Glossary of terms _Principles of steel structures
Tongji University
031126: Basic Principles of Steel Structures
Glossary of terms
Actions The loads to which a structure is subjected.
Advanced analysis An analysis which takes account of second-order effects, inelastic behaviour, residual stresses, and geometrical imperfections.
Beam A member which supports transverse loads or moments only.
Beam-column A member which supports transverse loads or moments which cause bending and axial loads which cause compression.
Biaxial bending The general state of a member which is subjected to bending actions in both principal planes together with axial compression and torsion actions. Brittle fracture A mode of failure under a tension action in which fracture occurs without yielding.
Buckling A mode of failure in which there is a sudden deformation in a direction or plane normal to that of the loads or moments acting.
Buckling length The length of an equivalent simply supported member which has the same elastic buckling load as the actual member.
Column A member which supports axial compression loads.
Compact section A section capable of reaching the full plastic moment. Connection A joint.
Dead load The weight of all permanent construction. Referred to in design codes as permanent load.
Deformation capacity A measure of the ability of a structure to deform as a plastic collapse mechanism develops without otherwise failing.
Design load A combination of factored nominal loads which the structure is required to resist.
Design resistance The capacity of the structure or element to resist the design load. Effective length The length of an equivalent simply supported member which has the same elastic buckling load as the actual member. Referred to in design codes as the buckling length.
Effective width That portion of the width of a flat plate which has a non-uniform stress distribution (caused by local buckling or shear lag) which may be considered as fully effective when the non-uniformity of the stress distribution is ignored. Elastic buckling analysis An analysis of the elastic buckling of the member or frame out of the plane of loading.
Elastic buckling load The load at elastic buckling. Referred to in design codes as the elastic critical buckling load.
Elastic buckling stress The maximum stress at elastic buckling. Referred to in design codes as the elastic critical buckling stress.
Factor of safety The factor by which the strength is divided to obtain the working load capacity and the maximum permissible stress.
Fastener A bolt, pin, rivet, or weld used in a connection.
Fatigue A mode of failure in which a member fractures after many applications of load.
First-order analysis An analysis in which equilibrium is formulated for the undeformed position of the structure, so that the moments caused by products of the loads and deflections are ignored.
Flexural buckling A mode of buckling in which a member deflects.
Flexural–torsional buckling A mode of buckling in which a member deflects and twists.
Friction-grip joint A joint in which forces are transferred by friction forces generated between plates by clamping them together with preloaded high-strength bolts. Geometrical imperfection Initial crookedness or twist of a member.
Girt A horizontal member between columns which supports wall sheeting.
Gusset A short-plate element used in a connection.
Inelastic behaviour Deformations accompanied by yielding.
In-plane behaviour The behaviour of a member which deforms only in the plane of the applied loads.
Joint The means by which members are connected together and through which forces and moments are transmitted.
Lateral–torsional buckling Flexural–torsional buckling of a beam.
Limit states design A method of design in which the performance of the structure is assessed by comparison with a number of limiting conditions of usefulness. The most common conditions are the strength limit state and the serviceability limit state.
Load effects Internal forces and moments induced by the loads.
Load factor A factor used to multiply a nominal load to obtain part of the design load.
Loads Forces acting on a structure.
Local buckling A mode of buckling which occurs locally (rather than generally) in a thin-plate element of a member.
Mechanism A structural system with a sufficient number of frictionless and plastic hinges to allow it to deform indefinitely under constant load.
Member A one-dimensional structural element which supports transverse or longitudinal loads or moments.
Nominal load The unfactored load magnitude determined from a loading code or specification.
Non-uniform torsion The general state of torsion in which the twist of the member varies non-uniformly.
Plastic analysis A method of analysis in which the ultimate strength of a structure is computed by considering the conditions for which there are sufficient plastic
hinges to transform the structure into a mechanism.
Plastic hinge A fully yielded cross-section of a member which allows the member portions on either side to rotate under constant moment (the plastic moment). Plastic section A section capable of reaching and maintaining the full plastic moment until a plastic collapse mechanism is formed.
Post-buckling strength A reserve of strength after buckling which is possessed by some thin-plate elements.
Preloaded bolts High-strength bolts used in friction-grip joints.
Purlin A horizontal member between main beams which supports roof sheeting. Residual stresses The stresses in an unloaded member caused by non-uniform plastic deformation or by uneven cooling after rolling, flame cutting, or welding.
