Lecture Notes_U8

Unit Eight: Intercultural Communication

Word Bank

stamp vt. bring the foot or feet down hard; step with force 跺脚；用力踩

clap vt. bring (your open hands) together with a quick movement and loud sound, especially to show approval of a performance 拍（手）；鼓掌

immodest a.fml showing or tending to express a high opinion of oneself and one’s abilities, perhaps higher than is really deserved 〖正式〗傲慢的，不谦虚的

pat vt. touch or strike gently and repeatedly with the flat hand or a flat object, often to show friendliness, sympathy, etc. （用手或扁平物）轻拍，轻打（表示友好、同情等）

insult vt. be rude to or treat with lack of respect; offend 侮辱；冒犯

rotate vi. (cause to) turn round a fixed point or axis （使）旋转，转动

Bulgaria n. 保加利亚

cause offence to sb.得罪某人

Thailander n. 泰国人

Good Usage （Para. 1）

an occupational disease

Good Usage （Para. 2）results from

social intercourse

the thousand and one ways orient ourselves to

make purchases

take statements seriously

facial expressions

in the course of

Good Usage （Para. 3）

a fish out of water

a feeling of frustration and anxiety assumes a tremendous importance bring one back to reality

Good Usage （Para. 4）

in an effort to

get over culture shock

a physical environment

is not born with culture

built up

are beyond his awareness

by means of adapt themselves to

a way of life

Good Usage （Para.5）

identify themselves with

to the extent that

Along with this attitude goes the tendency to enter into the criticism

Good Usage （Para. 6）

cultural background

an alien environment

Good Usage （Para.7）

the principal symbol system of communication carry on a friendly conversation with

gain confidence and a feeling of power opens up

Good Usage （Paras.8-9）

allocate their time and money

share in their responses

a religious ritual

some economic activity

as such

at times

role playing

Key Words and Expressions for Text A

transplant vt. [(from, to)] move from one place and settle elsewhere [常与from或to连用]迁移，使移居

e.g. 1. The factory where my parents used to work was transplanted from Shanghai to Xi’an in the early

1960’s.

2. A group of farmers were transplanted to the island by the government.

一批农民被政府迁到这个岛上居住。

abroad adv. to or in another country or countries 到国外；在国外

e.g. 1. He has decided to go abroad to pursue further study after graduating from our university.

2. She remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad.

她仍然强烈反对移居国外。

result from happen as an effect or result of (作为……之结果而)发生，产生；是……的结果

e.g. 1. Many illnesses result from lack of exercise.

2. Earthquakes can result from stresses in the earth's crust.

地壳内的应力可能引起地震。

orient oneself (to) make oneself familiar with (a new situation) 使自己熟悉（新情况）

e.g. 1. You will need some time to orient yourself to the new way of teaching and learning here.

2. The freshman took a while to orient himself.

那位大学新生花了一段时间才熟悉了环境。

a fish out of water sb. who is uncomfortable; sb. who is at a disadvantage 不得其所的人；与环境不合的人

e.g. 1. She can’t take care of hersel

f. She’ll be like a fish out of water if she leaves her parents.

2. With my working-class background I feel like a fish out of water among these high-society people.

我出身于工人阶级，在上流社会中感到很不自在。

reject vt. refuse to accept, consider, or use 拒绝（接受）

e.g. 1. He was rejected by the army because of his poor eyesight.

2. He was afraid she would reject him because he was a foreigner.

他担心她会因他不是本国人而拒绝他。

CF: refuse, decline, reject, repel, deny

这些动词均含“拒绝”之意。

refuse语气较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑地拒绝。

decline指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等。

reject多指由于某物、某事、某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝。

repel作“拒绝”解时，语气比reject强。

deny指坚决地拒绝接受、给予或承认。

tremendous a. very great in size, amount, or degree （体积、数量或程度上）极大的，巨大的

e.g. 1. Your advice has been a tremendous help to us. Thank you very much.

