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kieso15e_testbank_ch08

CHAPTER 8

VALUATION OF INVENTORIES:

A COST-BASIS APPROACH

IFRS questions are available at the end of this chapter.

TRUE-FALSE—Conceptual

Answer No. Description

T 1. Work-in-process inventory.

F 2. Merchandising and manufacturing inventory accounts.

T 3. Modified perpetual inventory system.

F 4. Determining when title passes.

T 5. Inventory errors.

T 6. Overstatement of purchases and ending inventory.

F 7. Period vs. product costs.

T 8. Reporting Purchase Discounts Lost.

F 9. Cost flow assumption.

T 10. FIFO periodic vs. perpetual system.

T 11. LIFO Reserve.

F 12. Using LIFO for reporting purposes.

F 13. LIFO liquidation.

T 14. LIFO liquidations.

T 15. Dollar-value LIFO.

F 16. Dollar-value LIFO method.

F 17. LIFO-FIFO comparison.

T 18. LIFO conformity rule.

F 19. Selection of inventory method.

T 20. Appropriateness of LIFO.

MULTIPLE CHOICE—Conceptual

Answer No. Description

c 21. Identify manufacturer inventory similar to merchandise inventory.

d 22. Sales with buyback agreement.

a 23. Sales with high rates of return.

a 24. Reason inventories are included in net income computation.

c 25. Characteristic of perpetual inventory system.

a 26. Reporting consignment inventory in balance sheet.

d 27. Reporting goods in transit purchased f.o.b. destination.

b 28. Effect of inventory error on net income.

b 29. Effect of goods in transit on the current ratio.

c 30. Description of consigne

d inventory.

d 31. Entries under perpetual inventory system.

b 32. Classification of goods in transit.

a 33. Classification of goods in transit.

8 - 2

Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE—Conceptual (cont.) Answer No. Description

d 34. Identify inventory ownership.

d 35. Identify a product financing arrangement.

a 36. Identify ownership under product financing arrangement.

b 37. Classification of goods on consignment.

c S38. Valuation of inventories.

b P39. Classification of beginning inventory.

b P40. Effect of beginning inventory overstated.

d S41. Effect of understating purchases.

b 42. Effect of recording merchandise on consignment.

a 43. Effect of ending inventory overvaluation.

a 44. Effect of inventory errors on income.

d 45. Effect of understating purchases and ending inventory.

b 46. Effect of beginning inventory overstatement.

c 47. Identification of a product cost.

d 48. Identification of a period cost.

d 49. Method used to record cash discounts.

a 50. Identification of inventory costs.

b 51. Identification of product costs.

d 52. Determin

e product costs.

b 53. Interest capitalization in manufacturing inventory.

d 54. Determin

e cost o

f purchased inventory, usin

g net method.

a 55. Determine cost of purchased inventory, using gross method.

a 56. Recording inventory purchases at gross or net amounts.

c 57. Recording inventory purchases at gross or net amounts.

a 58. Nature of trade discounts.

d S59. Identifying inventoriabl

e costs.

b P60. Method approximating current cost.

a 61. Average cost inventory valuation.

b 62. Weighted-average inventory method.

a 63. Nature of FIFO valuation of inventory.

b 64. Flow of costs in a manufacturing situation.

a 65. FIFO and decreasing prices.

b 66. FIFO and increasing prices.

a 67. FIFO and increasing prices.

b 68. FIFO and LIFO inventory assumptions.

c 69. LIFO an

d increasing prices.

d 70. Knowledg

e o

f inventory valuation methods.

d 71. Periodic and perpetual inventory methods.

c 72. Appropriateness of specific identification method.

b 73. FIFO and rising prices.

c 74. LIFO an

d falling prices.

a 75. LIFO reserve definition.

d 76. LIFO reserv

e account classification.

d 77. Specific-goods pooled LIFO approach.

c 78. Double-extension metho

d under dollar-valu

e LIFO.

d 79. Description of LIFO layer.

a S80. Dollar-value LIFO method.

Valuation of Inventories: A Cost-Basis Approach 8 - 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE—Conceptual (cont.)