Rigid frame A frame with rigid connections between members.
Second-order analysis An analysis in which equilibrium is formulated for the deformed position of the structure, so that the moments caused by the products of the loads and deflections are included.
Semi-compact section A section which can reach the yield stress, but which does not have sufficient resistance to inelastic local buckling to allow it to reach or to maintain the full plastic moment while a plastic mechanism is forming.
Semi-rigid frame A frame with semi-rigid connections between members.
Service loads The design loads appropriate for the serviceability limit state.
Shear center The point in the cross-section of a beam through which the resultant transverse force must act if the beam is not to twist.
Simple frame A frame for which the joints may be assumed not to transmit moments. Slender section A section which does not have sufficient resistance to local buckling to allow it to reach the yield stress.
Squash load The value of the compressive axial load which will cause yielding throughout a short member.
Stiffener A plate or section attached to a web to strengthen a member.
Strain-hardening A stress–strain state which occurs at stresses which are greater than the yield stress.
Strength limit state The state of collapse or loss of structural integrity.
Tangent modulus The slope of the inelastic stress–strain curve which is used to predict buckling of inelastic members under increasing load.
Tensile strength The maximum nominal stress which can be reached in tension. Tension field A mode of shear transfer in the thin web of a stiffened plate girder which occurs after elastic local buckling takes place. In this mode, the tension diagonal of each stiffened panel behaves in the same way as does the diagonal tension member of a parallel chord truss.
Tension member A member which supports axial tension loads.
Torsional buckling A mode of buckling in which a member twists.
Uniform torque That part of the total torque which is associated with the rate of change of the angle of twist of the member. Referred to as St Venant torque. Uniform torsion The special state of torsion in which the angle of twist of the member varies linearly. Referred to as St Venant torsion.
Warping A mode of deformation in which plane cross-sections do not remain in plane.
Warping torque The other part of the total torque (than the uniform torque). This only occurs during non-uniform torsion, and is associated with changes in the warping of the cross-sections.
Yield strength The average stress during yielding when significant straining takes place. Usually, the minimum yield strength in tension specified for the particular steel.
(同义词专栏)100个最常用英语单词的替换词
