英语国家概况教案Lesson 4
南京交通职业技术学院
教案
授课主要内容
说明：教师备课笔记由学校自订式样并附后
Unit 2 History
Lesson 4 A Brief History of the USA
I．Revision:
Oral homework：What’s your impression of the USA ? (可以适当的用中文)
参考资料
Mount Rashmore
Mount Rushmore National Memorial, near Keystone, South Dakota, is a monumental granite sculpture by Gutzon Borglum, with 60-foot (18 m) sculptures of the heads of former United States presidents (left to right): George Washington (1732–1799), Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), and Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865). Abraham Lincoln
The 16th President of the United States, who guided his country through the most devastating experience in its national history---the Civil War.
US Coat of Arms
The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government. The Great Seal was first used publicly in 1782.
The design on the obverse of the great seal is the national coat of arms of the United States. It is officially used on documents such as United States passports, military insignia, embassy placards, and various flags.
Franklin Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 –April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945 and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war, and has been ranked as one of the three greatest US presidents in scholarly surveys.
II. New Lesson:
Part I. Word Box
Part II. Text
Pre-reading: Give a brief introduction of the historic periods of the USA by referring to
1. Who first came to America and how did they come there?
(People migrated from Asia via Bering Land Bridge some 2000 years ago.
They are called Native Americans.)
2. Who was the first European to set foot on the new world? Why did he
name the local people Indians?
(Christopher Columbus came to Puerto Rico in 1492 and named the local people Indians) 3. Who proved that the land was not India?
(Amerigo Vespucci proved that the land was not India, therefore the land was named America after him.)
The present-day United States was originally populated by people migrating from Asia via the Bering land bridge（白令海峡大陆桥）starting some 20,000 years ago.
These people became the indigenous people who inhabited the Americas before the arrival of European explorers and who are now called Native Americans.
Christopher Columbus was the first European to set foot on what would one day become U.S. territory when he came to Puerto Rico in 1492. He thought he had reached India, so he named the local people Indians, not knowing that he had discovered a New Continent.
Amerigo Vespucci（亚美瑞格.韦斯普奇）, another navigator（航海家）proved that the land was not India, therefore the land was named America after him.
(2). English Colonial America (1067-1776)
1. Where was the first colony founded?
2. How many colonies did the British establish along the east coast of North America?
3. Why did puritans leave their own countries?
4. How did they establish the Plymouth colony?
The first English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown(詹姆士镇), Virginia in 1607.
Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America.
By 1750, nearly 2 million people were living in these colonies, many of whom were Puritans who left their own countries in search of religious freedom
The most typical example was the voyage of the Mayflower ship, which carried the Pilgrims across the Atlantic Ocean and arrived at Plymouth(普利茅斯) in 1620, built the Plymouth colony.
From 1630 to 1643, the great Puritan migration brought about 20,000 Englishmen to the Massachusetts Bay colony.
北美洲原为印第安人聚居地。15世纪末，西班牙、荷兰、法国、英国等国开始向北美洲移民。1606年英国在北美建起第一个城市——詹姆斯，后发展为弗吉尼亚殖民地。17世纪和18 世纪上半叶，英国殖民者先后在东起大西洋沿岸，西至阿巴拉契亚山脉之间建立了13 个殖民地，残暴屠杀当地印第安人，并从非洲掠来大批黑人充当奴隶。(3). Forming of the USA (1776-1849) (The War of Independence)
1. What is the prelude of the War of Independence and how did it happen?
2. What is the process of the war?
In 1774, the First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia and Colonial
militia units were organized.
The shot at Lexington on April 19, 1775 started the War of Independence
A Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington were
founded.
Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence.
In 1783, the British army was defeated and the British government recognized the
Independence of the United States of America.
3. What is the main characteristic of the constitution of the USA?
4. How did the USA realize its territorial expansion?
The prelude
---With the rapid economic development, people of the 13 colonies desired more power to determine their own business, while the British government wanted to bring the development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies.
---In order to help the British East India Company out of difficulty, the British government allowed the company to sell tea at a lower price in the colonies through its own people.
---This took away the tea business from American tea merchants. This unfair treatment led to the famous Boston Tea Party（波士顿倾茶事件）in 1773 which was considered as the prelude of the War of Independence.
