culture shock中英文对照

Culture Shock Cause and Symptoms

Kalvero Oberg

Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most diseases, it has its own symptoms.

文化休克是突然移居国外的人的一种职业病. 像大多数疾病一样,它有自己的征兆.

Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways with which we are familiar in the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to go shopping, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, often with our conscious awareness.

文化休克是由于失去我们熟悉的标志和社会环境而导致的焦虑.这些标志包括我们熟悉的日常生活,遇到别人知道何时握手,说些什么,知道什么时候如何给小费,如何购物,何时接受或拒绝邀请,何时严肃何时放松.这些可能是语言,手势,面部表情,风俗或规定,我们成长的过程中一直遵守,是文化的一部分,就像我们语言或信仰一样.我们依靠这些思想和标志,成为我们的潜意识.

Now when a person enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed, He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be,a series of props have knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. “The ways of the host country are bad because they made us feel bad.” When foreigners in a strange land get together to grumble about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another symptom of culture shock is regression. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.

当一个人进入一个陌生的环境,所以这些熟悉的线索都消失了.他就像一条离开了水的鱼, 不管你有多么的思想开放多么的友好善良,一系列的问题会来到

你的身边,带给你沮丧和焦虑.人们对挫折的反应大致相同,首先是拒绝带给他不适的环境, “这个国家很坏因为它让我感觉很坏”.当一个陌生地方的人一起抱怨这个国家和这个国家的人, 你就可以肯定他们正在遭受文化冲击.文化休克的另一个症状就是逃避.对于一个外国人来说每一样事物都变的无法忍受.所有的困难和问题都忘记了,只剩下回家这一个念头. 通常只有一趟回家之旅才会把他带回现实.

Some of the symptoms of culture shock are: excessive washing of the hands; excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants; the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-term residents of one's own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible longing to be back home.

文化休克的另一些症状是:过度的洗手,过度关注饮用水,食物,床上用品,恐惧与服务员身体接触,失神凝望,感觉很无助,渴望依赖在这里长期居住的同国籍的人, 小事就能引起愤怒,对轻微的疼痛和皮疹过度关注, 最终极度渴望重返家园.

Individual differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Although not common, there are individual who cannot live in foreign countries. However, those who have seen people go through culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can see steps in the process.

文化冲击对不同的人有不同程度的影响.尽管并不普遍, 有些人不能在国外生活.然而,可以看看有些已经克服文化冲击并且有一个满意的调整,可以参照一下步骤.

Stages of Adjustment

Raymond Zeuschner

Kalvero Oberg describes four stages that people go through when they experience situations that are very different from those to which they are accustomed. Examples of such situations include moving to a new city, traveling to anew country, and becoming part of a new organization, military unit or corporation.

Kalvero Oberg介绍了适应与他们熟悉的环境有很大不同的情况有四个阶段.包括移居到一个新的城市,前往一个新的国家,成为一个组织,军队或公司的一员.

Stage one is a honeymoon phase, during which the new experience is perceived to be interesting, picturesque, entertaining, and charming. You may notice several superficial differences such as music, food and clothing, and the fresh appeal of the new experience keeps you feeling interested and positive. If you are a real tourist, you probably do not stay long enough for this phase to wear off but go on to the next new location or experience. There are people who frequently change jobs, majors, romantic partners, travel plans, clothing styles, foods, diets, or cars so that they never get very far away from the honeymoon stage of culture shock. It is very pleasant to travel and to try out and explore whatever is new.

第一阶段是一个蜜月期.在此期间新的体验被认为是有趣的,美丽的,好玩的,迷人的.你可能会注意到一些肤浅的差异,比如音乐,食物,衣服,新经验让你感觉新鲜有趣.如果你是一个真正的旅游者,在这个阶段不会停留很久,因为会去新的地方,有新的经历.有些人经常更换工作, 专业的浪漫的合作者,旅行计划,服装风格,食品,饮食,或汽车,因此,他们离文化冲击很远.蜜月阶段是非常愉快的旅行,并尝试和探索一切新的东西.

