学术英语理工lecture13

Should Nuclear Radiation Found in Domestic Milk Come as a Surprise?核辐射应该发现在国内牛奶感到惊讶吗?

I‘m simply floored that officials are downplaying nuclear radiation levels in the United State s as a result of the Fukushima disaster!Neither should it come as a surprise that radiation i s being found in our milk and food supply,albeit in smaller concentrations than those in Jap an.我只是垫底,官员淡化核辐射水平在美国由于福岛灾难!也不应该感到惊讶,辐射被发现在我们的牛奶和食品供应,但在较小的浓度比在日本。

Then again,officials tend to downplay everything,so as not to make the masses panic as we‘re being adversely affected from all sorts of things like fluoridation of U.S.water,chemi cal pesticides,unnecessary forced vaccination,hormone use and synthetic feeding of our li vestock and poultry,and genetic modification of our produce.No,nothing is sacred!And th en we‘re perplexed by increases in diseases,obesity and erratic behavior among our malnu tritioned populace.话又说回来,官员往往会淡化一切,为了不让群众恐慌当我们从各种各样的不利影响诸如美国水的氟化反应,化学杀虫剂,不必要的强制接种疫苗,使用和合成激素喂养我们的牲畜和家禽,和转基因农产品。不,没有什么是神圣的!然后我们困惑,增加疾病,肥胖和不稳定的行为在我们malnutritioned民众。

Let officials be oblivious,the rest of us saw it coming–―radiation?far below‘levels that pos e a risk to humans was found in milk from California and Washington,the first signs Japan‘s nuclear accident is affecting U.S.food,state and federal officials said,‖per Bloomberg‘s K im Chipman and Stephanie Armour.让官员无视,我们把它写出来,‖辐射的远低于水平对人类构成威胁的牛奶中发现了加利福尼亚和华盛顿的第一个迹象表明日本核事故是影响美国食品,州和联邦官员说,―每彭博的金Chipman和斯蒂芬妮盔甲。

If there isn‘t such a problem and radiation is―far below levels ofpublic health concern,‖wh y are the Environmental Protection Agency and Food and Drug Administrationincreasing ou r monitoring of radiation in milk,rain and drinking water?和辐射如果没有这样的一个问题是―远低于水平集会的健康问题,‖为什么环境保护局和食品和药物Administrationincreasing 我们监测辐射的牛奶、雨水和饮用水吗?

We‘re told by the agencies that radioactive iodine-131was found in a March25milk sampl e from Spokane,Washington that is more than5,000times lower than risk levels set by the FDA.告诉我们机构的放射性碘- 131的3月25日牛奶样品中发现了斯波坎,华盛顿5000倍低于FDA设定的风险水平。

Not to be outdone,Iodine-131was then found in a March28milk sample in California,per the state Department of Public Health and the reading is also below―risk levels.‖Shouldn‘t any increase in radiation that is not naturally occurring but due to a nuclear disaster,be of concern?不甘示弱,碘- 131被发现在3月28日在加州牛奶样品,每国务院公共卫生和下面的阅读也是―风险水平。‖不应该增加辐射不是自然发生的,而是由于核灾难,被关注的吗?

While any exposure―raises the risk of getting cancer,‖the levels reported in Spokane pose ―very,very,very low health consequences,‖Ira Helfand,a director of Physicians for Social Responsibility(a Washington-based advocacy group focused on preventing nuclear war),s aid in a telephone interview from Springfield,Massachusetts.Ira is probably putting his ow n children in radiation suits!It must be tough being an official these days to have to lie that blatantly and still be able to look at oneself in the mirror.―I‘m much more worried about th e situation for people in Japan,‖he said.That nobody in his/her right mind wants to visit Ja pan again for the next80to100years should be an indication how dire the situation is ther

e.虽然任何接触―增加患癌症的风险,‖报告的水平在斯波坎构成―非常,非常,非常低的健康后果,‖艾拉希尔芬迪主管医生的社会责任(一个华盛顿的游说团体关注防止核战争),在一次电话采访中说从斯普林菲尔德,马萨诸塞州。爱尔兰共和军可能是把自己的孩子放在防辐射工作服!一定是艰难的做一个官员如今不得不撒谎,公然和仍然能够在镜子里看看自己。―我更担心日本人的情况,‖他说,在他/她的心智正常,没人想再次访问日本为下一个80到100年应该有可怕的情况。

