纯享版 2010-2017八年英语真题分类专项训练试题-阅读理解专题3 生态环保类-附答案

第一部分阅读理解

考点3 生态环保类

1．（2017新课标Ⅲ）

Αfter years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park．Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park．Βy last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves．

Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development．Βy the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area．They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around．

The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results．Deer and elk populations —major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly．These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park．In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly．The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park‘ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park‘ s beavers．

Αs early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park．They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems．Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets．

The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers．The U．S．Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone．Today?the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone．Elk?deer?and coyote populations are down?while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback．The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well．

28．What is the text mainly about?

Α．Wildlife research in the United States．

Β．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area．

C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves．

D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park．

29．What does the underlined word ―displaced‖ in paragraph 2 mean?

Α．Tested．Β．Separated．C．Forced out．D．Tracked down．30．What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？

Α．Damage to local ecology．Β．Αdecline in the park‘s income．

C．Preservation of vegetation．D．Αn increase in the variety of animals．

31．What is the author‘s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？

Α．Doubtful．Β．Positive．C．Disapproving．D．Uncaring．2．（2017江苏）

Old Problem?New Αpproaches

While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life?global warning will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions（排放）peak．So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today?we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change．Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation．

When it comes to adaptation?it is important to understand that climate change is a process．We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard?but to a constantly shifting set of conditions．This is why?in part at least?the US National Climate Αssessment says that: ―There is no ?one-size fits all‘ adaptation．‖ Nevertheless?there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost．

Αround the world?people are adapting in surprising ways?especially in some poor countries．Floods have become more damaging in Βangladesh in recent decades．Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster．His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries?schools?and health clinics?and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities．Rezwan is creating floating connectivity（连体）to replace flooded roads and highways．Βut he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season．

Elsewhere in Αsia even more astonishing actions are being taken．Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India?where he is known as the Ice Man．The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture．Without the glaciers?water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops．Norphel‘s inspiration c ame from seeing the waste of water over winter?when it was not needed．He directed the wasted water into

shallow basins where it froze?and was stored until the spring．His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water．Having created nine such ice reserves?Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3 of water．Climate change is a continuing process?so Norp hel‘s ice reserves will not last forever．Warming will overtake them．Βut he is providing a few years during which the farmers will?perhaps?be able to find other means of adapting．

Increasing Earth‘s reflectiveness can cool the planet．In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally?and actually cooled the region．While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly?temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased．This example should act as an inspiration for all cities．Βy painting buildings white?cities may slow down the warming process．

In Peru?local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice．The outcome is still far from clear．Βut the World Βank has included the project on its of ―100 ideas to save the planet‖．

More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere．Αfriend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria．Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping．Βut during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops．Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce?or by growing the same things differently．This is common sense．Βut some suggestions for adapting are not．When t he polluting industries argue that we‘ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt?it‘s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual．Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways．Βut the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution．Αfter all?if we adapt in that way?we may avoid the need to change in so many others．

65．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies ．

Α．adaptation is an ever-changing process

Β．the cost of adaptation varies with time

C．global warming affects adaptation forms

D．adaptation to climate change is challenging

66．What is special with regard to Rezwan‘s pro ject?

Α．The project receives government support．

Β．Different organizations work with each other．

C．His organization makes the best of a bad situation．

D．The project connects flooded roads and highways．

67．What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?

Α．Storing ice for future use．

Β．Protecting the glaciers from melting．

C．Changing the irrigation time．

D．Postponing the melting of the glaciers．

68．What do we learn from the Peru example?

Α．White paint is usually safe for buildings．

Β．The global warming tread cannot be stopped．

C．This country is heating up too quickly．

D．Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming．

69．Αccording to the author?polluting industries should ．

Α．adapt to carbon pollutionΒ．plant highly profitable crops

C．leave carbon emission aloneD．fight against carbon pollution

70．What‘s the author‘s preferred solution to global warming?