1. think 认为，思考 = take...into consideration, consider, ponder, meditate, contemplate, think over, reflect on/upon. 2. decide ：断定 = come to the conclusion, arrive at the conclusion, draw the conclusion, conclude, judge, assert, wind up. 3. get: 得到 = acquire, obtain, attain, reap ， earn, gain, procure 4. support: 支持 = approve of, in favor of ,uphold, stand by one's side, agree with, give ones' assent ，advocate, recommend 5. say no to: 反对 = oppose, object to, be against ，resist, boycott 6. important: 重要的 = far-reaching, profound, significant, eventful ，key, essential, fundamental, crucial, decisive, vial, substantial ，play an important part in ``` 7. use: 使用 = optimize, make best/full use of ，employ, utilize ，apply 8. glad, happy: 高兴的 = be in a good mood, cheerful, joyful, joyous, pleased, delighted 9. hard-working: 勤奋的 = diligent, studious, industrious 10. serious:认真的 = conscientious, cautious 11. calm:平静的 = sober, reasonable, sensible, rational 12. clever:聪明的 = intelligent, bright, wise, brilliant, smart, ingenious 13. tired ：累的 = exhausted, fatigued, run-down, worn-out, weary 14. be used to : 适应 = be adapted to, be accustomed to , be adjusted to 15. stop:阻止 = hinder, curb, hamper, restrain, prevent, ward off, avoid 16. 好处：good side 坏处：bad side 好处，优点：advantage, merit, benefit 坏处，缺点：disadvantage, defect, flaw, drawback, deficiency 、管路敷设技术通过管线不仅可以解决吊顶层配置不规范高中资料试卷问题，而且可保障各类管路习题到位。在管路敷设过程中，要加强看护关于管路高中资料试卷连接管口处理高中资料试卷弯扁度固定盒位置保护层防腐跨接地线弯曲半径标等，要求技术交底。管线敷设技术中包含线槽、管架等多项方式，为解决高中语文电气课件中管壁薄、接口不严等问题，合理利用管线敷设技术。线缆敷设原则：在分线盒处，当不同电压回路交叉时，应采用金属隔板进行隔开处理；同一线槽内强电回路须同时切断习题电源，线缆敷设完毕，要进行检查和检测处理。、电气课件中调试对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行 高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料试卷相互作用与相互关系，根据生产工艺高中资料试卷要求，对电气设备进行空载与带负荷下高中资料试卷调控试验；对设备进行调整使其在正常工况下与过度工作下都可以正常工作；对于继电保护进行整核对定值，审核与校对图纸，编写复杂设备与装置高中资料试卷调试方案，编写重要设备高中资料试卷试验方案以及系统启动方案；对整套启动过程中高中资料试卷电气设备进行调试工作并且进行过关运行高中资料试卷技术指导。对于调试过程中高中资料试卷技术问题，作为调试人员，需要在事前掌握图纸资料、设备制造厂家出具高中资料试卷试验报告与相关技术资料，并且了解现场设备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况 ，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。 、电气设备调试高中资料试卷技术电力保护装置调试技术，电力保护高中资料试卷配置技术是指机组在进行继电保护高中资料试卷总体配置时，需要在最大限度内来确保机组高中资料试卷安全，并且尽可能地缩小故障高中资料试卷破坏范围，或者对某些异常高中资料试卷工况进行自动处理，尤其要避免错误高中资料试卷保护装置动作，并且拒绝动作，来避免不必要高中资料试卷突然停机。因此，电力高中资料试卷保护装置调试技术，要求电力保护装置做到准确灵活。对于差动保护装置高中资料试卷调试技术是指发电机一变压器组在发生内部故障时，需要进行外部电源高中资料试卷切除从而采用高中资料试卷主要保护装置。
小学生英语单词近义词大全
小学生英语单词近义词大全 1. 大： big--- large 2. 照片：picture ---photo 3.厕所：toilet—WC 4.课程：class —lesson 5.每个人：everyone—everybody 6.每个人：glass —cup 7.钱包：purse— wallet 8.家：home—house 9.漂亮：beautiful—pretty 10.通常：usually—often 11.旁边：near —beside 12.花园：garden —park 13.桌子：desk —table 14.湖泊：river —lake 15.回家：go home —come home 16.刚才：amoment ago—just now 17.大量的：a lot of —lots of — many 18.擅长：be good at—do well in 19.当然：of course —sure
20.来自：befrom—come from 21.散步：take a walk —go for a walk 22.坐公交：take a bus—by bus 23.想要：would like —want 24.寻寻：look for— find 25.会：meeting---party 【篇二】 1. 自行车：bike---bicycle 2. 上：above ---on 3. 父亲：father---dad 4. 下：under---below 5. 晚上：evening ---night 6. 孩子： kid --- child 7. 说：speak--- talk/say 8. 欢乐：glad --- happy 9. 快：fast --- quick 10. 妈妈： mother ---- mum 11. 听：hear --- listen 12. 后面：below --- under 13. 看：see--- watch/look
