democracy

9)-cy, 表示"性质,状态,职位,级别" bankruptcy(破产),supremacy

10)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom

11)-ery, -ry, 表示"行为,状态,习性" bravery, bribery, rivalry

12)-ety, 表示"性质,状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)

13)-faction, -facture, 表示"作成,……化,作用" satisfaction, manufacture

14)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood

15)-ice, 表示"行为,性质,状态" notice, justice, service

16)-ine, 表示"带有抽象概念" medicine, discipline, famine

17)-ing, 表示"动作的过程,结果" building, writing, learning

18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, sol ution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction

19)-ise, 表示"性质,状态” exercise, merchandise(商业)

20)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism

21)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity

22)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, pu nishment, argument

23)-mony, 表示"动作的结果,状态" ceremony, testimony

24)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness

25)-or, -our, 表示"动作,性质,状态" favor, error,

26)-osity, 表示"动作,状态” curiosity

27)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, frien dship

28)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

29)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)

30)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),

31)-y, 表示"行为的结果,状态,性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry

(3) 带有场所,地方的含义

1)-age, 表示"住所,地点" village, cottage

2)-ary, 表示"住所,场地" library, granary (谷仓)

3)-ery, ry, 表示"工作场所,饲养所,地点" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)

4)-ory, 表示"工作场所,住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory (4) 带有学术,科技含义

1)-grapy, 表示"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography

2)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics

3)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)

4)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)

5)-ery, 表示"学科,技术" chemistry, cookery, machinery

6)-y, 表示"……学,术,法” photography, philosophy

(5) 表示人和事物的总和,集合含义

1)-age, baggage, tonnage

2)-dom, newspaperdom(新闻界)

3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood

4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁)

5)-ure, legislature, judicature

(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义

1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant

2)-al, signal, pictorial(画报)

3)ar, collar, pillar(石柱)

4)- er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker

5)-ery, drapery(绸缎)

6)-ing, clothing, matting,

7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment

(7) 表示“细小”的含义

1)-cle, particle,

2)-cule, molecule(分子)

3)-el, parcel

4)-en, chicken, maiden

5)-et, pocket, ticket

6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)

7)-kin, napkin

8)-ling, duckling,

9)-let, booklet

10)-y, baby, doggy

2. 形容词后缀

(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible

2)-al, natural, additional, educational

3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican

4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent

5)-ar, similar, popular, regular

6)-ary, military, voluntary

7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,

8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine

9)-ing, moving, touching, daring

10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish

11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive

12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory

13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)

(2) 表示“相象,类似”的含义

1)-ish, boyish, childish

2)-esque, picturesque

3)-like, manlike, childlike

4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly

5)-some, troublesome, handsome

6)-y, milky, pasty

(3) 表示“充分的”含义

1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various

3)-ent, violent,

(4) 表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义

1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen

2)-ous, gaseous

3)-fic, scientific

(5) 表示方向的含义

1)-ern, eastern, western

2)-ward, downward, forward

(6) 表示“倍数”的含义

1)-ble, double, treble

2)ple, triple

3)-fold, twofold, tenfold

(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义

1)-teen, thirteen

2)-ty, fifty

3)-th, fourth, fiftieth

(8) 表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义

1)-an, Roman, European

2)-ese, Chinese,

3)-ish, English, Spanish

(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义

1)-er, greater

2)-ish, reddish, yellowish

3)-est, highest

4)-most, foremost, topmost

(10)其他的含义

-less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless

3. 动词后缀

1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organi ze

2)-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden

3)-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify

4)-ish, 表示"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish

5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate

4. 副词后缀

1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply

2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward

3)-ways, always, sideways

4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise

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