Meanwhile,milk from California which is the biggest milk-producing state,is safe based on government findings,per Jennifer Giambroni from the California Milk Advisory Board.Fine --but much less safer than it was previously I‘m assuming…Another thing,California expor ts a significant portion of its produce!同时,牛奶从加州最大的乳用状态,是安全的基于政府发现,每詹妮弗Giambroni来自加州牛奶顾问委员会。好,但比以前更安全我假设…另一件事,加州出口很大一部分的生产!

Giambroni continued to say that―consumer safety is the highest priority for dairy farmers a nd dairy-foods companies.The dairy industry will continue to work closely with federal and state government agencies to ensure that we maintain a safe milk supply.‖How can they p ossibly ensure safety when the radiation is in the atmosphere and in the rain?Even if they put little plastic suits on the cows,where could they possibly find uncontaminated grass to eat?Assuming that they‘re really only giving cows grass to eat–that would put them in th e elite category of―grass fed beef!‖Giambroni继续说,―消费者安全是最高优先级的奶农和dairy-foods公司。乳制品行业将继续与联邦和州政府机构密切合作,以确保我们保持一个安全的牛奶供应。‖他们怎么可能保证安全当辐射在大气中,在雨中吗?即使他们把小塑料适合牛,他们能在哪里找到未被污染的草吃?假设他们真的只给牛吃草——这将使他们的精英阶层―草喂牛肉!‖

Government officials in Japan,asked farmers to keep cows and cattle in barns as radioactiv e contamination of milk spread from Fukushima prefecture,north of Tokyo.Are those barn s hermetically sealed?在日本政府官员,要求农民保持奶牛和牛在谷仓放射性污染的牛奶从福岛县东京以北。那些是谷仓密封吗?

Patrick Delaney of the Washington-based United Fresh Produce Association,which represe nts produce companies,said―consumers should have no concern about radiation in fruits a nd vegetables.At this point,there isn‘t a danger of contamination.‖Why not?He‘s right–we shouldn‘t worry about it as it won‘t mitigate the situation!帕特里克·德莱尼的华盛顿美国新鲜农产品协会,代表生产公司,称―消费者应该没有担心辐射的水果和蔬菜。在这一点上,没有污染的危险。―为什么不呢?他是对的,我们不应该担心,因为它不会减轻的情况!

It‘s official--according to the EPA,elevated levels of radioactive material in rainwater were reported in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts.Radiation levels have been―very low,‖posin g no health concern and were to be expected,according to the agency‘s website.―Were to be expected?‖So,we‘re not over-reacting!它的官方——根据美国环保署,高浓度放射性物质的雨水被报道在宾夕法尼亚州和马萨诸塞州。辐射水平已经很低,不会造成任何健康问题和预期,根据该机构的网站。―被预期?‖因此,我们不是反应过度!

The EPA said it‘s reviewing the data from Pennsylvania and Massachusetts.The levels are above―normal background‖amounts reported for the areas,according to the agency.So, any detectable increase should have an impact?环保署说,回顾数据来自宾夕法尼亚州和马萨诸塞州。上面的水平是―正常的‖背景地区的大量报道,根据机构。因此,任何检测增加应该有影响吗?

FDA senior scientist Patricia Hansen said,―radiation is all around us in our daily lives,and t hese findings are a minuscule amount compared to what people experience every day.‖No ,sorry–I‘m not convinced!FDA资深科学家帕特里夏·汉森说:―在我们的日常生活中我们四周到处是辐射,和这些发现是一个极小的数量相比,人们每天经历。‖不,对不起——我不相信! Iodine-131has a―half-life‖of eight days,and the level found in milk and dairy products is―expected to drop relatively quickly,‖both the EPA and the FDA said.What about the rest of the radiation,which probably includes a significant portion of the radioactive elements fro m the Periodic Table of Elements?碘- 131有一个八天的―半衰期‖,和牛奶和乳制品中发现是―预期下降相对较快,‖美国环保署和FDA说。其余的辐射,其中可能包括很大一部分放射性元素的元素周期表?