2. He finished his speech amid tremendous applause.

他在雷鸣般的掌声中结束了演讲。

CF: huge, enormous, immense, giant, vast, massive, tremendous

这些形容词均有“巨大的，庞大的”之意。

huge含义广，强调体积或容积的庞大。也可用于引申意义。

enormous指体积、数量或程度远远超过一般标准。

immense正式用词，侧重空间的广阔，也指面积或分量的巨大。

giant非正式用词，多为褒义。指如巨人般的庞大体积。

vast多指空间、面积、范围的巨大，不涉及重量。

massive指大的体积、数量和重量，侧重庞大而笨重。

tremendous指某物很大，大得惊人；也可用作引申意义。

get over find a way to deal with 克服，战胜（困难等）

e.g. 1. Jenny hasn’t got over her fear of flying yet, so she prefers to go there by train.

2. He can't get over his shyness.

他无法克服羞怯。

dictate vt. [(to)] state (demands, conditions, etc.) with the power to enforce them [常与to连用]命令；（权威性地）要求

e.g. 1. We're now in a position to dictate our own demands.

2. No one is going to dictate to me where to live!

谁也不能命令我非住哪儿不可!

transmit vt. [(to)] send or pass from one person, place, or thing to another [常与to连用]传递，传输；传染，传播

e.g. 1. It is believed that the infection is transmitted by mosquitoes.

2. The roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches.

根将水分和养料输送到干和枝。

CF: send, deliver, dispatch, forward, ship, transmit

这些动词均含“送出，发送，传送”之意。

send普通最常用词，含义广。指把人或物由一地送往另一地，而不涉及事物的内容或送的方式。

deliver指把信件、包裹等物寄发出去或交到某地，或直接交与某人，着重发送这一行为。

dispatch指为特殊目的而发送或派遣，强调紧急或快速。

forward指经过其他人或手段把东西转送给某人。

ship把通过水运、陆运或空运等方式运送东西。现常指商业上的运货，或将物品托运。

transmit指将文件、消息等的内容或类似的东西发至某地或传达给他人。

build up (cause to) increase, develop, or become gradually larger 增加；扩大；加强

e.g. 1. I noticed that anger was building up in him, so I tried to calm him down.

2. The facts added together to build up a theory which was indisputable.

这些事实汇集在一起足以构成一条不容置疑的理论。

by means of by using 使用，应用

e.g. 1. I am in touch with my parents mostly by means of making phone calls.

2. The water may be carried by means of a pipe.

水可以用管子输送。

identify oneself / sb. with sb. / sth. support or feel closely connected with sb./sth. 与某人/某事物密切关联，和……打成一片

e.g. 1. Unlike other football fans who support only one team, he identifies himself with several teams.

2. The candidates all want to identify themselves with reform.

候选人都想把自己与改革密切联系起来。

tendency n. [(to, towards)] a natural likelihood of developing, thinking, or behaving in a particular way [常与to或towards连用]自然倾向

e.g. 1. Like her parents, she has a tendency to get fat.

2. He has a tendency to oversell himself.

他爱自我吹嘘。

CF: trend, tendency, current

这些名词均含“趋势，倾向”之意。

trend指事物发展总的方向、倾向或趋势。

tendency指固有或习得的倾向性，强调没有外来的影响或干扰。

current指向某一方面发展或在趋向中行动。

enter into fml begin to take part in formally 〖正式〗开始参与

e.g. 1. Alan entered into business as soon as he graduated from business school.

2. China will not enter into alliance with any big power.

中国不同任何大国结盟。

open up (cause to) spread or unfold （使）打开，展开

e.g. 1. As soon as we passed through the woods, we found that a road opened up before us.

2. It was also felt that the collapse of the system opened up new possibilities.

人们也认为这一制度的崩溃带来了各种新的可能性。

as such properly so named; in the exact meaning of the stated thing 就某个词的词义而言；按其准确意义来说

e.g. 1. He is the author of the article, but he doesn’t want to be known as such.