The War of Independence
---In September 1774, the First Continental Congress（第一届大陆会议）was held in Philadelphia, which encouraged Americans to refuse to buy British goods. Colonial militia units（民兵部队）were organized.
---The shot at Lexington on April 19, 1775 started the War of Independence.
Three weeks later, at the Second Continental Congress the delegates agreed to support the war.
A Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington were founded. Thomas Jefferson of Virginia drafted the Declaration of Independence which was adopted on July 4, 1776.
In 1783, the British army was defeated and the British government recognized the Independence of the United States of America.
United States Constitution
The new United States Constitution favored a representative, elective government to replace the existing monarchical structures.
The system of republicanism placed a primacy upon individual liberty and upon constraining the power of government through division of powers and a system of checks and balances. George Washington became the first President of the United States.
1775年，波士顿人民武装起义，打响了北美人民反抗英国殖民统治的独立战争的第一枪。1776年第二次大陆会议在费城召开，会议决定组成大陆军，由华盛顿任总司令，并通过《独立宣言》，正式宣布建立美利坚合众国。1783年美国独立战争结束，英国被迫承认美国独立。1787年通过联邦宪法，次年底举行第一次选举，华盛顿当选第一任总统。1789年联邦政府成立。1812～1814年第二次美、英战争后，美国完全摆脱英国的统治。
Territorial expansion
---It forced England to give up Old Northwest, and Spain to open the Mississippi River. 美国人适使英国放弃了旧西北地区.，使西班牙开放密西西比河，
---It bought Louisiana from Napoleon, which almost doubled its territory.
---After the War with Mexico, Mexico was forced to give up California and New Mexico
---In 1830, the Indian Removal Act authorized the president to negotiate treaties that exchanged Indian tribal lands in the eastern states for lands west of the Mississippi River.
---From 1789 to 1849, the territory of the United States was greatly enlarged.
19世纪初，随着资本主义的迅速发展，美国统治阶级开始对外扩张。1803年美国利用拿破仑在海地战败之机，购买了法国在北美的殖民地路易斯安那。1812 年美国向西扩展，侵占印第安人土地。1818 年和1819 年，美国分别向英国和西班牙购买了北达科他州的部分土地和佛罗里达。1845年侵占了墨西哥的得克萨斯。翌年，美国以边界事件为借口，向墨西哥宣战，墨西哥被迫1848年将其北部230 万平方千米的土地( 即今加利福尼亚、亚利桑那、内华达、犹他、新墨西哥、科罗拉多等州)"出售"给美国。19世纪中后期，美国又将其侵略扩张伸向海外。1867年美国用720 万美元向沙俄购买了阿拉斯加和阿留申群岛。1898 年兼并夏威夷，又通过对西班牙的战争控制了古巴，并夺取了西属波多黎各、关岛和菲律宾。1903 年占领了中途岛，霸占了巴拿马运河。1917年迫使丹麦“出让”维尔京群岛。在1776年后的100余年内，美国领土几乎扩张了10倍。
(4). The Civil War (1861–1865)
1. What caused the Civil War?
2. When Abraham Lincoln was elected President, what did the Southern states do?
3. How did Lincoln lead the Union gaining the victory of the war?
In the middle of the 19th century, white Americans of the North and South were unable to reconcile fundamental differences in their approach to government, economics, society and African American slavery.
When Abraham Lincoln was elected President, the Southern states broke away and established a rebel government, the Confederate States of America, on February 9, 1861.
The Civil War broke out on April 12, 1861. President Abraham Lincoln won support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery.
He issued the famous Emancipation Proclamation.
Thus England and France stood by the Union’s side, and many blacks jo ined the Union army. On November 19, 1863, Lincoln made another famous speech at Gettysburg.
After a series of battles, the Confederate army surrendered on April 9, 1865, and five days later Lincoln was shot dead.
In December, the Thirteenth Amendment, which banned slavery, was added to the Constitution.
美国北部的资本主义获得迅速发展，但南部仍保持着使用黑人奴隶劳动的农业经济。19世纪30年代初兴起美国废奴运动。1860年反对黑奴制度的共和党人.林肯当选总统。次年南部奴隶主发动叛乱，南北战争爆发。1862年9月，林肯颁布《解放黑奴宣言》。1865 年战争以北方获胜结束，为资本主义在全美国的发展扫清了道路。
(5). Rapid Growth of Economy (1865–1918)
1. What helped the USA grow rapidly?
2. What did the Progressive Movement demand?
3. What was the reform of President Theodore Roosevelt?
4. Why did the USA stand neutral during the First World War?
5. Why did it declare the war on Germany?
After the Civil War, the United States experienced a tremendous growth in industry, agriculture, science, and technology, and population.