Listening to a talk show recently,I heard experts say that the processes would take some8 0to100years to deem those radioactive elements harmless.最近听一个脱口秀节目,我听到专家说,过程需要大约80到80年认为这些放射性元素无害的。

Hansen said the radiation in Spokane is tiny compared with levels a person receives watchi ng television or taking a round trip cross-country flight.Don‘t tell us about that–ignorance is bliss!汉森说,斯波坎的辐射水平与一个人收到看电视或往返越野飞行。不要告诉我们,无知是福!

A report on the Japanese crisis by Physicians for Social Responsibility,reveals that any exp osure to radiation carries some risk for U.S.residents,concluding that―there is no lower li mit of exposure under which there is no damage and which can be considered safe.Any a mount of radiation will damage cells.‖Now that‘s laying it on the line for us!How honorabl e of them to be so forthcoming…由内科医生报告日本危机的社会责任,表明任何辐射会带来一些美国居民的风险,认为―没有下限的接触下,没有损坏,可认为是安全的。任何数量的辐射会损害细胞。‖这是铺设在行!多么可敬的人即将…

Meanwhile,watch us devour sheets of sushi nori while supplies last…同时,看着我们吃的寿司紫菜在去年…供应

One can understand that the authorities don‘t want the masses to panic.When is the irres ponsibility going to end?They keep building nuclear reactors in high seismic zones such as Japan!人能明白当局不想让群众恐慌。不负责任将结束是什么时候?高地震地区的核反应堆的建设如日本!

There has been plenty to distract us in the news of late but it‘s hard not to stay focused on the dire situation at hand.How can one rest easy when one‘s fellow man is suffering,even if thousands of miles away?有足够使我们在后期的新闻,但很难不去专注于手头的严峻的形势,如何能高枕无忧,当一个人的人是痛苦,即使数千英里之外?

Meanwhile,I think it would be better to think twice before building another nuclear reactor on a fault line.与此同时,我认为这将是最好三思而后行构建另一个核反应堆断层线。

学术英语理工类文献综述英文

学术英语 学院名称：材料科学与工程学院学生姓名：张庆飞 学号：7301013016 专业班级：新能源材料与器件131 2015年 6月16 日

The current development of genetically modified crops of China and its safety issues Zhang Qingfei (College of materials science and engineering, Nanchang University, 10001) Abstracts: GM technology as a new, highly efficient genetically modified technology, already widely used in the cultivation of new varieties of field crops. China's transgenic technology started earlier, China's current GM technology level in the forefront of the world, especially made great achievements in the cultivation of new varieties of crops. In this paper, the status quo using gene transfer on Chinese agriculture and safety of transgenic technology are introduced, and the resolve of GM safety issues some thought. On this basis, I made some new ideas of transgenic technology and application of transgenic technology development prospects were discussed. Keywords: GM technology; GM crops; GM safety issues; China Introduction: As the core of the biotechnology giant leap .Transgenic technology is known as the second "green revolution." In 1983, the world's first strain of transgenic tobacco plants marks the arrival of the era of gene transfer plants. In the ensuing decades, genetically modified crops developed rapidly. In 2014, there are 28 countries in the world planted GM crops, the planting area has reached more than 180 million hectares, Chinese genetically modified crops planting area is 3.6 million hectares. With the widespread planting of genetically modified crops, the impact of transgenic technology in agriculture is growing. As the research of GM crops, China has made great achievements in the research of rice and cotton. The development of anything will not be smooth. With the development of GM technology, its security deposit issues also be exposed. The safety of genetically modified crops has been disputed by people, opponents argue that GM crops have great potential risk, it should be resisted. What is more, some people exaggerate the risk of genetically modified crops. Aroused people's fear of genetically modified. In this paper, the people of GM crops concerns, the status of the development of GM crops were elaborated. Besides, security problems of genetically modified crops and their solutions will be discussed. The current development of genetically modified crops in china GM refers to the Technology that use molecular biology method to transfer the artificial separation and some modified biological gene to other species and change the genetic characteristics of the species .Plant transgenic technology is the genetic transformation of plants, making plants to meet human needs in aspects of shape, nutrition and consumer quality. China's biotech crop improvement research began in the 1980s, during the past 30 years, Chinese agricultural and biological high-tech has been developing rapidly. At present, China's hybrid rice, cotton and other advanced in the world. GM technology Applied on cotton, rice and other crops on behalf of China's development status of GM crops. As a cotton producing countries, the industrialization of Chinese insect-resistant cotton has brought huge economic and ecological benefits to Chinese