2. On farms the fox is considered vermin and treated as such.

在农场里狐狸被当成有害动物来对待。

Text B

Section A Key Words and Expressions

Key Words:

delay vt. proof n. slice vt. & vi. splash n.

funeral n. slippery a. decline vt. tender a.

burst vi. flavor n.familiarity n.

delay vt. move to a later time 推迟，使延期

e.g. 1. Many flights were delayed because of heavy fog.

2. We decided to delay our holiday until next month.

我们决定将休假延至下个月。

proof n. [C; U (of)] (a) way of showing that sth. is true; facts, information, documents, etc., that prove sth. [常与of连用]证明；证据

e.g. 1. Have you got any proof to show that you are the owner of this car?

2. Economists have been concerned with establishing proofs for their arguments.

经济学家一直致力于为他们的观点寻找证据。

slice vi. & vt. [(up)] cut into thin flat pieces; cut sth. easily with a or as if with a sharp blade [常与up连用]把……切成薄片；可切成薄片；切开，划破

e.g. 1. She sliced up the cake and gave each child a piece.

2. When you slice an onion, it makes your eyes sting.

切洋葱辣眼睛。

splash n. a mark made by splashing 溅污的斑点

e.g. 1. There was a big splash of ink on the desk. It took me quite a while to clean it of

f.

2. There's a splash of paint on the white wall.

白墙上溅上了一片油漆。

funeral n. a ceremony, usu. religious, of burying or burning a dead person （一般为宗教的）葬礼；追悼仪式

e.g. 1. The old lady’s funeral was held at the local church.

2. He was given a state funeral.

为他举行了国葬。

slippery a. difficult to hold or to stand on, drive on, etc., because it is smooth, wet or polished滑的，滑溜的

e.g. 1. The floor has just been washed; it is still rather slippery.

2. Mind out, the steps are slippery!

注意，台阶很滑！

decline vt. refuse (a request or offer), usu. politely; express unwillingness 婉拒，婉言谢绝

e.g. 1. We invited them to come to our party, but they declined the offer.

2. I appreciate your kindness but must decline the offer.

雅意心领。

tender a. easy to bite through; soft 嫩的；软的

e.g. 1. The meat is quite tender now; you don’t need to cook it any longer.

2. As spring approaches, the trees begin to send forth tender buds.

春天一近，树上长出了嫩叶。

burst vi. break open or apart suddenly and violently, esp. because of pressure from inside 胀破；爆破；破裂

e.g. 1. The balloon will burst if you blow it up any more.

2. The driver lost control when a tyre burst.

一个车胎爆了，司机失去了控制。

flavor n. [C] AmE a taste; a quality that only the tongue can experience; [U] the quality of tasting good or pleasantly strong 〖美〗味，味道；滋味

e.g. 1. This dish has a strong flavour of onion.

2. I think the flavor of fresh strawberries is out of this world.

我认为新鲜草莓的味道鲜美无比。

familiarity n. [U+with] the freedom of behaviour usu. only expected in the most friendly relations; [(with)] thorough knowledge (of) 亲昵，亲密，亲切；[常与with连用]通晓，精通

e.g. 1. They greeted each other with such familiarity that we thought they must be brother and sister.

2. Her familiarity with Japanese surprised me.

她对日语的熟谙使我惊奇。

Expressions:

win over from head to toe on the …side hold one’s breath

win over gain the support of, often by persuading （常指通过说服）赢得……的支持，说服

e.g. 1. We failed to win him over to our side; he would identify himself with our rivals.

2. He has won over a significant number of the left-wing deputies.

他争取到了相当数量的左翼代表的支持。

from head to toe over the whole length of one’s body; completely 从头至尾；全部地

e.g. 1. At the funeral, everyone was dressed in black from head to toe.

2. She plastered herself from head to toe in high factor sun lotion.

她给自己从头到脚都抹上了强效防晒露。

on the … side infml rather; too 〖非正式〗颇为……，有点……

e.g. 1. I’m afraid this shirt is on the small side for me.