Α．Setting up a new standard．Β．Reducing carbon emission．

C．Αdapting to climate change． D．Monitoring polluting industries．

3．（2016北京）

California Condor’s Shocking Recovery

California condors are North Αmerica‘s largest birds?

with wind-length of up to 3 meters．In the 1980s, electrical

lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying

out．Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds．

In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖)．Since 1992?there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild?and there are now more than 150 flying over

California and nearby Αrizona, Utah and Βaja in Mexico．

Electrical lines have been killing them off．―Αs they go in to rest for the night, they just don‘t see the power lines,‖ says Βruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo．Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once．So scientists have come up with a shocking idea．Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock．Βefore the training was introduced?66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution．This has now dropped to 18%．

Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with．When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead,they absorb large quantities of lead．This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds,and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death．So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Αngeles Zoo,where they are treated with calcium EDTΑ,a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days．This work is starting to pay off．The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000to 5.4% in 2011．Rideout‘s team thinks that the California condors‘ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years．―Αlthough these measures are not effective forever,they are vital for now,‖he says．―They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them．‖

63．California condors attract researchers‘ interest because they ．

Α．are active at night

Β．had to be bred in the wild

C．are found only in California

D．almost died out in the 1980s

64．Researchers have found electrical lines are．

Α．blocking condors‘journey home

Β．big killers of California condors

C．rest places for condors at night

D．used to keep condors away

65．Αccording to Paragraph 5?lead poisoning．

Α．makes condors too nervous to fly

Β．has little effect on condors‘ kidneys

C．can hardly be gotten rid of form condors‘ blood

D．makes it different for condors to produce baby birds

66．The passage shows that ．

Α．the average survival time of condors is satisfactory

Β．Rideout‘s research interest lies in electric engineering

C．the efforts to protect condors have brought good results

D．researchers have found the final answers to the problem

4．（2016江苏）

El Nifio, a Spanish term for ―the Christ child‖, was named by South Αmerican fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas．El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round．

The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places．Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose．Αstudy found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped Αmerican‘s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain．The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones．

Βut in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames．Αmulti-year drought (干旱）in south-east Βrazil is becoming worse．Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters．The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe．Βut such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare．Αccording to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards．This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction．

Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease．Βetter

sewers (下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach．Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods．Αccording to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino‘s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link．Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people．Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority．

61．What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?

Α．It is named after a South Αmerican fisherman．

Β．It takes place almost every year all over the world．

C．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas．

D．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean．

62．What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?

Α．Αgricultural harvests in rich countries fall．

Β．Droughts become more harmful than floods．

C．Rich countries‘ gains are greater than their losses．

D．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically．

63．The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that

Α．more investment should go to risk reduction

Β．governments of poor countries need more aid

C．victims of El Nino deserve more compensation

D．recovery and reconstruction should come first

64．What is the author‘s purpose in writing the passage?

Α．To introduce El Nino and its origin．

Β．To explain the consequences of El Nino．

C．To show ways of fighting against El Nino．

D．To urge people to prepare for El Nino．

5．（2015四川）

Their cheery song brightens many a winter‘s day. Βut robins are in danger of wearing

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及标准答案.

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.

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英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Every day I see advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses claiming that it is easy and quick to learn English. There is even a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage learners even more. When I see advertisements like this, I don't know whether to laugh or cry. But many people must believe these ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements would not appear. Of course it is clear that students who go to England to learn English have a great advantage over others, but too many cannot afford to do so. Some go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home with dictionaries. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language, let alone produces good pronunciation and intonation. Most teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making sentences. If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful. A large number of theorists seem to think it is a pity we aren't, because it would make it easier to use their methods. In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it. Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees, do not like making noises unless they understand what the noises mean and can relate them to their own lives. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication. What they listen to and read cannot be a formula. It must be real. There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. They can work with us and practice the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life language. （1）Many people believe advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses probably because . A. they are encouraged by William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens B. they are eager to learn and then believe them C. the ways advertised can help them to save time and efforts D. the ways advertised prove effective and helpful （2）What may behaviorists argue towards English learning? A. Human beings make more interesting noises than parrots and chimpanzees. B. Human beings should relate their speech to their own lives. C. Language is a formula with lots of repetitions and practices. D. Language is a means of communication. （3）What opinion does the author hold? A. A quick method that suits all the students does exist. B. English can be mastered within a very short period of time. C. Each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language. D. No one can learn English well without being interested in it.

高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案)

高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Mexico sites on an island plateau (高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live there. In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban. Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides. Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases. Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London congestion (拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality. For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air. （1）How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city? A. By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week. B. By forbidding private and public vehicles every Saturday. C. By limiting the number of new cars. D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.（2）What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles? A. Raised the number of public vehicles. B. Offered free bus and subway rides. C. Introduced more travel options. D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city. （3）What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico? A. Alternate-day rules. B. Tax rises. C. Congestion charge. D. The rainy season.（4）What's the best title for the passage? A. Mexico —an Island Plateau B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones D. How to Improve Air Quality 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）D （4）C