学术英语理工类课后题 详解答案

Reading: Text 1 1.Match the words with their definitions. 1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10i 2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1 symbolic 2distributed 3site 4complex 5identify 6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target 10attempt 11process 12parameter 13interpretation 14technical 15range 16exploit 17networking 18involve 19 instance 20specification 21accompany 22predictable 23profile 3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold. Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above. ranging from（从……到） arise from some misunderstandings（来自于对……误解） leaves a lot of problems unsolved（留下很多问题没有得到解决） opens a path for（打开了通道） requires a different frame of mind（需要有新的思想） 4.Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese. 1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。 2) 这可以指获取计算机系统的存储内容，获得一个系统的处理能力，或捕获系统之间正在交流的信息。 3) 那些系统开发者或操作者所忽视的不为人知的漏洞很可能是由于糟糕的设计造成的，也可能是为了让系统具备一些必要的功能而导致计划外的结果。 4) 另一种是预先设定好程序对特定易受攻击对象进行攻击，然而，这种攻击是以鸟枪式的方式发出的，没有任何具体目标，目的是攻击到尽可能多的潜在目标。 5) 另外，考虑安装一个硬件防火墙并将从互联网中流入和流出的数据限定在几个真正需要的端口，如电子邮件和网站流量。 Reading: Text 2 1.Match the words with their definitions. 1d 2f 3h 4i 5a 6e 7b 8j 9g 10c https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3c15845614.html,plete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1 compromised 2notoriety 3 interchangeably 4malfunctioned 5squeeze 6 ingenious 7 emergence 8 humble 9 Cunning 10 vulnerability 11criminal 12patches 13 sinister 14daunting 15replicate 16malicious 17 spirals 18secure 19blur 20 stem 21 disrepute 22 sophisticated 23harness 24 recipient 25convert

学术英语理工类教师用书 细则

学术英语理工类平时分细则 序 号 比率细目内容备注 1 10% 考勤+平时表现学生考勤，课堂表现，作业情 况等教学过程中注重terminology 的学习，课本中的术语主要集中在每个text的“term and notes”部分和每个单元 enhance your academic language”部分中的“target words”,.术语的学习情况将在期末考试中体现。 2 15% 阶段考核摘要（abstract)写作， 文献综述（literature review )英 语写作Abstract: 1.200~250字； 2.基于前三单元其中任一篇TEXT； 3.按照教师讲授的标准格式；（Arial, 小四） 4.配予中文翻译； 5.打印上交批改并归档 6.抄袭舞弊不计成绩Literature Review: 1.400字左右；（课本上第四单元主题） 2.主题（参加说明.-主题1） 3.基于前四单元的学习内容 4.打印上交批改并归档 5.抄袭舞弊不计成绩 另： 1.期末考试将任选其中一种 2.期末Abstract的写作原文出自本教材中的19篇text 的其中一篇 3.期末Review的写作要求和内容和平时一样，但闭卷考试。 3 15% 演示科研成果Oral presentation 1.时间安排参照进度表 2.1～2人一组 3.基于本教材所授技能 4.主题（参见说明-主题1） 5.每位学生陈述时间至少3 分钟 6.不接受单纯读稿 7.每位学生单独得分