2. I like the house but I think the price is on the high side.

我喜欢这幢房子，但价格太高了些。

hold one’s breath stop breathing for a short time (e.g. from fear or excitement or during a medical examination) 暂时屏住呼吸（如因恐惧、激动或体检时）

e.g. 1. The audience all held their breath as the athletes were rushing to the finish line.

2. We all held our breath till the bomb burst.

我们屏住呼吸直到炸弹爆炸。

Part V Enhance Your Language Awareness

Section A Useful Expressions

Useful Expressions from Text A Chinese Equivalences an occupational disease 职业病

social intercourse 社会交往

make purchases 购物

take sth. seriously 对……当真

facial expressions 面部表情

in the course of 在……过程中

a fish out of water 离水之鱼；不得其所的人

be broad-minded 心胸开阔

react to 对……做出反应

social institutions 社会风俗

adapt oneself to 使自己适应

associate with 和……打交道

to the extent that 到这样的程度以至于

an individual act 个人行为

carry on a conversation 进行交谈

a religious ritual 宗教仪式

Useful Expressions from Text B Chinese Equivalences after much thought 一番深思熟虑之后

come up with a brilliant plan 想出了一个妙计

from way back 多年以来

far better than 好得多

wait for the right moment 等着找机会

chop eggplant into small pieces 把茄子切成小块

secret ingredients 独家配料

shredded pork 肉末

forced smile 勉强挤出的笑容

study him from head to toe 把他从头到脚打量了个遍

a bit on the short side 个头不高

compactly built 长得结结实实

just for taste 只是尝尝

make a big show of 摆出大架势

serve with special pride 特别骄傲地端上这道菜easy familiarity 潇洒随意

电压比较器实验报告

85 专业：电气工程卓越 人才 姓名：卢倚平 学号： ________ 验 … 一 二、实验内容 五、思考题及实验心得 一、实验目的 了解电压比较器与运算放大器的性能区别: 二、实验数据记录、处理与分析 ①【过零电压比较器电路】 过零电压比较器是电压比较电路的基本结构，它可将交流信号转化为同频率 的双极性矩形波。常用于测量正弦波的频率相位等。当输入电压in< 输出out = 0L ；反之，当输入电压in N out 时，输出out = OH 。 实验仿真: 课程名称: 电路打电r 技术实於 指导老师: 周箭 成绩: 实验名称: 电压比较器及其应用 实验类型: 电子电路实验同组 学生姓名: 邓江毅 三、主要仪器设备 四、实验数据记录、处理与分析 一、实验目的 2. 举握电压比较器的结构及特点; 3. 掌握电压比较器电圧传输特性的测试方法: 4. 学习比较器在电路设计中的应用。

不疲器?5（￡C1I JS J 时同270.001ms 270.001 ms 0.000s JIf 「反向—] 通道 上 ?4.998 V -4.998 V 0.000 V 通道丿 -17.847V -17.847 V 0.000 V H as 12^1 时基_ 标度：10 msX）iv X轴位移（格）：0 通ilA 刻度： 20 VQ2 Y轴位移 （格）：0 通ilB ____ 刻度：5 VQiv Y轴位移 （榆：0 L保Q外触发 触发 边沿：SB 0回国] 水 平：0 ~ 实测实验记录: 由于时间不足，没有做过零比较器的相关实测 ②【基本单门限比较器电路】 单门限比较器的输入信号Vin接比较器的同相输入端，反相输入端接参考电 压Vref （门限电平）。当输入电压Vin>Vref 输出为高电平VOH:当输入电压Vin

(完整word版)主谓一致 详解 超详细

1、形式一致 主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式 2、语意一致 谓语动词用单数的清况 1）当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt． Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test． Ten miles seems like a long walk to me． 2 以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名，谓语动词用单数 以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。 这类单词有：economics经济学electronics电子学 physics物理学politics政治学 mathematics数学statistics统计学 Roots was a novel about a slave family． His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend． Politics is his favorite subject． Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce． Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn． 3) 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如：machinery(机械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(设备)，jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：My luggage was sent by air． The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain． 4) 不定式、现在分词和从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数： Playing with fire is dangerous． 注意：若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式 Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit． When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided． 主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定 What she said is correct．What he gave me are five English books． 谓语动词用复数的情况 1）由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如： Fire and water do not agree． 注意如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。

