CMMI-DEV 1.3 ATM培训 Mod_07

? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University

SM

CMM Integration, SCAMPI, SCAMPI Lead Appraiser, TSP , and IDEAL are service marks of Carnegie Mellon University.

?CMMI, Capability Maturity Model, Capability Maturity Modeling, CMM, and Carnegie Mellon are registered in the US Patent and T rademark Office by Carnegie Mellon University. For more information on CMU/SEI T rademark use, please visit http://www https://www.sodocs.net/doc/314591104.html,/about/legal-trademarks.html

Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213

Module 7:

Project and

Organizational Support

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University

2

2010-11-01

This Module Focuses On

Module 10

OPP QPM

CAR OPM

Enabling

Performance Management of the

Work High Maturity

Module 9

OPF

OPD IPM OT

Enabling Improvement of the Work

Improvement Infrastructure

Module 6

PP PMC RSKM SAM

Organizing and Managing the Work

Managing the Project Module 5RD REQM Doing the Work of the

Organization * Understanding the

Work

* Performing the Work Product Development Module

8

TS

PI VER

VAL

Module 7

CM

PPQA MA DAR

Providing Infrastructure for Projects and Organizations

Project and Org

Support

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 3

2010-11-01

Project and Organizational Support Involves

?Establishing and maintaining the integrity of work products

?Providing objective visibility into, and feedback on, processes and associated work products throughout the life of the project to support delivering high-quality products and services

?Establishing a measurement system to address the many information needs of projects and the organization

?Determining which decisions should use a formal evaluation process and then applying formal evaluation processes to make good decisions

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 4

2010-11-01

Topics

Project and Org Support Process Areas

-Configuration Management (CM)

-Process and Product Quality Assurance (PPQA)-Measurement and Analysis (MA)-

Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR)

Project and Org Support Summary

Exercise 3: Measurement Implications of Your Process Improvement Goals

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 5

2010-11-01

Configuration Management (CM)

Purpose

Establish and maintain the integrity of work products using

configuration identification, configuration control, configuration status accounting, and configuration audits.

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 6

2010-11-01

Relevant Terminology

Baseline

A set of specifications or work products that has been formally reviewed and agreed on, which thereafter serves as the basis for further development, and which can be changed only through change control procedures.

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 7

2010-11-01

When Configuration Management Is Not Done Well…

A product baseline cannot be produced when needed.

Rework is performed during testing because components are not what were expected.

A complete inventory of system components is unavailable when needed.

A previous baseline cannot be rebuilt, and this wastes money and resources during maintenance.

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 8

2010-11-01

Configuration Management Goals

Changes to the work products under configuration management are tracked and controlled.Establish Baselines

Baselines of identified work products are established.

SG 1

Track and Control Changes

SG 2

The process area also has generic goals to support institutionalization.

Integrity of baselines is established and maintained.

Establish Integrity

SG 3

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University

9

2010-11-01

Configuration Management Specific Practices

Establish Integrity

SP 3.1 Establish Configuration Management Records SP 3.2 Perform Configuration Audits

SG 3

Track and Control Changes

SP 2.1 Track Change Requests SP 2.2 Control Configuration Items

SG 2

Establish Baselines

SP 1.1 Identify Configuration Items

SP 1.2 Establish a Configuration Management

System

SP 1.3 Create or Release Baselines

SG 1

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 10

2010-11-01

Change Request Database Configuration Management System

Create or Release Baselines

SP 1.3Establish a Configuration Management System

SP 1.2Identify Configuration

Items

SP 1.1Establish Configuration Management Records

SP 3.1

Control Configuration

Items

SP 2.2Track Change Requests SP 2.1Perform Configuration

Audits

SP 3.2Reports and Records

Audit Results

Configuration Management Sampling of Work Products

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 11

2010-11-01

Create or Release Baselines

SP 1.3Control Configuration

Items SP 2.2Track Change Requests SP 2.1Establish a Configuration Management System

SP 1.2Identify Configuration

Items

SP 1.1Perform Configuration

Audits

SP 3.2Establish Configuration Management Records

SP 3.1Configuration Management Sampling of PA Relationships

All Process Areas Control Work Products

All PAs

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 12

2010-11-01

Configuration Management Case Study Example

1. SP 1.1 Identify Configuration Items

2. SP 1.2 Establish a Configuration Management System

3. SP 1.3 Create or Release Baselines

4. SP 2.1 Track Change Requests

5. SP 2.2 Control Configuration Items

6. SP 3.1 Establish Configuration Management Records

7. SP 3.2 Perform Configuration Audits

PASS delivered updated software to SaveAll. SaveAll wanted to know what changed, but PASS wasn’t sure because Change Request records were incomplete .

Which CM SPs could have prevented the problem?