合计40% 说明： 1.主题： 1.1五大主题：cloud computing, climate change, genetically modified foods, nuclear radiation, nanotechnology .相关的subtopics 1.2 自选主题，但必须由课任老师审核通过 1.3 Review 的specific topic 尽早确定后，根据所学技能，进行相关信息搜索，整理成文。 2.期末考试完整题型后期会通知 3.期末考试已确定题型参加上表的“另” 4.Review的写作内容和oral presentation的内容可以保持连贯性 5.Oral presentation 要求每位学生陈述时间不少于3分钟，班级人少，时间充裕的班级，教师可视具体情况调整学生陈述时间长度。

学术英语理工类课后题答案

Reａdinｇ: １ 1 . 1ｇ 2a 3e ４b 5ｃ６d 7j 8f 9h 10i 2. ． . 1 2 ３ 4 5 6 7 8 ９10 11 12 13 １4 1５16 17 18 １9 20 ２１２２ 23 ３. ． . . . (从……到） (来自于对……误解) a （留下很多问题没有得到解决） a （打开了通道) a (需要有新的思想) 4 1 ． 1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人(或即使造成危害,但并非故意而为）,而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。 2) 这可以指获取计算机系统的存储内容,获得一个系统的处理

能力，或捕获系统之间正在交流的信息。 3) 那些系统开发者或操作者所忽视的不为人知的漏洞很可能是由于糟糕的设计造成的，也可能是为了让系统具备一些必要的功能而导致计划外的结果。 4) 另一种是预先设定好程序对特定易受攻击对象进行攻击,然而，这种攻击是以鸟枪式的方式发出的，没有任何具体目标，目的是攻击到尽可能多的潜在目标。 5) 另外，考虑安装一个硬件防火墙并将从互联网中流入和流出的数据限定在几个真正需要的端口,如电子邮件和网站流量。Reading：2 １ . 1d 2ｆ3h ４i 5ａ 6e 7b 8j 9ｇ 10c 2 ． . １２ 3 ４ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 １２ 13 14 １5 16 17 1８ 1９ 20 21 22 23 ２4 ２5 ３． . . . . （有证据表明)

（黑客的数量也有很大增长) (往往被称之为) (损坏你的计算机) (获取你的信息) (进入你的计算机) 4 ２. １看似无害的编程错误可能被利用,导致电脑被侵入,为电脑病毒和蠕虫的繁衍提供温床。 ２当一个软件漏洞被发现,黑客可以将它变成一个侵入点，从而造成极大的破坏。在这之前,往往需要争分夺秒地利用正确的软件补丁来防止破坏的发生。 3 最简单的钓鱼骗局试图利用迅速致富的伎俩诱使诈骗目标寄钱。但网络骗子们也变得越来越狡猾,最近的陷阱是通过发送客户服务的电子邮件让用户进入假银行或商业网站,并在那里请他们“重新输入”他们的账户信息。 ４间谍软件与垃圾邮件和钓鱼网络一起，构成了三个令人生厌的互联网害虫。尽管有些程序可以通过入侵软件漏洞从而进入电脑，但这些有害而秘密的程序通常会随着其他免费的应用软件侵入到计算机系统中。 5 尽管因特网已经彻底改变了全球通讯，但是对于那些利用网络力量实现罪恶目的的人和那些负责阻止这些网络犯罪的人来说，他们之间的较量才刚刚开始。

理工学术英语literature review

2015-2016学年第二学期学术英语理工类期中考试 班级:材料成型及控制工程145班学号：5901214047姓名：朱亿成绩: Computer Security The two following articles are on the security of computer.The first one was in the view of hackers,which was talking about the ways to utilize computer vulnerabilities. The first paper firstly redefines the term “hacker”, “cracker” and “getting inside” the computers and describes the procedure in detail. The term “unauthorized user” (UU) will be a better choice for defining the insider group. The known and unknown vulnerabilities will be taken advantage of by UUs ranging from poor password protection to leaving a computer turned on and physically accessible to visitors in the office. The first step of employing technical exploits will be the determination of the specifications of the target system. There are two ways of attacking including being through capabilities inherent in hypertext transfer protocol (http) and being preprogrammed against specific vulnerabilities and launched without any specific target.(Julie,2004) The variability of hacking action including the weak system and the strong system warns the users to choose the right way to protect the computer and do not authorize the computer to others easily. Lastly, the solution of avoiding vulnerabilities has been given, including updating patches, making complex passwords, getting information only from the reliable websites or services, updating anti-virus software and backing up the data to protect the computer not being hacked. Then,the second work was like a supplement to the first article.which involved getting imformaton only from the reliable websites,which was refered in the second article.Always,people are not to know how to use computer safely, update patches, make complex passwords, get information from the reliable websites or services, updae anti-virus software and back up the data to protect the computer not being hacked.So,this article would play a pivotal role in the aspect of computer security.It was a websites guide leading to the security imformation and service for acounts.This guide is intended to present a selected list of sites that cover the basic issues of computer security and which provide useful information for the non-expert (librarian, undergraduate student, office manager, etc.) who wants to learn more about this increasingly important subject. The categories are intended to offer points of departure for some of the many aspects