高中英语感叹句的七种基本句型

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1(b)那样，它的输出特性如图2(b)所示。VB>VA时，Vout输出饱和负电压。 如果输入电压VA与某一个固定不变的电压VB相比较，如图3(a)所示。此VB称为参考电压、基准电压或阈值电压。如果这参考电压是0V(地电平)，如图3(b)所示，它一般用作过零检测。 比较器的工作原理 比较器是由运算放大器发展而来的，比较器电路可以看作是运算放大器的一种应用电路。由于比较器电路应用较为广泛，所以开发出了专门的比较器集成电路。 图4(a)由运算放大器组成的差分放大器电路，输入电压VA经分压器R2、R3分压后接在同相端，VB通过输入电阻R1接在反相端，RF为反馈电阻，若不考虑输入失调电压，则其输出电压Vout与VA、VB及4个电阻的关系式为： Vout=(1+RF/R1)·R3/(R2+R3)VA-(RF/R1)VB。若R1=R2，R3=RF，则 Vout=RF/R1(VA-VB)，RF/R1为放大器的增益。当R1=R2=0(相当于R1、R2短路)，R3=RF=∞(相当于R3、RF开路)时，Vout=∞。增益成为无穷大，其电路图就形成图4(b)的样子，差分放大器处于开环状态，它就是比较器电路。实际上，运放处于开环状态时，其增益并非无穷大，而Vout输出是饱和电压，它小于正负电源电压，也不可能是无穷大。

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6. How + 主语＋谓语！例如：How she dances！（她跳舞跳得多好啊！）注意： what 和 how 引起的感叹句，在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。例如： How cold （ it is ）！ What a good girl！ What delicious fish！ 另一种答案 感叹句是英语的一种句型，用来表示人的强烈感情。一般说来，感叹句是由 what 或 how 开头的，句末用感叹句，朗读时用降调。它有两个类型，六种句式。 一、用 what 引导的感叹句有三种句式，此时， what 为形容词，用作定语，修饰它后面的名词或名词词组。 1. What +a / an + 形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！例如： What a fine day it is！（多么好的天气啊！） What an old building that is！（那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊！） 2. What + 形容词＋可数名词复数形式＋主语＋谓语！例如： What good teachers they are！（他们是多么好的老师啊！） What beautiful flowers these are！（这些是多么美丽的花啊！） 3. What + 形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！例如： What thick ice we are having here！（我们这儿的冰多厚啊！）

l主谓一致讲解最全面主谓一致讲解

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You were born to run. And we were born to help you do it better. 奔跑是你的天性，让你跑得更快是我们的天职。运用了多种修辞手法：重复、押头韵 Skin firming/toning agent 紧肤水/爽肤水成分 Coriander 芫荽、香菜Lavender 薰衣草 Adidas Sports Shoes Over twenty-eight years ago, adidas gave birth to a new idea in sports shoes. And the people who wear our shoes have been running and winning ever since. In fact, adidas has helped them set over 400 world records in track and field alone. Maybe that’s why more and more football, soccer, basketball, baseball and tennis players are turning to adidas. They know that, whatever their game, they can rely on adidas workmanship and quality in every product we make. So whether you are pounding the roads on a marathon, or just jogging around the block, adidas shall be on your feet. You were born to run. And we were born to help you do it better. You’ll find us anywhere smart sports people buy their shoes. Adidas, the all sports people. 阿迪达斯运动鞋 28年前，阿迪达斯为运动鞋注入了一种全新的理念，从此以后，脚穿阿迪的运动健儿风驰电掣、频频夺冠。事实上，仅在田径场上阿迪达斯就帮助人们创造了400多项世界记录。或许正因为如此，才有越来越多的足球、橄榄球、篮球、棒球和网球运动员青睐这个品牌。他们知道，无论从事哪项运动，他们都可以信赖阿迪达斯