When you stay in a new environment for a while, you move to stage two——the crisis stage——in which the shine wears off and the day-to-day realities sink in. In a relationship, you notice annoying habbits; in a new country, you find barriers to establishing connections or to learning the language beyond a few polite phrases. Suddenly, your new major includes a class or a professor you dislike. The difficulties and unpleasantness of realities replace the charming and picturesque “honeymoon.' However,if you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically, you will probably move to the third phase of culture shock: recovery.

当你在一个新环境待一段时间,你就进入了第二阶段——危机阶段——在这个阶段所以的光环消退,现实的环境摆在你面前.在人际关系方面,你发现了令人烦恼的障碍,在一个新的国家,你发现建立人际关系学习新的语言是有障碍的,比起第一个阶段来.突然之间,你的新专业涉及到的课程和教授你都不喜欢.困难和不愉快的现实取代了第一阶段迷人的蜜月期.然而,如果你能够坚持下去并且尝试去处理,你可能会进去文化冲击的第三阶段:恢复.

In recovery, you learn the systems, procedures, language, or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery, competence, and comfort. After about two weeks in London, I began to feel familiar with traveling by 'tube,“ shopping nearly every day for groceries, paying in the correct currency, buying a newspaper, and using some phrases that are unique to English people. I had the advantage of speaking the same basic language and of sharing a great deal with the English in some

broad, cultural aspects. In a country that was very different from my own, It would probably have taken me longer to move into the recovery phase.

在恢复阶段,你学习新环境里的制度,程序,语言,行为以便能够熟练驾驭.在伦敦大概两周之后,我开始熟悉乘坐地铁旅行,几乎每天去杂货店物,用正确的货币支付,买报纸,使用一些当地人才用的英语.文化方面我有说同种语言的优势.在一个与我自己的国家有很大不同的地方,可能让我用更长的时间去进入恢复阶段.

Finally,the fourth, or adjustment, phase occurs when you feel that you function well and almost automatically in the new culture. You no longer need to make mental conversions of the country's money; you know where services are located and how to use them; you understand some of the customs that accompany ordinary life, and it is relatively easy for you to adjust to them. A greater enjoyment of the new experience is now possible, and you may regain some of the initial positive regard you had in the honeymoon stage. If you stay long enough on a visit from a big city to a small town, or, the other way round, you may become so well adapted to the new environment that when you return to your original home, you will again experience culture shock. For some people, it may take several days to readjust. depending on the length of time they were away. Usually, however, since you are in your home culture, your shock wears off faster than the shock that you experienced in the new culture.

最后是第四个阶段,也就是调整阶段.这时你感觉已经在一个新文化中适应良好. 你不再需要在心里转换该国货币,你知道各项服务的位置以及如何使用它们,你了解如何适应生活习俗,那对你来说很简单.新的经历可能让你轻松愉快,你也许会重新感受到最初的蜜月阶段的甜蜜.如果你保持足够长的从大城市到小城镇的访问,或者反过来,你可能变得很好地适应新的环境.当你返回最初的家园,你可能还要体验一次文化冲击.对一些人来说,可能要花费几天去重新适应,根据他们离开的时间的长短有所不同.通常,比起你所经历的新的文化,在你自己的本土文化里,冲击要消退的更快一些.

感恩节英文介绍(双语)

感恩节英文介绍（双语） Thanksgiving Day is the United States and Canada shared Festival, created by the people of the United States, the intention was to thank God given good harvest, thanks to help from the indians. In America, Thanksgiving Day is the fourth Thursday in November every year, and from that date will be on leave for two days; while the Canadian and American Thanksgiving at different times, the second Monday of October. Everyone agrees the dinner must be roast turkey. A turkey with a bread dressing to absorb the delicious juices flowing during baking, but cooking techniques often because of family and regions vary, what filler application is difficult to get consistent. What are the Thanksgiving Day game? The game, cranberry race: put a bowl with cranberries on the floor, 4-10 player in the sitting around, each sent her a. The beginning of the game, they first sewing clothes, and then to a series cranberry, one to 3 minutes; who was the longest string, who will get the prize. As for the string of the slowest person, we also make fun of to send him a worst award. Game two, game of corn: corn five people hid in the house, we go separately, find corn five to participate in the competition, other people watched. The start of the game, five on the rapid exploitation of maize grain in a bowl, who finished first stripping who the winners, then by no race around the bowl next to guess how many grains of corn, guess the number of the nearest award to a bag of popcorn.