同义词词汇表
同义词词汇表 写在前面的话 各位亲，你们都是优秀的，因为你们正在奋力实现自己的梦想。 当然，一路上你们需要劈荆斩棘，听说读写，各有难处。对于托福阅读来，难就难在词汇要求高。单词不是万能，但不背单词万万不能。阅读题目中约有1/4 是单词题，因此想要驾驭托福阅读，一定要搞定单词题。而且面对这些题目时，最好做到秒杀它，这样才能有余裕处理其它较复杂阅读题目。那么如何秒杀？我们先来了解一个事实：新托福考试自2005年问世以来，考重题的概率已经达到了惊人的程度，一些词汇题也多有重复。因此要想秒杀，我们可以事先牢记历史上考过的词汇。但不用紧张，这些词汇的总数并不多，而且大部分收录于本手册中，共计20页左右，供亲们短期强化记忆。路遥费马力，一鼓作气，再而竭，三而衰，建仪大家短期内过完一遍，然后重复重复再重复，在读文章中重复，在做题目中重复。如此操作，定能在词汇题上所向披靡！ 另外，除准备词汇题外，该手册还有一重要作用─准备同义替换。我们再了解一个事实：阅读题目的选项通常都是对原文某句话的同义改写，即同样的意思，不同的表达。因此，对于这种换了马甲的答案，我们一定要能洞穿其本质没变。如何洞穿？熟悉常见的同义替换词组就是一个好方法。但是对于一些词汇间的本质联系，亲们可能理解上有些困惑，若有此种情况，强烈建议使用美国的麦克米兰词典，该词典用2000左右的基础词汇解释了所有的高级词汇， 何其牛尔！ 最后建议在平日做题时，若有词汇题错误，或者理解错误，不妨纳入那手册，集中记忆，为熟手尔！手册中难免有纰漏，请大家当当啄木鸟，指正错误， 共同完善它。 期望大家托福阅读取得好成绩，托福取得好成绩！
A 1.absorb=take in=assimilate=incorporate（incorporate sth into sth）吸收 incorporate=embrace=include 包括（反义：exclude, rule out, remove, preclude）2.appealing=attractive=compelling=inviting=tempting=popular 吸引的 (appeal为名词时=popularity；beckon= attract 吸引) 3.absorbed=engrossed=fully engaged in 全神贯注=be not absent 4.abundant =abound with=a number of=do not lack=myriad of 大量的 5.accommodate=provide with=endow with 给予 6.accommodate to = adapt to=be accustomed to= 适应( gear 表示使适合) 7.accumulate=collect= build up= amass= gather 累积（增加）=increase (augment= increase 扩大) 8.adherent=advocate=supporter 支持者，拥护者 9.adjacent (to)=nearby=neighboring=adjoining 相邻的 10.advent=arrival=coming=introduction of sth 到来，引入 11.affair = event= occasion =matter=episode事情，事件 12.akin to=similar to=alike= analogous 相类似的（等于动词resemble） 13.allocate=distribute =designate 分配，指定钱或人如何使用 14.almost=nearly=virtually 几乎（程度之深） 15.aloft=overhead=above (在…上面) 16.alter=change=transform=fluctuate= be unstable 变化，不稳定（convert 使转变） be stable=do not change 17.anticipate= expect 期望，预料 18.antiseptic= sterilized=clean 无菌的，干净的 19.antithesis=oppose=disagree with= disapprove of 反对，不同意 20.apparent=obvious=evident明显A is made evident by B= B show A (in evidence=evident: It was early, and few pedestrians were in evidence on the city streets) 21.appreciable= noticeable=striking =conspicuous 显而易见的 22.approach= come closer to 靠近 23.approach= means= method=manner=avenue 方法, 方式 24.article=item=object 物品 25.assertion=strong statement 断言 26.as a rule=usually=generally 通常，一般来说 27.assorted=various 各种各样的 28.assist=benefit=help= aid=favor 对什么有好处或帮助( benefit 有时 =boon=favor, boon=something useful that brings great benefits and make your life easier) 29.attribute=characteristic=feature=trait=property=hallmark 特点，特征( 请注意： character表个性，人物；be c haracterized by…具有…的特点) 30.attribute to= ascribe to =accredit to=due to= owe to 归因于… －－－－--------------------------－－－－－－
英语中常见的同义词集锦