Answer No. Description

a S81. Identifying advantages of LIFO.

d 82. LIFO for tax purposes and external reporting.

c 83. LIFO advantages.

P These questions also appear in the Problem-Solving Survival Guide.

S These questions also appear in the Study Guide.

MULTIPLE CHOICE—Computational

Answer No. Description

c 84. Classification of inventory.

c 85. Classification of inventory.

d 86. Perpetual inventory method.

d 87. Perpetual inventory method.

d 88. Calculat

e ending inventory.

c 89. Calculate ending inventory.

b 90. Calculate total assets and net income.

c 91. Calculate total assets an

d net income.

d 92. Effect of inventory and depreciation errors on income.

a 93. Effect of inventory and depreciation errors on retained earnings.

a 94. Effect of inventory errors on working capital.

d 95. Calculat

e cost o

f goods available for sale.

d 96. Accounting for a purchas

e return (net method).

d 97. Adjust Accounts Payabl

e using the net method.

b 98. Calculate ending inventory using weighted-average.

d 99. Calculat

e ending inventory using moving average.

b 100. Calculate ending inventory using LIFO.

d 101. Calculat

e cost o

f goods sold usin

g FIFO.

a 102. Effect of using LIFO or FIFO.

a 103. Perpetual inventory—LIFO valuation.

c 104. Perpetual inventory—LIFO valuation.

d 105. Perpetual inventory—FIFO valuation.

b 106. Perpetual inventory—average cost valuation.

c 107. Cost flow assumptions.

b 108. Cost flow assumptions.

c 109. Calculate units in ending inventory.

b 110. Calculate cost of goods sold.

a 111. Calculate cost of goods sold using average cost.

d 112. Calculat

e ending inventory using average cost.

c 113. Calculate ending inventory using FIFO.

d 114. Calculat

e cost o

f goods sold usin

g FIFO.

d 115. Calculat

e ending inventory using LIFO.

c 116. Calculate cost of goods sol

d using LIFO.

c 117. LIFO reserve.

c 118. LIFO reserve.

b 119. LIFO liquidation.

b 120. LIFO liquidation.

c 121. Dollar-value LIFO.

Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition

8 - 4

MULTIPLE CHOICE—Computational (cont.) Answer No. Description

b 122. Dollar-value LIFO.

c 123. Dollar-value LIFO.

b 124. Dollar-value LIFO.

c 125. Calculate ending inventory using dollar-value LIFO.

c 126. Calculate ending inventory using dollar-value LIFO.

a 127. Calculate ending inventory using dollar-value LIFO.

b 128. Calculate price index using double extension method.

b 129. Calculate ending inventory using dollar-value LIFO.

d 130. Calculat

e ending inventory using dollar-value LIFO.

a 131. Calculate ending inventory using dollar-value LIFO.

c 132. Calculate ending inventory using dollar-value LIFO.

d 133. Calculat

e ending inventory using dollar-value LIFO.

MULTIPLE CHOICE—CPA Adapted Answer No. Description

a 134. Identification of inventory costs.

c 135. Determine cost of purchase

d inventory.

d 136. Determin

e cost o

f sales.

b 137. Calculate Accounts Payable at year end.

d 138. Calculat

e Accounts Payable at year end.

a 139. Calculate Accounts Payable at year end.

b 140. Determine cost of purchased inventory.

c 141. Determine cost of purchase

d inventory.

c 142. Calculate unit cost using moving-average method.

a 143. Periodic and perpetual inventory methods.

c 144. FIFO an

d LIFO with increasing prices.

c 145. Calculate ending inventory using LIFO.

a 146. Dollar-value LIFO and the double extension approach.

b 147. Calculate ending inventory using dollar-value LIFO.

BRIEF EXERCISES

Item Description

BE8-148 Recording purchases at net amounts.

BE8-149 Recording purchases at net amounts.

BE8-150 Comparison of FIFO and LIFO.

EXERCISES

E8-151 FIFO and LIFO inventory methods.

E8-152 FIFO and LIFO periodic inventory methods.

E8-153 Perpetual LIFO.

E8-154 Perpetual LIFO and periodic FIFO.

E8-155 Analysis of gross profit.

E8-156 Dollar-value LIFO.