液晶电视工厂设置中英文对照

工厂设置中英文对照表英文中文 1、ADC ADJUST 模数转换校正 模式 R-GAIN R增益校正 G-GIAN G增益校正 B-GIAN B增益校正 R-OFFSET R偏移量校正 G-OFFSET G偏移量校正 B-OFFSET B偏移量校正 AUTO ADC 自动校正 2、PICTURE MODE 图像模式 模式 PICTURE MODE 图像模式 BRIGHTNESS 亮度 CONTRAST 对比度SHARPNESS 清晰度（锐度） TINT 色调 3、W/B ADJUST 白平衡调节 模式 TEMPERATURE 色温 R-GAIN R增益校正

G-GIAN G增益校正 B-GIAN B增益校正 R-OFFSET R偏移量校正 G-OFFSET G偏移量校正 B-OFFSET B偏移量校正COPY ALL 全部复制4、SSC 展频设置MIU Enable MIU开MIU Span MIU 跨度MIU Step MIU进度LVDS Enable LVDS开LVDS Span LVDS 跨度LVDS Step LVDS进度5、SPECIAL SET 特殊设置 No signal sleep 无信号睡眠WDT 看门狗WHITE PATTERN 白板模式 恢复工厂设置 蓝屏设置 AGING MODE 老化模式POWER 开机状态LVDS Adjust LVDS调节 PANEL TYPE 面板类型

T1 MODE LVDS模式 OE SWAP OE置换 Pw131 lvds adjust Pw131 lvds 调节6、VIF1 VIF防护软件 VIF1 VIF2 VIF3 7、SW INFORMATION SW 信息VERSION 版本 BUILD TIME 制造时间MIUO DQS0 MIUO DOS1 8、UART DEMUG 9、OverScan 重现率设置OverScan reslaution 重现率设置OVERSCAN-HPO 水平方向上的位置OVERSCAN-HSIZE 水平方向上的缩放OVERSCAN-VPO 垂直方向上的位置OVERSCAN-VSIZE 垂直方向上的缩放10、NONLINEAR 曲线设置 模式 PICTURE MODE 图像模式Brightness Curve 亮度曲线Contrast Curve 对比度曲线

【感恩节】感恩节英文介绍

感恩节英文介绍 Thanksgiving Day is the most truly American of the national Holidays in the United States and is most closely connected with the earliest history of the country. In 1620，the settlers，or Pilgrims，they sailed to America on the May flower，seeking a place where they could have freedom of worship. After a tempestuous two-month voyage they landed at in icy November，what is now Plymouth，Massachusetts. During their first winter，over half of the settlers died of[1] starvation or epidemics. Those who survived began sowing in the first spring. All summer long they waited for the harvests with great anxiety，knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depended on the The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. The big family dinner is planned months ahead. On the dinner table，people will find apples，oranges，chestnuts，walnuts and grapes. There will be plum pudding，mince pie，other varieties of food and cranberry juice and squash. The best and most attractive among them are roast turkey and pumpkin pie. They have been the most traditional and favorite food on Thanksgiving Day throughout the years. Everyone agrees the dinner must be built around roast turkey stuffed with a bread dressing[3] to absorb the tasty juices as it roasts. But as cooking varies with families and with the regions where one lives，it is not easy to get a consensus on[4] the precise kind of stuffing for the royal bird.