表示“需要”（v）的单词：need, require, involve ,entail 表示“意味着”的单词：mean, involve, entail 表示“宿舍”的单词：dormitory, quarters, lodgings 表示“住宿”的单词：accommodations, (a)lodging 表示“欺骗”（v）的单词：cheat, deceive, trick, fool 表示“渴望”(v)的单词和词组：desire, yearn for/after, long for, thirst for，aspire to do sth, look forward to doing sth, keen on/about doing sth, keen to do sth, keen that, have an urge to do sth（具有做某事的强烈欲望，非常想做某事，形容极度渴望）表示“同情”(v)的词组：sympathize with, yearn for, feel sympathy for 表示“重要的”的单词：important, crucial, vital, essential, integral, indispensable, significant 表示“参加，从事”的词组：take part in, join(in),participate in, involve sb in （主动, 其被动形式为sb be involved in）, sb be engaged in=sb be employed in 表示“能力”的单词： ability和 capability（主要用于人）talent（只用于人）, competence, capacity(可用于人或物), faculty 表示“想象”（v）的单词和词组：imagine, fancy, fantasy，envisage(英)=envision(美) conceive of 表示“包含（v）”的单词和词组：include, involve, comprehend, inclusive of, embrace, embody, comprise, contain（实际包含的量）,encompass 表示“能容纳”的词组：can hold/accommodate 表示“表现，体现”(v)的单词：render, reflect, display, indicate, manifest, embody 表示“导致，引起(v)”的单词和词组：render, entail, lead to, result in, bring about, cause, trigger=prompt(诱发)，pose(本义为造成问题或危机) 表示“强大的，强有力的”的单词和词组：powerful, mighty, potent, strong 表示“（感觉等）敏锐的，灵敏的”的单词：keen, acute（首选这两个词）perceptive 表示“提供”的单词和词组：provide/supply sb with sth=provide/supply sth for sb=render/offer sb sth, contribute sth to sth 表示“忙于……,埋头于……”的单词和词组:be buried in, be employed in, be engaged in, sb be immersed in=immerse oneself in 表示“致力于”的词组：devote oneself to =dedicate oneself to, sb be devoted to=sb be dedicated to 表示“表现，体现”(v)的单词：render, reflect, manifest, characterize 表示“显示，表明”(v)的单词：show, suggest, indicate, reflect, reveal,（首选这三个词）emerge 表示“证明”(v)的单词：validate, demonstrate, verify, confirm，prove 表示“证实(v)”的单词：affirm,confirm, prove 表示“说明，阐释(v)”的单词：explain, illustrate, elaborate 表示“持续不断的”的单词：continual,continuous, incessant 表示“（计划，规定等）被实施，生效”的词组有come into effect/force, be implemented, be put into effect/execution, be carried into execution=be put in/into execution 表示“意识到+从句”的词组：know+that从句 realize+that从句 be/become aware of the fact+ that从句 be conscious+that 从句 表示“阻止，阻碍”(v)的单词或词组：prevent/inhibit/hinder sb from doing sth, impede sb to do sth, hamper sb in doing sth
英语常见单词同义词
As/so far as +sb+be concerned 就谁而言Shallow a肤浅的=superficial Allow for 考虑到 Invention n发明 Line up awith b 对准 Level off 保持稳定 On the level 真诚 Do ones level best 做到最好 Effortless 不费力的 Infer v 推导 Inferiority n 劣势 Superior a 杰出性 Inferior a低等的 Inference n推理推导 Defer to服从于有to Deference n 服从听话 Deduce v 演绎 Induce v诱发 Inducement n不好的事情原因 Conclusion n 结论 Professionalize v职业化 ize什么化Professionalization 专业化 Professionalism n职业水准 Suppose =provided 倘若 Provision=agreement 条款 Supply n 补给品 Physically challenged 残疾人 Unchallenged a不成问题的 Mass-market label 大众商标 Mass-figure 大数据 Anticipate 预测 Precisely 精确的 Productive a富有成效的多产的 Productivity potential 生产潜力 Only 句首引起倒装 In turn 回报 State 州复数是国家 Fearsome 可怕 Agenda 日程 In businesses of every variety 各行各业Left，被动分词后面的名词 which is 省略了Put right 解决 Curb=control over 控制 Rationalization of exploitation 剥削合理化
含近义词词语大全