主谓一致用法详细讲解40例

主谓一致详细讲解 1.由and所连接的两个名词指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 例如： Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery. Zhang Hua and Li Ming are good students. 注意:当两个主语为不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： A watch and chain was found on the desk. Bread and butter is nutritious. When and where this took place is still unknown. 注意：一身兼二职的情况：The writer and runner is attending the conference. 2. 由every…and every…, each…and each…, many a…and many a …, no ...and no…等构 成复合主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: Each man and each woman is invited.每个男人和女人都邀请了。 No boy and no girl is there now. 现在那里没有一个男孩和女孩。 Many a boy and many a girl has been invited.很多男孩和女孩都被邀请了。 In China every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在中国每个男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利。 3. 由or, not only... but also..., not…but…, either...or, neither...nor，whether……or……连接 主语时,谓语与靠近的主语一致，即就近一致的原则。例如： He or his brothers were to blame .Either you or I am mad. Are either you or I mad? Neither you nor he is right. Not only the teacher but also his family were friendly to me. 4. 当主语后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather than等词时,谓语动词根据前面的主语变化。例如： All but one were here just now. A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation. She as well as the other teachers is going t o Nanjing. 5. 某些词结尾字母为s, 但并不是复数形式,如: physics, maths , economics (经济学), politics, news…作主语时用单数形式。means, works(著作)单复同形。例如： Physics is very important. Every means has been tried. Every possible means has been used to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear . 6. 当一些由两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名称作主语时, 谓语用复数形式, 如: trousers , shorts, shoes, glasses, goods, clothes, chopsticks, scissors. 如果这些词由a pair, piece, kind , type ,box + of 修饰,则用单数形式.例如： My trousers are white and his clothes are black. A pair of shoes is lying here. These kinds of glasses are popular. 7.单复数同形的名词，如sheep, deer 等做主语时，应根据主语的单复数意义确定谓语动词 的形式。例如： A deer is over there. Some deer are over there . 8.population做主语时，通常看作单数，若population前有分数、百分数修饰时，则句子谓 语通常用复数。例如： The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas . 9. 复数名词, 如: people, police, public ,crew ,cattle作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。例如：The police like to help people. People are talking abou t the news .. The cattle are grazing in the fields . 10. 集体名词, 如: family ,crowd ,class ,team ,audience ,committee ,club, group ,enemy ,