Valuation of Inventories: A Cost-Basis Approach 8 - 5

PROBLEMS

Item Description

P8-157 Inventory cut-off.

P8-158 Analysis of errors.

P8-159 Accounting for purchase discounts.

P8-160 Inventory methods.

P8-161 Dollar-value LIFO.

P8-162 Dollar-value LIFO.

CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Identify major classifications of inventory.

2. Distinguish between perpetual and periodic inventory systems.

3. Determine the goods included in inventory and the effects of inventory errors on the

financial statements.

4. Understand the items to include as inventory cost.

5. Describe and compare the cost flow assumptions used to account for inventories.

6. Explain the significance and use of a LIFO reserve.

7. Understand the effect of LIFO liquidations.

8. Explain the dollar-value LIFO method.

9. Identify the major advantages and disadvantages of LIFO.

10. Understand why companies select given inventory methods.

8 - 6

Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES BY QUESTIONS

Note: TF = True-False BE =Brief Exercises

MC = Multiple Choice

Valuation of Inventories: A Cost-Basis Approach 8 - 7 E = Exercise

P = Problem

SA = Short Answer

CT = Critical Thinking

Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition

8 - 8

TRUE FALSE—Conceptual

1. A manufacturing concern would report the cost of units only partially processed as

inventory in the balance sheet.

2. Both merchandising and manufacturing companies normally have multiple inventory

accounts.

3. A modified perpetual inventory system provides detailed inventory records of increases

and decreases in quantities only–not dollar amounts.

4. If a supplier ships goods f.o.b. destination, title passes to the buyer when the supplier

delivers the goods to the common carrier.

5. If ending inventory is understated, then net income is understated.

6. If both purchases and ending inventory are overstated by the same amount, net income is

not affected.

7. Freight charges on goods purchased are considered a period cost and therefore are not

part of the cost of the inventory.

8. Purchase Discounts Lost is a financial expense and is reported in the ―other expenses

and losses‖ section of the income statement.

9. The cost flow assumption adopted must be consistent with the physical movement of the

goods.

10. In all cases when FIFO is used, the cost of goods sold would be the same whether a

perpetual or periodic system is used.

11. The change in the LIFO Reserve from one period to the next is recorded as an adjustment

to Cost of Goods Sold.

12. Many companies use LIFO for both tax and internal reporting purposes.

13. LIFO liquidation often distorts net income, but usually leads to substantial tax savings.

14. LIFO liquidations can occur frequently when using a specific-goods LIFO approach.

15. Dollar-value LIFO techniques help protect LIFO layers from erosion.

16. The dollar-value LIFO method measures any increases and decreases in a pool in terms

of total dollar value and physical quantity of the goods in the inventory pool.

17. A disadvantage of LIFO is that it does not match more recent costs against current

revenues as well as FIFO.

18. The LIFO conformity rule requires that if a company uses LIFO for tax purposes, it must

also use LIFO for financial accounting purposes.

Valuation of Inventories: A Cost-Basis Approach 8 - 9 19. Use of LIFO provides a tax benefit in an industry where unit costs tend to decrease as

production increases.

20. LIFO is inappropriate where unit costs tend to decrease as production increases.

MULTIPLE CHOICE—Conceptual

21. Which of the following inventories carried by a manufacturer is similar to the merchandise

inventory of a retailer?

a. Raw materials.

b. Work-in-process.

c. Finished goods.

d. Supplies.

22. Which of the following methods is also referred as ―parking transactions‖?

a. Consignment sales.

b. Sales on installment.

c. Sales with high rates of return.

d. Sales with buyback agreement.

23. Under what circumstances should a company with high rate of return on sales consider

the inventory sold?

a. When it can reasonably estimate the amount of returns

b. When the re tailer gives a confirmation that the goods won’t be returned

c. When the goods are sold on installment

d. When the payment for goods is received

24. Why are inventories included in the computation of net income?

a. To determine cost of goods sold.

b. To determine sales revenue.

c. To determine merchandise returns.

d. Inventories are not included in the computation of net incom

e.