含近义词词语大全 含近义词词语大全 近义词，是指词汇意义相同或相近的词语，如“美好”和“美妙”、“懒惰”和“怠惰”、“枯萎”和“干枯”、“宽敞”和“宽阔”。与“近义词”意思相近的词为同义词。 含近义词词语大全(一) 层峦叠嶂心烦意乱崇山峻岭奇形怪状惊涛骇浪 装模作样摇头晃脑文丛字顺改朝换代通风报信 能说会道甜言蜜语分门别类追根究底虚情假意 幸灾乐祸通情达理丰功伟绩歪门邪道生擒活捉 离乡背井豪言壮语汪洋大海琼浆玉液斩尽杀绝 深思熟虑真凭实据灵丹妙药凶神恶煞心满意足 街头巷议翻山越岭精雕细刻生拉硬扯琼楼玉宇
风言风语全心全意必恭必敬呆头呆脑多才多艺 独来独往暴饮暴食非亲非故怪模怪样诚惶诚恐 敢作敢为古色古香戒骄戒躁尽善尽美见仁见智 克勤克俭疑神疑鬼偏听偏信倾国倾城群策群力 如痴如醉如火如荼任劳任怨十全十美土生土长 同心同德先知先觉各种各样载歌载舞无忧无虑 无边无际无影无踪不卑不亢不慌不忙不屈不挠 不伦不类自吹自擂一朝一夕一针一线五湖四海 朝三暮四四分五裂丢三落四四平八稳五颜六色 七拼八凑七嘴八舌五光十色千娇百媚千呼万唤 千丝万缕千头万绪千军万马千真万确千差万别
千变万化前因后果千山万水东倒西歪南征北战 含近义词词语大全(二) 安魂定魄：魂、魄：人的.灵气、精神。指使人心安定。 卑身贱体：①谓俭约勤苦。②弯腰俯首，屈从奉迎。 察颜观色：观察别人的脸色，以揣摩其心意。 赤身裸体：赤：光着。大部分身体或全身裸露。 道尽途穷：道、途：路。走到路的尽头。形容无路可走，面临末日。 丢魂失魄：形容非常惊慌，没头脑，无主见。 斗怪争奇：指以奇怪取胜。：含近义词的成语 端本正源：端：端正，清理。本：根本。源：根源。指从根本上加以整顿清理。 关门闭户：门户都关闭起来。形容冷清寥落。 喊冤叫屈：为遭受冤屈而喊叫。 呼朋唤友：指招引意气相投的人。 秽言污语：指粗俗下流、不堪入耳的话。 积年累岁：指经过的时间长。同“积年累月”。 家家户户：每家每户。指所有的人家。 街号巷哭：号哭于大街小巷。形容悲痛至极。 街谈巷说：大街小巷里人们的议论。指民间的舆论。同“街谈巷议”。
2017英语词汇近义词分类整理
高考英语近义词（分类）整理 动词类： 1“看” look看的动作/ see看的结果; watch观察/observe为了研究进行的观察; Notice注意catch sight of看见 / stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看 Glance瞅见/glimpse瞥见 see a film watch TV 2“说” tell sth tosb.=tell sb sth告诉的内容 talk with sbabout sth 强调说话者之间的交流Say sth诉说的内容 speak in English说的语言whisper sth to sb 耳语 Inform sb of sth 通知某人某事 reason/talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 bargain讨价还价 chat聊 天 repeat重复 explain解释 warn警告remind提 醒Discuss 讨论debate辩论 figure指出declare宣布claim 自称mention 提起 admit 承认deny 否绝describe描 述announce 公布introduce 介绍complain抱怨 3“叫” cry哭叫 call叫 shout大喊 scream尖叫 moan呻吟 sigh 叹气quarrel大吵 4“问” ask 询问interview 采访express表达 question审问 5“答” answer回答 respond回应(用其他方式回应) reply回复 6 “听” listen to听的动作 hear听的结果 pick up收听 overhear 无意听到 7“写” dictate听写 write sth 写describe描写 drop a line 写信draw画 take down/write down写下，记下 8“拿/放” take拿走 bring拿来 hold举着 carry扛，挑（无方向性）fetch拿来拿去 lift举 put放lay 铺/放置 pull 拉/push推 9“抓” take hold of 抓着seize紧抓 grasp 握住 scratch 抠10“打” hit一次性的打击 beat不间断的打击 strike突然的击打/突然想到 blow吹刮 attack攻击 11“扔” throw扔 drop掉放弃错过fall 倒下无意掉下来wave 招手shake摇 12“送” send寄送 deliver递送 give给 offer 主动给予see off 给某人送行 13“摸/抱” touch摸/fold折叠 /embrace拥抱/ hug抱/hold 握 in one’s arms 14“踢/碰” kick踢/knock敲/ tip 轻敲
英文同义词替换大全
同义词替换大全 Cambridge4TEST1 1.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not ta ke any notice忽略，无视v. 2.encounter=face=confront=meet 遇见，遭遇v. 3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n. 4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj. 5.change=modify(modification)改变v. 6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n. 7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into调查v. 8.where=geographical location表地点 9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj. 10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n. 11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v. 12.newspapers,television=media媒体n. 13.where to live=habitat居住地n. 14.get warmer=global warming变暖n. 15.contribute to=play a part有助于v. 16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v. 17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n. 18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.