学术英语(理工)literature review

Is the cloud computing perfect now? Cloud computing, or the cloud, is a colloquial expression used to describe a variety of different types of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers connected through a real-time communication network such as the Internet. And with various terminals developing fast, the durative, massive and intricate computing related to these terminals really become urgent problems. And for the present, cloud computing is a solution. But if we allow the cloud computing to contact with our private information, is it secure enough? And in which field can we improve the security? In the Security Benefits of Cloud Computing, Felician Aleca introduced the cloud computing and analyze its extensive application in the Internet field. It clarified many advantages of the cloud computing. In addition, it also introduced some major security benefits for individuals or companies which are provided by the cloud computing. But nearly every Internet technique will produce some latent vulnerability. In an essay about computer hacker, How Do Computer Hackers “Get Inside”a Computer?, by Julie J. C. H. Ryan, it introduced the various ways that hackers use to invade into computer. And there are three major patterns of these ways, which are gaining access to the stored contents of a computer system, gaining access to the processing capabilities of system, or capturing information being communicated between systems (J.C.H.Ryan,2004). And in the end, it reminds the importance of protecting our computer. As we all known, the personal terminals always store many private information, and the cloud store the users’ data on the Internet servers , in this way, it will cause large-scale information leakage once the hackers invade to these servers online. In fact, we are becoming more vulnerable while we enjoy the benefit of centralized processing by cloud computing. So how to improve the security of the users’ data stored in the cloud is real ly worth studying. Reference Julie J. C. H. Ryan. How Do Computer Hackers “Get Inside” a Computer?. Scientific American, August 16, 2004.

学术英语课后答案 unit1

学术英语理工 教师手册

Unit 1 Choosing a Topic I Teaching Objectives In this unit , you will learn how to: 1.choose a particular topic for your research 2.formulate a research question 3.write a working title for your research essay 4.enhance your language skills related with reading and listening materials presented in this unit II. Teaching Procedures 1.Deciding on a topic Task 1 Answers may vary. Task 2 1 No, because they all seem like a subject rather than a topic, a subject which cannot be addressed even by a whole book, let alone by a1500-wordessay. 2Each of them can be broken down into various and more specific aspects. For example, cancer can be classified into breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and so on. Breast cancer can have such specific topics for research as causes for breast cancer, effects of breast cancer and prevention or diagnosis of breast cancer. 3 Actually the topics of each field are endless. Take breast cancer for example, we can have the topics like: Why Women Suffer from Breast Cancer More Than Men? A New Way to Find Breast Tumors Some Risks of Getting Breast Cancer in Daily Life Breast Cancer and Its Direct Biological Impact Breast Cancer—the Symptoms & Diagnosis Breastfeeding and Breast Cancer Task 3 1 Text 1 illustrates how hackers or unauthorized users use one way or another to get inside a computer, while Text 2 describes the various electronic threats a computer may face. 2 Both focus on the vulnerability of a computer.