---firstly the political environment was stable;
---secondly the free slaves together with the immigrants from Europe and Asia offered a strong labor force;
---Thirdly science and invention played a very important role in America’s industrial development;
---By 1900, the production of steel and coal both ranked the first in the world.
With the development of the economy, there also arose a number of social problems.
The Progressive Movement began, demanding government regulation of the economic, social and political conditions.
President Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) strengthened federal regulation of the railroads and enforced the Sherman Antitrust Act against several large corporations.
He also promoted conservation, with large reserves of forest land, coal, oil, mineral and water saved for future generations.
During the First World War, the United Sates stood neutral in name while selling large quantities of arms and offering bank loans to Britain and France.
The United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917.
When the war ended on November 11, 1918, the US was one of the big Four (the US, Britain, France and Italy) to enjoy the interest division of the defeated countries.
美国史学界一般把1900年～1917年间美国所发生的政治、经济和社会改革运动统称进步运动。在性质上，进步运动是以中产阶级为主体、有社会各阶层参与的资产阶级改革运动，目的在于消除美国从“自由”资本主义过渡到垄断资本主义所引起的种种社会弊端，重建社会价值体系和经济秩序。在内容上，进步运动同时在联邦、州和市三级展开，从政治上的争取妇女选举权、市政改革到经济领域的反托拉斯运动，从救济穷人和改善工人待遇的社会正义运动到自然资源保护，囊括社会生活的各个方面，影响深远。
(6). Post-World War I and Great Depression (1918–1940)
1. How did the historians describe the 1920s in the US?
2. Can you describe the Great Depression in the US?
3. How did President Franklin Roosevelt help America out of the depression?
power.
It enjoyed a period of unbalanced prosperity: farm prices and wages fell while industrial profits grew.
In 1932, President Franklin D. Roosevelt passed a number of acts to prevent the possible collapse of the American economic and political system.
He did successfully get America out of the depression during his tenure of office.
(7). World War II (1939–1945)
1. What was the attitude of the US during the World War II at the beginning?
2. Why did the US take part in the War?
3. What are the principles of the US diplomacy?
As with World War I, the United States had bound the country to neutrality.
Its decision to declare war followed Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Four days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 11, Nazi Germany declared war on the United States.
There were two guiding principles of the wartime American diplomacy: to win the war; to establish a postwar political structure in accord with American interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from over-expansion.
(8).American Society During Postwar Boom
1. Can you describe the economic boom of the US after WWII?
2. What are the cornerstones of the postwar economic boom?
3. Which were related to the upsurge in births?
After WWII, the United States entered a period of economic boom.
---The cornerstones were the automobile, housing, and defense industries.
---Economy grew at an average rate of 3.5 percent per year
---Nation’s GNP rose from just over $200 billion in 1946 to close to $1 trillion in 1970.
---From 1946 to 1961, over 63.5 million babies were born.
Of the three cornerstones of the postwar economic boom, two were related to the upsurge in births.
---The first was a construction boom to provide houses and schools for all these children.
---the second was automobile manufacturing for the growing new communities.
---The third was military spending. When the Defense Department was established in 1949, the nation spent about $13 billion a year on defense. By 1951, its budget was over $22 billion, and it has been going up ever since.
Case Study
The Special Relationship Between the UK and the USA
Military cooperation
---The unparalleled level of military co-operation began with the creation of the Combined Chiefs of Staff in December 1941, a military command with authority over all American and British operations. This cooperation has increased steadily since the early 1950s when military contacts were re-established .
Intelligence sharing
---The special relationship has maintained ties in collecting and sharing intelligence since World War II. This aspect of the relationship originally grew from the common goal of monitoring and countering the threat of communism.
Economic policy
---The United States is the largest source of Foreign Direct Investment to the UK economy, likewise the United Kingdom is the largest single investor in the US economy. British trade and capital have been important components of the American economy since its colonial inception.