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 13

2010-11-01

Topics

Project and Org Support Process Areas

-Configuration Management (CM)

-Process and Product Quality Assurance (PPQA)-Measurement and Analysis (MA)

-

Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR)

Project and Org Support Summary

Exercise 3: Measurement Implications of Your Process Improvement Goals

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 14

2010-11-01

Process and Product Quality Assurance (PPQA)

Purpose

Provide staff and management with objective insight into processes and associated work products.

QA

Engineer

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 15

2010-11-01

Relevant Terminology

Quality Assurance

A planned and systematic means for assuring management that defined standards, practices, procedures, and methods of the process are applied.

Objectively Evaluate

To review activities and work products against criteria that minimize subjectivity and bias by the reviewer.

An example of an objective evaluation is an audit against

requirements, standards, or procedures by an independent quality assurance function.

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 16

2010-11-01

When Process and Product Quality Assurance Is Not Done Well…

No assurance is available that quality standards and processes are followed or achieved.

Poor quality work products may be produced.There may be processes that staff avoid.

Significant project issues are not escalated for management attention.

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 17

2010-11-01

Process and Product Quality Assurance Goals

Noncompliance issues are objectively tracked and communicated, and resolution is ensured.

Objectively Evaluate Processes and Work Products

Adherence of the performed process and

associated work products to applicable process descriptions, standards, and procedures is objectively evaluated.

SG 1

Provide Objective Insight

SG 2

The process area also has generic goals to support institutionalization.

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 18

2010-11-01

Process and Product Quality Assurance Specific Practices

Objectively Evaluate Processes and Work Products

SP 1.1 Objectively Evaluate Processes SP 1.2 Objectively Evaluate Work Products SG 1

Provide Objective Insight

SP 2.1 Communicate and Resolve Noncompliance

Issues

SP 2.2 Establish Records

SG 2

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 19

2010-11-01

Reports and Records

Objectively Evaluate Work Products and Services

SP 1.2Objectively Evaluate Processes

SP 1.1Establish Records

SP 2.2Communicate and Resolve Noncompliance

Issues

SP 2.1Relevant Stakeholders

Process and Product Quality Assurance Sampling of Work Products

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 20

2010-11-01

Establish Records

SP 2.2Communicate and Resolve Noncompliance

Issues

SP 2.1

Objectively Evaluate Work Products

SP 1.2Objectively Evaluate Processes SP 1.1Process and Product Quality Assurance Sampling of PA Relationships

All Process Areas Evaluate Adherence

All PAs

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 21

2010-11-01

Process and Product Quality Assurance Case Study Example Focus Area

Objectively Evaluate Processes and Work Products

SP 1.1 Objectively Evaluate Processes SP 1.2 Objectively Evaluate Work Products

SG 1

Focus Area

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 22

2010-11-01

Process and Product Quality Assurance Case Study Example

Which are process evaluations? Which are product evaluations?1. QA attends a peer review and mentions there should be an

attendance sheet

2. QA watches the engineers assemble a security system and notices a

component was put in the wrong place

3. QA reviews the requirements and notices a missing requirement

4. QA reviews the design and notices some engineering drawings are

missing

5. QA notices test group does not always fill out problem reports

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 23

2010-11-01

Topics

Project and Org Support Process Areas

-Configuration Management (CM)

-Process and Product Quality Assurance (PPQA)-Measurement and Analysis (MA)

-

Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR)

Project and Org Support Summary

Exercise 3: Measurement Implications of Your Process Improvement Goals

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University

24

2010-11-01

Measurement and Analysis (MA)

Purpose

Develop and sustain a measurement capability used to support management information needs.

Hardware

Software

System

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 25

2010-11-01

Relevant Terminology

Base Measure

Measure defined in terms of an attribute and the method for quantifying it.

A base measure is functionally independent of other measures. Derived Measures

Measure that is defined as a function of two or more values of base measures.

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 26

2010-11-01

When Measurement and Analysis Is Not Done Well…

Measurements are used inappropriately.

Inappropriate measures can cause unintended behavior.

Management is based on perception rather than fact.

Measurement presentations may confuse rather than enlighten.

Useless measures are collected.

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 27

2010-11-01

Measurement and Analysis Goals

Measurement results, which address identified information needs and objectives, are provided.

Align Measurement and Analysis Activities

Measurement objectives and activities are aligned with identified information needs and objectives.SG 1

Provide Measurement Results

SG 2

The process area also has generic goals to support institutionalization.

