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band notched modified circular ring monopole antenna for ultrawideband applications

band notched modified circular ring monopole antenna for ultrawideband applications
band notched modified circular ring monopole antenna for ultrawideband applications

Band-Notched Modi?ed Circular Ring Monopole Antenna for Ultrawideband Applications

Saswati Ghosh,Member,IEEE

Abstract—This letter proposes a planar modi?ed circular ring antenna for ultrawideband(UWB)applications with band notch performance.By suitably adjusting the antenna parameters, a return loss of10dB is achieved over the desired frequency range(3.1–10.6GHz)except the notch frequency band.The band-notched characteristic is achieved by introducing a tuning stub inside the ring monopole.The results for return loss and radiation pattern are simulated using electromagnetic simulator WIPL-D.The time domain behavior of the antenna in terms of the ?delity factor is evaluated using Computer Simulation Software (CST)transient solver.A prototype antenna is fabricated,and the simulated result for return loss is compared to the measured result.

Index Terms—Band notch antenna,modi?ed ring monopole an-tenna,ultrawideband(UWB)antenna.

I.I NTRODUCTION

T HE increased growth of ultrawideband(UWB)wire-less technology has motivated researchers to design UWB antennas[1]–[5].The planar monopole antennas—e.g., circular,elliptical,annular,rectangular,square,hexagonal, pentagonal,etc.—are used to cover the entire UWB band-width(3.1–10.6GHz)de?ned by the FCC[1]–[4].Besides the UWB properties,another important requirement of the antenna design is the band rejection characteristics,which aer used to reduce the interference between the UWB transmitters on different communication systems with overlapping frequency band(e.g.,Wireless LAN).Different novel antennas with band notch characteristics are designed and studied by other researchers[6]–[13].The band rejection characteristics of the UWB antennas are achieved using3D structures,stub,or two folded-strip lines to the UWB antennas.The band-notched monopole antennas vertically kept on the ground plane are of high demand due to their simple structure,ease of fabrication, and the desired UWB characteristics[8]–[11].The UWB per-formance of an antenna in frequency domain is characterized by the impedance matching characteristics,stable radiation pattern,and high ef?ciency over bandwidth.However,for the

Manuscript received January16,2010;revised February24,2010;accepted March09,2010.Date of publication March22,2010;date of current version April19,2010.This work was supported in part by the Department of Science and Technology,New Delhi,India.

The author was with the Kalpana Chawla Space Technology Cell,Indian Institute of Technology,Kharagpur721302,India.She is now with the De-partment of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Durgapur Institute of Advanced Technology and Management,Rajbandh,Durgapur713212,India (e-mail:saswatikgp@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2c10220091.html,).

Color versions of one or more of the?gures in this letter are available online at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2c10220091.html,.

Digital Object Identi?er

10.1109/LAWP.2010.2046391

Fig.1.Geometry of the proposed antenna.

desired UWB performance,the time domain characterization

of the antenna is also required.The UWB antenna with notch

frequency may distort the time domain behavior of the original

antenna.The UWB performance of the transmit or receive

antenna in the time domain is characterized by the?delity,

which measures distortion between the time derivative of the

voltage applied to the antenna terminals to the transmitted

waveform or,equivalently,between the transient?eld incident

upon the antenna to the received voltage[14],[15].

In this letter,a simple,easy-to-fabricate,high-performance

modi?ed circular ring monopole antenna placed vertically on

a circular ground plane with UWB operating bandwidth and a

band-notched characteristic is proposed.The band-notched fea-

ture is achieved and easily controlled by introducing a tuning

stub inside the ring monopole.For the simulation of the return

loss,current distribution,and radiation pattern data,the electro-

magnetic software WIPL-D Pro ver.5.1is used[16].The Com-

puter Simulation Software(CST)is used for the simulation of

transmit and receive signal in time domain,which is used to

calculate?delity of the antenna[17].The prototype antenna is

fabricated,and the result for the return loss of the prototype an-

tenna is compared to the simulation data.

II.A NTENNA D ESIGN

Fig.1shows the geometry of the proposed UWB ring

monopole antenna with band notch characteristics.The outer

radius of the ring is R,and the inner radius is r.The circular

ring monopole is mounted on a circular ground plane of ra-

dius mm with a feed gap of2mm.The band notch

is achieved by the introduction of a rectangular tuning stub

of length L and width W.The length of the tuning stub is

taken approximately as quarter-wavelength at the desired notch 1536-1225/$26.00?2010IEEE

Fig.2.Return loss versus frequency plot for various inner radius of the circular ring monopole (without notch)with ?xed outer radius R =18

mm.

Fig.3.Return loss versus frequency plot for various stub length inside the cir-cular ring monopole (with notch)with R =18mm,r =8mm,W =6:7mm.

frequency.At the resonant frequency of the stub,the surface current distribution of the ring monopole will be disturbed,thus causing a mismatch of the antenna’s input impedance.All these parameters are optimized to achieve the best performance.

III.S IMULATION R ESULTS

The result for the return loss over the UWB frequency range is simulated using electromagnetic simulator WIPL-D [16].For the simulation,the antenna is considered to be excited by a delta-gap source of 1V.The antenna is placed on ?nite ground plane of radius of 75mm.Fig.2shows the plot of return loss versus frequency for a ring monopole with different inner radius

(without notch).Next,keeping the inner

radius

mm,the stub is introduced to achieve the band notch characteristics.The plot of return loss versus frequency for various stub length is shown in Fig.3.The surface current distributions on the modi-?ed ring monopole (with stub)at the notch frequency and also at another frequency in the UWB are presented in Figs.4and 5.The radiation characteristics of the proposed band-notched UWB antenna are also studied at different frequencies and are shown in Fig.6.