工厂,车间中英文对照表

生产车间常用名称翻译 仓库：WAREHOUSE 脱包间：REMOVING BAG ROOM 楼梯口：THE STAIRS 原料传递口：RAW MATERIAL TRANSFER PORT 原料间：RAW MATERIAL ROOM 称量间：WEIGHING ROOM 清洗间：WASHING ROOM 一次更衣室：DRESSING ROOM 二次更衣室：DRESSING ROOM 缓冲间：BUFFERING ROOM 2个 洁具间：SANITARY TOOL ROOM 2个 器具存放间：TOOLS STORAGE ROOM 2个 制作间：MIXING ROOM 更衣室：DRESSING ROOM 3个 安全出口：EXIT 3个红色字 传递口：CONNECTING WINDOW 7个灌装间：FILLING ROOM 半成品储存间：SEMI FINISHED PRODUCTS STORAGE 内包材间：INNER PACKAGE MATERIAL ROOM 女更衣室：WOMEN'S DRESSING ROOM 男更衣室：MEN'S DRESSING ROOM 女一更衣室：WOMEN'S DRESSING ROOM NO.1 男一更衣室：MEN'S DRESSING ROOM NO.1 女二更衣室：WOMEN'S DRESSING ROOM NO.2 男二更衣室：MEN'S DRESSING ROOM NO.2 成品组装间：FINISHED PRODUCTS ASSEMBLING ROOM 外包装车间：OUTER PACKAGING ROOM 2个 女洗手间：WOMEN’S WASHROOM 货梯严禁乘坐：PERMITTED UNLESS PRODUCTS INCLUDED. 研发室：RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ROOM 微检室：MICROBIOLOGICAL TEST ROOM 打样间：SAMPLING ROOM 留样间：SAMPLES STORAGE ROOM 总更衣室：MAIN DRESSING ROOM 办公室：OFFICE

感恩节相关英语的表达大全精选

感恩节相关英语的表达大全精选 有句子都有它存在的意义，那么你知道这些节日有哪些知识点呢?下面，小编在这给大家带来感恩节相关英语的表达大全精选，欢迎大家借鉴参考! Thanksgiving Day 感恩节 Happy Thanksgiving Day 感恩节快乐 family reunion 家人团聚 purely American 纯美国式 cherished traditions 宝贵的传统 blessings 恩典 religious services 宗教仪式 Black Friday 黑色星期五 MayFlower 五月花号 Mayflower Compact 《五月花号公约》 Puritan 清教徒 religious persecution 宗教迫害 Wampanoag tribe 万帕诺亚格部落 Plymouth Colony 普利茅斯殖民地 Indian 印第安人 hunt 狩猎 fishing 捕鱼 crop 作物 Turkey 火鸡 Turkey Day (也称)感恩节 venison 鹿肉 wild bird 野鸟 goose 鹅 entree 主菜 sweet potatoes 红薯 cranberries 越橘

pumpkin pie 南瓜派 flavoring 调料 pardon 赦免 A time of family reunion 美国人怎么过感恩节? This Thursday is Thanksgiving Day. The writer O. Henry called it the one day that is purely American. Thanksgiving is not a religious holiday. But it has spiritual meaning. Some Americans attend religious services on the day before Thanksgiving, or on Thanksgiving morning.Others travel long distances to be with their families. They have a large dinner, which is the main part of the celebration. 本周四是感恩节。作家欧亨利把这一天称为纯美国式的节日。感恩节不是一个宗教节日，但它有宗教方面的含义。一些美国人在感恩节的前一天或是感恩节的早上参加宗教仪式，还有的长途跋涉和他们的家人团聚。感恩节的主要庆祝方式是一桌丰盛的家庭晚宴。 For many Americans, Thanksgiving is the only time when all members of a family gather. The holiday is a time of family reunion. 对许多美国人来说，感恩节这一天是所有家庭成员欢聚一堂的难得时光。这个节日是家人团聚的时刻。 Thanksgiving week is generally one of the busiest travel times of the year. Many Americans who usually visit family and friends by plane are driving shorter distances instead this week. Some mental-health experts say the attacks have frightened people.They say people feel safer and happier close to home. 感恩节这一周通常是全年中人们出行最为繁忙的时段之一。许多经常坐飞机走亲访友的美国人这一周将改为短途驾车。一些心理健康专家认为，恐怖袭击令人们感到恐慌。他们说，人们在离家较近的地方会觉得更安全、更快乐。 More than any other holiday,Thanksgiving is a celebration of family and home. Many people say that this year they are especially thankful for their families and friends and the good things in their lives. On Thanksgiving,