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 28

2010-11-01

Measurement & Analysis Specific Practices

SP 1.1 Establish Measurement Objectives SP 1.2 Specify Measures

SP 1.3 Specify Data Collection and Storage

Procedures

SP 1.4 Specify Analysis Procedures Align Measurement and Analysis Activities SG 1

SP 2.1 Obtain Measurement Data SP 2.2 Analyze Measurement Data SP 2.3 Store Data and Results SP 2.4 Communicate Results

Provide Measurement Results SG 2

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 29

2010-11-01

Measurement Objectives

Measurement Results

Specify Data Collection and Storage Procedures

SP 1.3Specify Measures

SP 1.2Establish Measurement Objectives

SP 1.1

Specify Analysis Procedures

SP 1.4Store Data and Results

SP 2.3Analyze Measurement

Data

SP 2.2Obtain Measurement

Data

SP 2.1Communicate Results

SP 2.4Measurement Repository Information Needs

Information Needs

Measurement & Analysis Sampling of Work Products

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 30

2010-11-01

Obtain Measurement

Data

SP 2.1Specify Analysis Procedures SP 1.4Specify Data Collection and Storage Procedures

SP 1.3Specify Measures

SP 1.2Establish Measurement Objectives SP 1.1Store Data and Results

SP 2.3Analyze Measurement

Data

SP 2.2Measurement & Analysis

Sampling of PA Relationships

Select Measures and Analytic Techniques

QPM SP 1.4Communicate Results

SP 2.4

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 31

2010-11-01

Measurement & Analysis

Case Study Example Focus Area

SP 2.1 Obtain Measurement Data SP 2.2 Analyze Measurement Data SP 2.3 Store Data and Results SP 2.4 Communicate Results

Provide Measurement Results SG 2

Focus Area

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University

32

2010-11-01

Measurement and Analysis Case Study Example

Which graphs show measurement data are analyzed?

Plan

Actual Jan Feb

C o s t i n $K

807060504030

Plan

Actual Jan Feb

C o s t i n $K

80

7060504030

Plan

Actual Jan Feb C o s t i n $K

80

7060504030

Plan

Actual Jan Feb

C o s t i n $K 807060504030

Actual is increasing

Actuals exceeding threshold

Risk realized, started contingency plans

1

2

3

4

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 33

2010-11-01

Topics

Project and Org Support Process Areas

-Configuration Management (CM)

-Process and Product Quality Assurance (PPQA)-Measurement and Analysis (MA)

-

Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR)

Project and Org Support Summary

Exercise 3: Measurement Implications of Your Process Improvement Goals

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 34

2010-11-01

Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR)

Purpose

Analyze possible decisions using a formal evaluation process that evaluates identified alternatives against established criteria.

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 35

2010-11-01

Decision Analysis and Resolution Applicability

?Documented guidelines should be provided when formal evaluation processes are to be used.

?Guidelines often suggest using formal evaluation processes when issues are associated with medium to high risks or when issues affect the ability to achieve project objectives.

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 36

2010-11-01

When Decision Analysis and Resolution Is Not Done Well…

It is unclear who is authorized to make what decisions.Decisions are made subjectively.

Rationale is unavailable when needed to understand an earlier decision.

Too few choices are considered for major decisions.Missing a more optimal solution costs time, money, credibility, and perhaps even the whole project.

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 37

2010-11-01

Decision Analysis and Resolution Goals

Evaluate Alternatives

Decisions are based on an evaluation of alternatives using established criteria.

SG 1

The process area also has generic goals to support institutionalization.

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 38

2010-11-01

Decision Analysis and Resolution Specific Practices

SP 1.1 Establish Guidelines for Decision

Analysis

SP 1.2 Establish Evaluation Criteria SP 1.3 Identify Alternative Solutions SP 1.4 Select Evaluation Methods SP 1.5 Evaluate Alternative Solutions SP 1.6 Select Solutions

Evaluate Alternatives

SG 1

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 39

2010-11-01

Guidelines Criteria

Identify Alternative Solutions

SP 1.3Establish Evaluation Criteria

SP 1.2Establish Guidelines for Decision Analysis

SP 1.1Select Solutions

SP 1.6Evaluate Alternative Solutions

SP 1.5Select Evaluation Methods

SP 1.4Proposed Alternatives

Methods

Decision Analysis and Resolution Sampling of Work Products

Introduction to CMMI-DEV v1.3 –Module 7 ? 2010 Carnegie Mellon University 40

2010-11-01

Select Solutions

SP 1.6Evaluate Alternative Solutions

SP 1.5

Select Evaluation Methods SP 1.4

Identify Alternative Solutions SP 1.3Establish Evaluation Criteria SP 1.2Establish Guidelines for Decision Analysis

SP 1.1

Select Product Component Solutions TS SP 1.2Select Suppliers

SAM SP 1.2Perform Make, Buy, or

Reuse Analyses

TS SP 2.4Select Outcomes for Analysis

CAR SP 1.1Decision Analysis and Resolution Sampling of PA Relationships