同义词高频词汇
同义词高频词汇 1优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 2 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness 3解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle 4损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize 5给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford 6培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster 7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle，confuse 8 重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative 9 认为：Consider, reckon, think, believe, insist,maintain, assert,
conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced， 10 保护：Protect, conserve, preserve 11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge 12 有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental 13 要求：Request, demand, needs,requisition 14 消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away，eradicate 15 导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate 16 因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a
同义词单词大全
同义词单词大全 引导语：同义词是指意义相同的一组词语，可以分为等义词和近义词两种。下面是小编为你带来的同义词单词大全，希望对你有所帮助。 1.important =crucial (extremely important)，significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) 2. common=universal，ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous， it seems to be everywhere) 3. abundant=ample(enough and usually extra)，plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) 4. stick=adhere， cling(hold on something tightly) 5. neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) 6. near=adjacent(twothings next to each other)，adjoin(the same as adjacent) 7. pursue=woo(man woos woman， old-fashioned)， seek(if you seek sth， you try to obtain it. FORMAL) 8. accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details)， exact(correct in every detail)
常见英语单词替换词同义词集锦
A: absorb=appeal absorbed by=compensate for absorbed=engrossed abundant=plentiful accommodate=provide for accomplished=achieved accumulate=collect accumulation=collection accurately=correctly address=speech adjacent=nearby advent=arrival affair=matter akin to=similar allied with=link to allocate=designate allocated=designated almost=nearly aloft=overhead alter=change although=but altogether=completely amenity=pleasant
ample<->limited ample=plentiful antiseptic=clean antithesis=oppose apparent=obvious appreciable increase =noticeable increase appreciable=noticeable ardent(热情的)=enthusiastic argue=debate article=item articulate=formulate 阐明 as well as=in addition to assertion=strong statement assistance=benefit assume=take on 呈现 astute=agile astute=agile(机敏的，狡猾的) astute=clever at random=not planning attribute=characteristic avid=enthusiastic avid=eager渴望的 －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ B:
常见英语词汇同义词辨析大全
常见英语词汇同义词辨析大全 face, confront 这两个动词均含“面对”之意。 face〓口语用词，含义广，侧重有勇气、决心或自信心去面对。 confront〓书面用词，多指勇敢、冷静地面临某种问题、困难或任务等。 factory, mill, plant, works 这些名词都有“工厂”之意。 factory〓最普通用词，可泛指任何制造产品的地方。 mill〓原义指粮食加工厂。现多指轻工业类的工厂。 plant〓多指电力或机械制造方面的工厂。 works〓多指钢铁等重工业方面的工厂，也指一些特定的厂。 fade, wither 这两个动词都有“凋谢”之意。 fade〓侧重指渐渐失去色彩和光泽。 wither〓指因无活力而丧失生命力。 faithful, loyal, constant, true 这些形容词均含有“忠实的”之意。 faithful〓多指对人对事或对诺言、誓言的始终不渝，侧重在任何情况下都绝不改变。loyal〓一般指对祖国、领袖的忠诚或对事业、原则、誓言的忠实，不动摇。 constant〓侧重指思想状态的稳定或信念的坚定，也指爱情或感情等的忠贞不渝。true〓侧重个人感情上的忠实和不动摇。 fair, market 这两个名词均有“集市，市场”之意。 fair〓一般指在乡村小镇定期举行的买卖牛羊或农产品等的集市。现引申指国际性的博览会、交易会等。 market〓指人们购买货品的地方，经常出售商品的市场。 fairly, pretty, quite, rather 这些程度副词都有“相当，颇”之意。 fairly〓语意最弱，多用于褒义，表示适度地、尚可的意思。不可与too或比较级连用。pretty〓用法与rather相似。常用于非正式文体。 quite含义比fairly稍强，与不定冠词连用时，一般放在不定冠词之前。 rather语气比quite强，褒意贬意无可使用。可与too和比较级连用。 fake, false 这两个形容词都含有“假的”之意。 fake〓指某物不是真的。 false〓指说明某物与真的相像，强调看上去像真的，不一定用作冒充、谎骗。