学术英语理工lecture12

How Radiation Threatens Health如何辐射威胁健康 As worries grow over radiation leaks at Fukushima, is it possible to gauge the immediate and lasting health effects of radiation exposure? Here's the science behind radiation sickness and other threats facing Japan。由于担心福岛核电站辐射泄漏,有可能测量辐射的 直接和持久的健康影响?这是背后的科学面临辐射病和其他威胁日本。 The japan earthquake and tsunami on match 11,a powerful,magnitude 9.0 quake hit northeastern japan,triggering a tsunami with 10-meter-high waves that reached the U.S. West coast.Here’s the science behind the disaster.在比赛11日日本地震和海啸,强大,日本 东北部发生9.0级地震,地震引发的海啸与西方10-meter-high波,达到美国coast.Here灾难背后的科学。 The developing crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in the wake of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami has raised concerns over the health effects of radiation exposure: What is a "dangerous" level of radiation? How does radiation damage health? What are the consequences of acute and long-term low-dose radiation? 发展危机福岛第一核电站在3月11日地震和海啸后引发了担忧辐射对健康的影响:“危险”水平的辐射是什么?如何辐射损伤健康?急性和长期低剂量辐射的后果是什么? Though radioactive steam has been released to reduce pressure within the wrecked complex's reactors and there has been additional radiation leakage from the three explosions there, the resulting spikes in radiation levels have not been sustained. The highest radiation level reported thus far was a pulse of 400 millisieverts per hour at reactor No. 3, measured at 10:22 A.M. local time March 15. (A sievert is a unit of ionizing radiation equal to 100 rems; a rem is a dosage unit of x-ray and gamma-ray radiation exposure.) The level of radiation decreases dramatically as distance from the site increases. Radiation levels in Tokyo, about 220 kilometers to the southwest, have been reported to be only slightly above normal.尽管放射性蒸汽被释放减少受损的反应堆内压力和有额外的辐射泄漏的三次爆炸,产生的辐射水平激增并不持久。迄今为止,报道的最高辐射水平是每小时400毫西弗的脉冲在三号反应堆,以当地时间3月15日上午十。(译者按电离辐射的单位等于100雷姆;快速眼动是x射线和伽马射线辐射剂量单位。)的辐射水平显著降低站点的距离增加,辐射水平在东京,西南约220公里处,已报告仅略高于正常。 "We are nowhere near levels where people should be worried," says Susan M. Langhorst, a health physicist and the radiation safety officer at Washington University in Saint Louis. “我们离辐射人们应该担心,”Susan m . Langhorst说健康物理学家与辐射安全官在圣路易斯华盛顿大学。 According to Abel Gonzalez, vice chairman of the International Commission on Radiological Protection who studied the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, current information coming from Japan about levels of radiation leakage are incomplete at best and

学术英语课后答案__unit2

Unit 2 Searching for Information 9 Enhancing your academic language Reading: Text 5 1 Match the words with their definitions. 1 e 2 h 3 a 4 g 5 c 6 b 7 j 8 f 9 d 10 i 2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1 automation 2 occupational 3 immigrant 4 uplift 5 displacement 6 hand-crafted 7 ranched 8 nutritious 9 involved 10 assembly 11 yield 12 incredible 13 optimism 14 mob 15 professional 16 labeled 17 analyst 18 surplus 19 harbor 20 columnist 21 virtual 22 revolutionary 23 lace 24 undercut 25 barter 26 litigable 27 specter 28 sift 29 pot 3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold. Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentences patterns listed above. increasingly important role （越来越重要的作用） tasks humans prefer not to do, or are unable to do（那些人类不愿做或不能做的事） and the like（以及诸如此类的事） settle man’s anxieties（解决人类的担忧） Some questions are raised（问题提了出来） 4 Translate the following sentences from Text 5 into Chinese. 1 最近在《纽约时报》上刊登的一篇文章谈到了一种新计算机软件，该软件瞬间就能筛选数以千计的法律文件并寻找到那些可诉讼的条款，为律师们节省了花费在阅读文件上的数百小时。 2 他们主要靠耕种来养活自己，多种的部分用以物品交易或卖出。 3 从事农业和畜牧业者的绝对数量大约在1910年达到顶峰（约有1100-1200万）,在此之后人数便急剧下降。 4 这个故事总结了美国几个世纪以来的工作经历，从失业工人的层面上讲是悲剧，但从全国劳动力的层面上讲是件好事。 5 人工智能是一种新的自动化技术吗？是一种削弱了曾经是20 世纪末就业标志的脑力工作的技术吗？是一种只会消除更好的工作机会的技术吗？ Reading: Text 6 1 Match the words with their definitions. 1 d 2 f 3 i 4 b 5 h 6 c 7 a 8 e 9 j 10 g