感叹句讲解六中句型

、教学目标: 1.掌握感叹句的六种句式。 2.掌握如何将陈述句变为感叹句。二、教学重难点： 1.How与 what 引导感叹句的不同。 2.感叹句的省略。三、主要知识点： 1.感叹句的定义 用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句（exclamatory sentence）.感叹句句尾常用感叹号，亦可用句号，朗读时用降调，在口语中常用省略句，有时只用一个词或词组。如：Great ! How cold ! 2.感叹句的六种句式 一般说来，感叹句是由 what 或 how 开头的，它有两个类型，六种句式。掌握了它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。 1.用 what 引导的感叹句有三种句式，此时，what 为形容词，用作定语，修饰它后面的名词或名词词组（即感叹部分是名词性短语）。 1）. What +a / an + 形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ e.g.: What a fine day it is！多么好的天气啊！（辅音音素前用a） What an old building that is！那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊（元音音素前用an） 2）. What + 形容词＋可数名词复数形式＋主语＋谓语！ e.g.: What good teachers they are！他们是多么好的老师啊！ What beautiful flowers these are！这些是多么美丽的花啊！ 3). What + 形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ e.g.: What thick ice we are having here！我们这儿的冰多厚啊！ What round bread it is！这是一块多么圆的面包啊！ 2.用 how 开头的感叹句也有三种句式，此时， how 是副词，用作状语，修饰后面的形容词、副词或动词。 4). How ＋形容词＋主语＋谓语！（即谓语动词是连系动词） e.g.: How hot it is today！今天天气多热啊！ How beautiful the flowers are！这些花多么美丽啊！ 5). How ＋副词＋主语＋谓语！ e.g.: How hard he works！他工作多么努力啊！ How well she sings！她歌唱得多好啊！ 6). How + 主语＋谓语！（即谓语动词是行为动词） e.g.: How she dances！她跳舞跳得多好啊！ ★注意： what 和 how 引起的感叹句，在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。 e.g.: How cold （ it is ）！ What a good girl！ What delicious fish！（三）陈述句变感叹句全解 1.如何快速掌握感叹句？ 学会分析五种基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感叹句的关键，陈述句变感叹句实际上,就是句子成分位置的移动。 e.g.: She is smiling sweetly. →How sweetly she is smiling! （移动状语） 2.哪些句子成分可能会移动位置？ 通过对句子成分的分析我们就可以确定哪个句子成分需要挪动位置，一般说来含有形容词的名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语需要变动位置。 位置可能会变动的句子成分：宾语、表语和状语。 e.g.: Mr. Turner told us a funny story. →What a funny story Mr. Turner told us!（移动宾语含有形容词的名词短语） 3.如何确定使用what还是使用how？ 当我们做句型变换或选择题时需要自己确定到底是用what还是用how，一般可以这样来确定：位于主语之前的是名词短语时用what，是形容词或副词短语时用how。但这种格式例外: how + adj. + a/ an + N e.g.: What a cool bike you are riding!（a cool bike 名词短语）

比较器工作原理及应用

电压比较器（以下简称比较器）就是一种常用得集成电路。它可用于报警器电路、自动控制电路、测量技术,也可用于V/F 变换电路、 A ／D 变换电路、高速采样电路、电源电压监测电路、振荡器及压控振荡器电路、过零检测电路等。本文主要介绍其基本概念、工作原理及典型工作电路，并介绍一些常用得电压比较器。 什么就是电压比较器 简单地说，电压比较器就是对两个模拟电压比较其大小（也有两个数字电压比较得，这里不介绍）,并判断出其中哪一个电压高，如图1所示。图1（a）就是比较器，它有两个输入端：同相输入端（“ + ” 端）及反相输入端（“一”端）,有一个输出端Vou t （输出电平信号）。另外有电源V+ 及地（这就是个单电源比较器），同相端输入电压VA,反相端输入VB。V A与VB得变化如图1（b ）所示。在时间0~ t 1时,V A > V B ;在上1?t 2时,V B > VA ;在上2~t3时,V A> VB。在这种情况下，Vo u t得输出如图1 （c）所示：V A>VB 时，Vou t输出高电平（饱与输出）；V B >V A时，V o u t输出低电平。根据输出电平得高低便可知道哪个电压大.

如果把V A 输入到反相端，V E 输入到同相端，VA 及V B 得电压变化仍然如图1(b)所示则Vout 输出如图1(d )所示.与图 1 (c )比较,其输出电平倒了一下。输出电平变化与 VA 、VE 得输入 端有关。 图2⑻就是双电源(正负电源)供电得比较器?如果它得 VA 、VB 输入电压如图1 (b )那样，它得输出特性如图2(b)所示。VB > V A 时,Vou t 输出饱与负电压。 国1 ■KT \ I V 咚庄

l主谓一致讲解最全面主谓一致讲解

但两个名 主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1） 语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1■由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓 语用单数或复数 1) 并列主语表示 不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用 复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good stude nts. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2) 并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speak ing at the meeti ng. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journ alist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreig n Mini ster was prese nt at the state banq uet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词， 词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are play ing tennis. 3) 并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse work ing in the hospital was asked to help patie nts. Every man, woma n and child is en titled to take part in the activity. 有权参力口 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a stude nt was disappo in ted after see ing the movie. 4) 并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protect ing en viro nment has bee n draw n up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