For the time domain simulation,CST Microwave Studio is used [17].The two identical antennas are considered to be placed side by side at 40-cm distances,i.e.,in the far-?eld region over the operating bandwidth (Fig.7).The transmit antenna is excited by using a waveguide port.The input

signal

Fig.4.Surface current distribution for notch frequency 4.75GHz of the mod-i?ed circular ring monopole with R =18mm,r =8mm,W =6:7mm,L =21

mm.

Fig.5.Surface current distribution for frequency 8GHz of the modi?ed cir-cular ring monopole with stub with R =18mm,r =8mm,W =6:7mm,L =21

mm.

Fig.6.Radiation pattern in the vertical plane at different frequencies of the modi?ed circular ring monopole with stub with R =18mm,r =8mm,W =6:7mm,L =21mm.The angle is measured from the vertical z-axis.

of the excited waveguide port is normalized to 1sqrt (W)peak power,and the waveguide port realizes an input power of 1W over its entire port face.The receive antenna is connected with

Fig.7.Simulation of trans–receive antenna system using

CST.

Fig.8.Plot of normalized excitation waveform and the received voltage wave-form at the receiving antenna (without the stub)placed at a distance of 40cm from the transmit antenna (without the

stub).

Fig.9.Plot of normalized excitation waveform and the received voltage wave-form at the receiving antenna (with the stub)placed at a distance of 40cm from the transmit antenna (with the stub).

a lumped element of

50impedance.The normalized time do-main waveform of the excitation voltage applied to the transmit antenna and the load voltage at the receive antenna without and with the stub are shown in Figs.8and 9,respectively.

The time domain characteristic of the antenna is measured in terms of the ?delity of the antenna.The ?delity is de?ned by the following equation

[15]:

(1)

According to (1),the ?delity corresponds to the maximum mag-nitude of the cross correlation between the normalized observed

response

and the ideal

response .

Here,is calcu-lated as the normalized time derivative of the source

waveform

,

and is calculated using the normalized versions of the simulated waveforms plotted in Figs.8and 9.This

calculation

Fig.10.Prototype band-notched modi?ed circular ring monopole

antenna.

Fig.11.Plot of return loss versus frequency of band-notched modi?ed circular ring monopole antenna.

yields ?delity of approximately 0.99and 0.97for the antenna without and also with the tuning stub,respectively.

IV .M EASURED R ESULTS

The prototype antenna is fabricated for experimental veri?-cation (Fig.10).The design parameters of the prototype an-tenna are as

follows:

mm;

mm;

mm;mm.A circular ?nite ground plane of radius of 75mm

is used for the measurement.The circular ring with the stub is supported on the ground plane by an SMA connector.The cir-cular ring is soldered with the pin of the connector protruding through the hole made in the ground plane.The length of the pin is 2mm,which determines the height of the ring above the ground plane.For the simulation,this pin is taken as a wire of diameter 1mm and length 2mm.A comparison between the simulated (using WIPL-D and CST)and measured return loss using HP 8757C network analyzer is presented in Fig.11.

V .D ISCUSSION

The return loss versus frequency plot of the ring monopole (Fig.2)shows that by adjusting the inner radius of the ring for a ?xed outer radius,an impedance bandwidth de?ned by 10dB return loss is achieved over 3.1–10.6GHz.Fig.2also shows that

the desired bandwidth is achieved

for

mm.It is noticed that a hike in the return loss over a certain frequency band is achieved by including the stub.By tuning the length of the stub,the notch frequency can be adjusted (Fig.3).At the resonant frequency of the stub,the surface current distribution of the ring monopole is disturbed,thus causing a mismatch of the antenna’s

input impedance(Figs.4and5).The radiation patterns at dif-ferent frequencies within the UWB range(Fig.6)show good omnidirectional radiation patterns,which are about the same as those of the corresponding simple circular-disk monopole antenna.The time domain characteristics of the antenna are studied in terms of the?delity of the antenna,which is achieved from the excitation and received voltage waveform using CST for antenna structures without and with the stub(Figs.8and 9.The?delity values calculated for the displayed waveforms are equal to0.99and0.97for the antenna structures without the stub and also after inclusion of the tuning stub for a par-ticular distance of40cm.The result indicates a good matching between the excitation and received waveform.Also,it is no-ticed that the band notch characteristic is achieved for the mod-i?ed planar ring monopole antenna without major compromise in the?delity.It can be observed from Fig.11that a good agree-ment between the measurements and simulations is obtained, though a small shift of the notch frequency band is noticed for the measured data.Though sincere effort was made to minimize the measurement error,the deviation of the inner and outer radii in some portions of the fabricated antenna from the actual an-tenna structure causes the difference in the measured and sim-ulated results.For better matching,a re?ned antenna prototype is required.However,the measured return loss data shows the same impedance bandwidth as that of the simulation data.

VI.C ONCLUSION

This letter presents the initial investigation on the perfor-mance of a modi?ed planar ring monopole antenna as an UWB band-notched antenna.The simulated results for the return loss show that the desired bandwidth with desired frequency notch can be achieved and easily controlled by adjusting stub length and the other parameters of the antenna.The omnidirectional radiation pattern of a conventional monopole antenna is main-tained over the frequency range.The high?delity value of the antenna proves that the notch structure maintains the desired time domain characteristics of the original antenna.

A CKNOWLEDGMENT

The useful comments of the reviewers are gratefully appreci-ated.The author is grateful to Prof.A.Chakrabarty,Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering (E&ECE),Indian Institute of Technology,Kharagpur,India, for his valuable comments on various technical aspects of this work.The author would also like to thank the technical staffs of the Microwave Measurement Laboratory,Department of E&ECE and Kalpana Chawla Space Technology Cell,Indian Institute of Technology,Kharagpur,for helping in performing the experiments.

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