Public opinion
---A June 2006 poll by Populus for The Times showed that the number of Britons agreeing that "it is important for Britain’s long-term security that we have a close and special relationship with America" had fallen to 58% (from 71% in April), and that 65% believed that
"Britain’s future lies more with Europe than America." 44% agreed that "America is a force for good in the world." A 2008 poll by The Economist has shown that Britons' views differ considerably from Americans' views when asked about the topics of religion, values, and national interest.
Current status
Although British Prime Minister Gordon Brown has stated his support for the United States, he has appointed ministers to the Foreign Office who have been critical of aspects of the relationship or of recent U.S. policy. Present British policy is that the relationship with the United States represents Britain's "most important bilateral relationship." III. Consolidation: (9’) （教师总结）
Unit Two History---Lesson 4 A Brief History of the USA 678,000 British born people live in the US (36,564,465 of self-acknowledged (2000
census) British descent) - perhaps many times as many of British descent)
224,000 American born people live in the UK British Americans $13.770 trillion ($44,190 Per Capita)
$2.660.7 trillion ($38,624 Per Capita)GDP(nominal)74% White American, 14% Hispanic or Latino
(of any race), 12% Black, 8% Multiracial and other, 4% Asian, 1% AIAN or NHPI
86% White British, 7% White Other,6% Asian (South and East), 2% Black, 2% Multiracial and other Ethnic Groups 78% Christianity, 2% Buddhism, 1% Judaism,
1% Islam
72% Christianity, 3% Islam, 1%Hinduism Main Religions English
English Official Languages
Federal presidential constitutional republic Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Government New York City –8,214,426 (18,818,536 Metro)
London –7,518,000 (13,945,000 Metro)Largest City Washington, D.C .
London Capital 31/km 2 (80/sq mi)246 /km 2 (637 /sq mi)Population Density
9,826,630 km 2 (3,794,066 sq mi )
244,820 km 2 (94,526 sq mi)Area 303,241,000
60,587,300Population United States
United Kingdom Country Comparison
IV . Homework: (1’)
1. Memorize the words and phrases.
2. Do Lesson Review.
3. Supplementary Reading.
4. P.59 I
英语国家概况期末考整理
Unit 1 UK 著名景点 Big Ben 大本钟2、Tower Bridge(crosses the River Thames; close to the Tower of London; symbol of London ) 3、Westminster Abbey ( Gothic church in the City of Westminster,London; Coronation and burial site for British monarchs.) 4、Red Double Decker Bus (mass transit) 英国基本知识 1、constituent parts ? England/ Scotland/ Northern Ireland/ Wales(国旗) 2、the national anthem(国歌)? God save the queen 3、The national Emblem? 4、National flower? Rose (Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485) between the royal house of Lancaster ( red rose) and the royal house of York (white rose).) 5、地理位置 6、Full name?The "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".（The British Isles不列颠岛; Great Britain; UK ; Commonwealth） 7、Three political divisions（行政区域）: England, Scotland, and Wales. 8、Commonwealth? A free association of sovereign states comprising Great Britain and a number of its former dependencies ; united as ?free and equal members‘. 9、Capital England(London); Scotland(Edinburgh); Wales(Cardiff); Northern Ireland(Belfast) 10、Backbone of England? Pennine 11、Ben Nevis? the highest mountain in UK. 1343m 12、North Ireland? National flower: Irish clover (三叶草)；Lough Neagh (the largest lake in UK) ; industrious; agricultural 13、Rivers and lakes?1. The Severn River(longest river; from the mountain of Wales to the Bristol Channel) 2. The Thames River (Main source of London‘s water supply;Second longest river in Britain; Costwold Hills--North Sea)3. The Clyde River (The most important river in Scotland)4. Lake District 5. Lough Neagh（The largest lake in Britain (396 square kilometers), Northern Ireland.） 14、The climate in Britain?pea souper 超级浓雾 Unit2 UK 1、the first settler? The Iberian(伊比利亚人) 2、Stonehenge(巨石阵)?was a place of healing center；The most important monument left by Iberian；There are about 80 stones, and each is five meters tall. 3、The Celtic language? the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic(盖尔语) (Irish,Scotish). 4、Hadrian ‘s Wall 5、7th century Heptarchy（七国联盟）?(Wessex; Sussex; Kent; Essex; East Anglia; Mercia; Northumbria) 6、Viking pirates(维京海盗) ? Vikings from Denmark；established some small kingdoms；Northern and eastern England 7、The Norman Conquest(1066)? The Normans that invaded England in 1066 came from Normandy in Northern France.