感恩节介绍中英文对照

感恩节介绍中英文对照 【篇一：感恩节英语介绍】 the story of american thanksgiving (contributed by bing wei, granny bettys story time ) 每逢11月第四个星期四，美国人迎来了自己最重要的传统节日感恩节。感恩节，原是清教徒为感谢上天赐与的好收成，同时，也表达 了新英格兰“移民”对印第安土著居民最初的谢意。如今，这一传统 节日更多意味着合家团聚。下文以历史为脉络，探究了感恩节的渊源，并把目光锁定在1621年翔实的感恩“盛宴”上。阅读完文字，别忘点击附带的小测试。 thanksgiving day is an american holiday and not celebrated in continental europe. on the fourth thursday of each november, families and friends gather together for the occasion to celebrate with a traditional turkey dinner, usually in the mid-afternoon. thanksgiving originated as a celebration of the years harvest and is similar to the mid-autumn festival in china. the origin of the thanksgiving day this american tradition started in 1621 before the united states of america was established. it was a huge celebration for a hard-earned harvest the first year after arriving in the new world. on september 6, 1620, the mayflower ship set sail from plymouth, devon, england, taking all the english pilgrims （清教徒）to the new world. the english pilgrims numbered about a hundred people, and left england to escape religious persecution. their voyage to the new world was financed by merchant adventurers, an english investor group. the pilgrims sailed sixty-six days, arrived in the new world in november of the same year. they first settled in a cornfield abandoned by native indians and named it plymouth plantation. they worked on the land with much difficulty and were beset by a devastating plague in which half of the pilgrim died in the long winter of 1620. in the spring of 1621, an indian brave named squanto and her wampanoag （瓦帕浓人，北美印第安人阿尔琴族一部落）tribe came to their help. the tribe taught the pilgrims how to work the earth and plant corn, beans, pumpkins, squash and other crops.

工厂,车间中英文对照表

WORD格式 生产车间常用名称翻译 仓库：WAREHOUSE 脱包间：REMOVINGBAGROOM 楼梯口：THESTAIRS 原料传递口：RAWMATERIALTRANSFERPORT 原料间：RAWMATERIALROOM 称量间：WEIGHINGROOM 清洗间：WASHINGROOM 一次更衣室：DRESSINGROOM 二次更衣室：DRESSINGROOM 缓冲间：BUFFERINGROOM2个 洁具间：SANITARYTOOLROOM2个 器具存放间：TOOLSSTORAGEROOM2个 制作间：MIXINGROOM 更衣室：DRESSINGROOM3个 安全出口：EXIT 3个红色字 传递口：CONNECTINGWINDOW 7个灌装间：FILLINGROOM 半成品储存间：SEMIFINISHEDPRODUCTSSTORAGE 内包材间：INNERPACKAGEMATERIALROOM 女更衣室：WOMEN'SDRESSINGROOM 男更衣室：MEN'SDRESSINGROOM 女一更衣室：WOMEN'SDRESSINGROOMNO.1 男一更衣室：MEN'SDRESSINGROOMNO.1 女二更衣室：WOMEN'SDRESSINGROOMNO.2 男二更衣室：MEN'SDRESSINGROOMNO.2 成品组装间：FINISHEDPRODUCTSASSEMBLINGROOM 外包装车间：OUTERPACKAGINGROOM2个 女洗手间：WOMEN’SWASHROOM 货梯严禁乘坐：PERMITTEDUNLESSPRODUCTSINCLUDED. 研发室：RESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTROOM 微检室：MICROBIOLOGICALTESTROOM 打样间：SAMPLINGROOM 留样间：SAMPLESSTORAGEROOM 总更衣室：MAINDRESSINGROOM 办公室：OFFICE Z专业资料整理

感恩节演讲稿(中英文)

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感恩节介绍中英文对照

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