(同义词专栏)100个最常用英语单词的替换词
100个最常用英语单词的替换词 1. think认为，思考= take...into consideration, consider, ponder, meditate, contemplate, think over, reflect on/upon. 2. decide：断定= come to the conclusion, arrive at the conclusion, draw the conclusion, conclude, judge, assert, wind up. 3. get: 得到= acquire, obtain, attain, reap，earn, gain, procure 4. support: 支持= approve of, in favor of ,uphold, stand by one's side, agree with, give ones' assent，advocate, recommend 5. say no to: 反对= oppose, object to, be against，resist, boycott 6. important: 重要的= far-reaching, profound, significant, eventful，key, essential, fundamental, crucial, decisive, vial, substantial，play an important part in ``` 7. use: 使用= optimize, make best/full use of ，employ, utilize，apply 8. glad, happy: 高兴的= be in a good mood, cheerful, joyful, joyous, pleased, delighted 9. hard-working: 勤奋的= diligent, studious, industrious 10. serious:认真的= conscientious, cautious 11. calm:平静的= sober, reasonable, sensible, rational 12. clever:聪明的= intelligent, bright, wise, brilliant, smart, ingenious 13. tired：累的= exhausted, fatigued, run-down, worn-out, weary 14. be used to : 适应= be adapted to, be accustomed to , be adjusted to 15. stop:阻止= hinder, curb, hamper, restrain, prevent, ward off, avoid 16. 好处：good side 坏处：bad side 好处，优点：advantage, merit, benefit 坏处，缺点：disadvantage, defect, flaw, drawback, deficiency
词汇同义词
词汇同义词 【A】abandon –give up 放弃abide by——stick to 坚持, 遵守an abundant——a plentiful 丰富的, 充裕的, 丰富abandoned——given up 被抛弃的, 自甘堕落的, a branch——a division 枝, 分枝, 分部, 分科, 部门, abnormal——unusual 反常的, 变态的abrupt——sudden 突然的, 陡峭的, 生硬的abide by ---stick to （坚持，遵循）abided by——adhered to 坚持, 遵守accidentally –by chance –by accident 偶然achieved——attained 完成, 达到accelerate——step up 加速, 促进accumulate ——collect –gather 积聚, 堆积account for——explain 说明, 占, 解决, 得分accused of——charged with 控告, 谴责, 非难accelerate–speed up –step up –pick up 加速account for –explain 解释accumulate –gather –collect 积聚，积累adverse——unfavorable 不利的, 敌对的, 相反的adequate –enough –ample (A 级) –plenty of –sufficient 充足的adequate –competent –qualified 胜任的adverse–unfavorable 不利的，相反的admit –acknowledge 承认adhere to---follow 遵守、坚持advisable---wise（聪明的）affect –influence –impact 影响aim—goal 目标alleviated ——lessened 使( 痛苦等) 易于忍受, 减轻allocated——assigned / distributed 分派, 分配allocate——assign 分派, 分配allow –permit 允许allocate –assign –distribute 分配alleviate (–relieve -- lessen 减轻，减少ample—enough 足够的annoying——irritating 恼人的, 讨厌的an improved——a better 改善, 改进be anxious to do …---- be eager to do…--be keen to ….渴望…anyhow——anyway 无论如何, 总之annoy –irritate 使生气annoying –irritating 讨厌的，令人生气的appealing –attractive --fascinating 吸引人的appeal to -- tempt –attract –fascinate (A 级) 吸引appalling——dreadful 令人震惊的, 骇人听闻的arrive at –reach –get to 到达arouses——excites 成列地, 持续地area –field 领域area –region 区域assignment –task 任务assembled——gathered 装配,组合astonish—surprise 惊讶asserted——stated firmly 宣称的(尚待证实的)的assume –suppose 假定assign –distribute 分配as a result –in consequence 结果attended to——waited on 出席者,参加者,在场者at once --- immediately 马上at stake -- in danger –in distress 处于危险之中attend --- go to 出席，照顾authentically ——genuinely 确实地, 真正地at stake——in danger 危如累卵, 危险【B】ban——forbid 禁止, 取缔barren——bare 不生育的,贫瘠的, 没有结果的beautiful –pretty –attractive –lovely -handsome 美丽的bearing——influence 轴承, 关系, 方面, 意义, behavior –conduct 行为believable –convincing -- credible (B 级) 可信的boring –dull -- uninteresting 令人厌烦的be bordering on—be cl ose to 在….边上branch –division 部门breaks——beats 打破, 违犯, 折断, 削弱, 超过blend——mix 混和(或admix) 【C】cause –bring about 造成called off——cancelled 呼叫, 召集, 称呼capabilities ——abilities ( 实际) 能力, 性能call off –cancel 取消cater for——meet 供应伙食, 迎合cater for –