英语国家概况第一章
Chapter1 Land and People Great Britain is the largest island in Europe. It is made up of England, Scotland, and Wales.Together with Northern Ireland, it forms the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern lreland. This is the full name of the country which constitutes all these places. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, or the United Kingdom, is “the UK" for short. However,most people call the UK ”Britain" or “Great Britain,” and some people simply say “England," which is incorrect and particularly annoys the Scots. According to the 2011 census, the total population of the UK was around 63 million. It is the third-largest in the European Union (behind Germany and France) and the 22nd-largest in the world. The UK is a developed country. According to 2013 statistics it has the sixth-largest national economy in the world (and third-largest in Europe) measured by nominal GDP and eighth-largest in the world (and second-largest in Europe) measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). It was the world's first industrialized country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The UK remains a great power because it still has considerable economic,cultural,military,scientific and political influence internationally. The capital of the UK is London, which is among the world's leading commercial, financial,and cultural centers. Other major cities include Birmingham,Liverpool, and Manchester in England, Belfast and Londonderry in Northern Ireland, Edinburgh and Glasgow in Scotland, and Swansea and Cardiff in Wales. I.Geographical Features 1. The UK's Geographical Location and Its Size The UK is bordered on the south by the English Channel. It is bordered on the east by the North Sea, and on the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The UK's only land border with another nation is between Northern Ireland and Ireland. The UK is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel. The English Channel between England and France is quite narrow and the narrowest part is called the Suraits of Dover, which is only 33 km across. In 1985 the British government and the French government decided to build a channel tunnel under the Straits of Dover so that England and France could be joined together by road. After eight years of hard work this channel tunnel, which is called"Chunnel,” was open to traffic in May 1994. The UK covers a total area of 244,110 sq km. lt runs 1,000 km from north to south and extends,at the widest part, about 500 km. So no part of the UK is very far from the coast and it provides a valuable resource. The British coast is long and has good, deep harbors. Sea routes extend far inland, providing cheap transportation. England is the largest, most populous, and wealthiest division of the UK. It makes up 130,400 sq km of the UK's total area.The area of Scotland is 78,800 sq km, the area of Wales is
英语国家概况课后题总结和答案
Chapter 1 land and people are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian. the geographical position of Britian Britain is an island country. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands. Britain have a favourable climate why Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole has a small range of temperature,too. are the factors which influence the climate in Britain Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest
英语国家概况_习题集(含答案)
《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有 习题 【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。 一、单选题 1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________ A. France B. Denmark C. Ireland D. Germany 2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A. Emperor Claudius B. Julius Caesar C. King Alfred D. King Ethelred 3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral? A. Christopher Marlowe B. T. S. Eliot C. Ben Johnson D. Thomas Becket 4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles 5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________. A. Jethro Tull B. Thomas Coke C. George III D. Robert Bakewell 6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal? A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland) B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties C. senior bishops of the Church of England D. all other life peers 7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________. A. the War of the Celts
英语国家概况教学大纲
英语国家概况教学大纲 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
《英语国家概况》课程教学大纲 课程名称：英语国家概况计划学分：2学分 计划学时：32学时课程性质：选修课 课程类型：专业课面向专业：商务英语、应用英语专业 编制单位：外语系编制时间：2012年8月 一、课程的性质、地位和作用 随着我国对外交往的日益频繁和涉外工作的需要，大学生不仅要学好英语，提高语言应用能力，还应加深对英语国家社会与文化生活基本情况的了解，从而在工作和生活中更好地进行跨文化交流。本课程就是根据此需要，根据《大学英语课程教学要求》而开设的选修课，体现了英语教学必须实行语言教学与文化知识课程紧密相结合的原则，有利于基础阶段语言教学与文化知识教学的相互促进。 二、教学目的及要求 本课程涉及了英语国家的地理、历史、语言发展、文化、社会等方面，目的在于扩大学生视野、对于英语国家的理解不仅从经济、政治的角度，而且要从社会、文化的角度来看问题。 1.提供了一个对于英语国家的中立的、恰当的、多角度的、贴近实际 的调查。 2.提高学生思维能力、分析和解决问题的能力。 3.培养学生对于人类和社会的客观的、健康的、科学的人生观、价值 观。
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