学术英语(理工)翻译text15

Text 15 转基因食物-养育了世界？ 1.如果你想在晚宴上引发一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食物这个话题。对许多人来说，转基因，高科技农作物生产的概念产生了各种各样的环境，健康，安全和伦理问题。尤其在有着长期农业生产传统的国家和绿色团体中。这种观点（转基因和高科技农业生产的概念)似乎是反自然的。 2.事实上，转基因食物已经深入且成为我们生活的一部分了。根据农业部显示，去年，美国种植的三分之一的玉米和超过一半的大豆，棉花都是生物技术的产品。今年，在美国将有超过6500万英亩的转基因玉米被种植。基因在瓶子外了。 3.然而，有一些非常明确的现实问题需要去解决。像一些食品进入食物链一样，转基因食物必须经过严格的测试。在富裕国家，关于生物问题的讨论淡化了，因为我们有丰富的食物可供选择，而且供应远远超过我们的需求。在迫切希望养活快速增长和营养不良的人口的发展中国家，这个问题更为简单且更为紧急:生物技术的优点超过风险吗？ 4.有关人口增长和饥饿的统计数据令人不安。去年世界人口达到60亿。联合国估计，到2050年，可能会接近90亿。几乎所有的增长都发生在发展中国家。同时，根据ISAAA数据显示，世界人均可耕种土地正在下降。从1960年开始，适于耕种的土地就在稳定地下降而且50年之后，会减少一半以上。 5.联合国估计世界上有接近8亿的人处于营养不良的阶段。这个影响是毁灭性的。大约有4亿处于生育年龄的女性缺铁，意味着他们的孩子很可能具有各种各样的先天性缺陷。多达1亿的孩子缺乏维他命A，这是失明的主要原因。数千万的人由于缺乏食物遭受着其他的一些疾病和营养不良。 6.生物技术能够如何帮助呢？生物学家已经开发出了富含身体能够将其转化成维他命A的β胡萝卜素的转基因大米和额外的铁元素。他们现在正在研究其他种类的营养提供作物。在一些地方，由于病虫，干旱，土壤缺乏和作物病毒，细菌

学术英语复习(1)

学术英语理工类Abstract及课文翻译Text1、3、5、6、8、9、11、15、18 Text 1 Computer vulnerabilities are often utilized by hackers or crackers. The security of each computer is challenging. This paper firstly redefines the term “hacker”, “cracker”and “getting inside”the computers and describes the procedure in detail. The term “unauthorized user”(UU) will be a better choice for defining the insider group. The known and unknown vulnerabilities will be taken advantage of by UUs ranging from poor password protection to leaving a computer turned on and physically accessible to visitors in the office. The first step of employing technical exploits will be the determination of the specifications of the target system. There are two ways of attacking including being through capabilities inherent in hypertext transfer protocol (http) and being preprogrammed against specific vulnerabilities and launched without any specific target. The variability of hacking action including the weak system and the strong system warns the users to choose the right way to protect the computer and do not authorize the computer to others easily. Lastly, the solution of avoiding vulnerabilities has been given, including updating patches, making complex passwords, getting information only from the reliable websites or services, updating anti-virus software and backing up the data to protect the computer not being hacked. Text 3 The article attempts to point out the advantages of cloud computing, a pay-per use model for enabl ing on-demand access to reliable and configurable resources. Comparisons between clouds compu ting services and traditional models have been conducted and the conclusion has been arrived as f ollows: Software, platform and infrastructure prove that cloud computing have the qualitytobe con trolled accessibly,costs less and re-provision quickly; the advantages of cloud computingincludest hefollowing:the business cloud be controlled accessibly from anywhere and be expanded easily;Cl ouds tend to be more secure and environmentally friendly than the traditional business models.