25. Which of the following is a characteristic of a perpetual inventory system?

a. Inventory purchases are debited to a Purchases account.

b. Inventory records are not kept for every item.

c. Cost of goods sold is recorded with each sale.

d. Cost of goods sold is determined as the amount of purchases less the change in

inventory.

Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition

8 - 10

26. How is a significant amount of consignment inventory reported in the balance sheet?

a. The inventory is reported separately on the consignor's balance sheet.

b. The inventory is combined with other inventory on the consignor's balance sheet.

c. The inventory is reported separately on the consignee's balance sheet.

d. The inventory is combined with other inventory on the consignee's balance sheet.

27. Where should goods in transit that were recently purchased f.o.b. destination be included

on the balance sheet?

a. Accounts payable.

b. Inventory.

c. Equipment.

d. Not on the balance sheet.

28. If a company uses the periodic inventory system, what is the impact on net income of

including goods in transit f.o.b. shipping point in purchases, but not ending inventory?

a. Overstate net income.

b. Understate net income.

c. No effect on net income.

d. Not sufficient information to determine effect on net incom

e.

29. If a company uses the periodic inventory system, what is the impact on the current ratio of

including goods in transit f.o.b. shipping point in purchases, but not ending inventory?

a. Overstate the current ratio.

b. Understate the current ratio.

c. No effect on the current ratio.

d. Not sufficient information to determine effect on the current ratio.

30. What is consigned inventory?

a. Goods that are shipped, but title transfers to the receiver.

b. Goods that are sold, but payment is not required until the goods are sold.

c. Goods that are shipped, but title remains with the shipper.

d. Goods that have been segregated for shipment to a customer.

31. When using a perpetual inventory system,

a. no Purchases account is used.

b. a Cost of Goods Sold account is used.

c. two entries are required to record a sale.

d. All of these answer choices are correct.

32. Goods in transit which are shipped f.o.b. shipping point should be

a. included in the inventory of the seller.

b. included in the inventory of the buyer.

c. included in the inventory of the shipping company.

d. None of these answer choices are correct.

33. Goods in transit which are shipped f.o.b. destination should be

a. included in the inventory of the seller.

b. included in the inventory of the buyer.

c. included in the inventory of the shipping company.

d. none of these answers are correct.

Valuation of Inventories: A Cost-Basis Approach 8 - 11 34. Which of the following items should be included in a company's inventory at the balance

sheet date?

a. Goods in transit which were purchased f.o.

b. destination.

b. Goods received from another company for sale on consignment.

c. Goods sold to a customer which are being held for the customer to call for at his or her

convenience.

d. None of these answer choices are correct.

Use the following information for questions 35 and 36.

During 2014 Carne Corporation transferred inventory to Nolan Corporation and agreed to repurchase the merchandise early in 2015. Nolan then used the inventory as collateral to borrow from Norwalk Bank, remitting the proceeds to Carne. In 2015 when Carne repurchased the inventory, Nolan used the proceeds to repay its bank loan.

35. This transaction is known as a(n)

a. consignment.

b. installment sale.

c. assignment for the benefit of creditors.

d. product financing arrangement.

36. On whose books should the cost of the inventory appear at the December 31, 2014

balance sheet date?

a. Carne Corporation

b. Nolan Corporation

c. Norwalk Bank

d. Nolan Corporation, with Carne making appropriate note disclosure of the transaction

37. Goods on consignment are

a. included in the consignee's inventory.

b. included in the consignor’s inventory.

c. included in the consignee’s revenue.

d. included in both the consignee’s and the consignor’s inventory.

S38. Valuation of inventories requires the determination of all of the following except

a. the costs to be included in inventory.

b. the physical goods to be included in inventory.

c. the cost of goods held on consignment from other companies.

d. the cost flow assumption to be adopted.

P39. The accountant for the Pryor Sales Company is preparing the income statement for 2014 and the balance sheet at December 31, 2014. Pryor uses the periodic inventory system.

The January 1, 2014 merchandise inventory balance will appear

a. only as an asset on the balance sheet.

b. only in the cost of goods sold section of the income statement.

c. as a deduction in the cost of goods sold section of the income statement and as a

current asset on the balance sheet.

d. as an addition in the cost of goods sold section of the income statement and as a

current asset on the balance sheet.

Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition

8 - 12

P40. If the beginning inventory for 2014 is overstated, the effects of this error on cost of goods sold for 2014, net income for 2014, and assets at December 31, 2015, respectively, are

a. overstatement, understatement, overstatement.

b. overstatement, understatement, no effect.

c. understatement, overstatement, overstatement.

d. understatement, overstatement, no effect.

S41. The failure to record a purchase of merchandise on account even though the goods are properly included in the physical inventory results in

a. an overstatement of assets and net income.

b. an understatement of assets and net income.

c. an understatement of cost of goods sold and liabilities and an overstatement of assets.

d. an understatement of liabilities and an overstatement of owners' equity.

42. Dolan Co. received merchandise on consignment. As of March 31, Dolan had recorded

the transaction as a purchase and included the goods in inventory. The effect of this on its financial statements for March 31 would be

a. no effect.

b. net income was correct and current assets and current liabilities were overstated.

c. net income, current assets, and current liabilities were overstate

d.

d. net income and current liabilities were overstated.

43. Green Co. received merchandise on consignment. As of January 31, Green included the

goods in inventory, but did not record the transaction. The effect of this on its financial statements for January 31 would be

a. net income, current assets, and retained earnings were overstated.

b. net income was correct and current assets were understated.

c. net income and current assets were overstated and current liabilities were understate

d.

d. net income, current assets, and retained earnings were understated.

44. Feine Co. accepted delivery of merchandise which it purchased on account. As of

December 31, Feine had recorded the transaction, but did not include the merchandise in its inventory. The effect of this on its financial statements for December 31 would be

a. net income, current assets, and retained earnings were understated.

b. net income was correct and current assets were understated.

c. net income was understated and current liabilities were overstate

d.

d. net income was overstated and current assets were understated.

45. On June 15, 2014, Wynne Corporation accepted delivery of merchandise which it pur-

chased on account. As of June 30, Wynne had not recorded the transaction or included the merchandise in its inventory. The effect of this on its balance sheet for June 30, 2014 would be

a. assets and stockholders' equity were overstated but liabilities were not affected.

b. stockholders' equity was the only item affected by the omission.

c. assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity were understate

d.

d. assets and liabilities were understated but stockholders’ equity was not affected.

Valuation of Inventories: A Cost-Basis Approach 8 - 13 46. What is the effect of a $50,000 overstatement of last year's inventory on current years

ending retained earning balance?

a. Understated by $50,000.

b. No effect.

c. Overstated by $50,000.

d. Need more information to determin

e.

47. Which of the following is a product cost as it relates to inventory?

a. Selling costs.

b. Interest costs.

c. Raw materials.

d. Abnormal spoilag

e.

48. Which of the following is a period cost?

a. Labor costs.

b. Freight in.

c. Production costs.

d. Selling costs.

49. Which method may be used to record cash discounts a company receives for paying

suppliers promptly?

a. Net method.

b. Gross method.

c. Average metho

d.

d. Both the net method and the gross method.

50. Which of the following is included in inventory costs?

a. Product costs.

b. Period costs.

c. Product and period costs.

d. Neither product or period costs.

51. Which of the following is correct?

a. Selling costs are product costs.

b. Manufacturing overhead costs are product costs.

c. Interest costs for routine inventories are product costs.

d. All of these answers are correct.

52. All of the following costs should be charged against revenue in the period in which costs

are incurred except for

a. manufacturing overhead costs for a product manufactured and sold in the same

accounting period.

b. costs which will not benefit any future period.

c. costs from idle manufacturing capacity resulting from an unexpected plant shutdown.

d. costs of normal shrinkage and scrap incurred for the manufacture of a product in

ending inventory.

Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition

8 - 14

53. Which of the following types of interest cost incurred in connection with the purchase or

manufacture of inventory should be capitalized as a product cost?

a. Purchase discounts lost

b. Interest incurred during the production of discrete projects such as ships or real estate

projects

c. Interest incurred on notes payable to vendors for routine purchases made on a

repetitive basis

d. All of these should be capitalized.

54. The use of a Purchase Discounts Lost account implies that the recorded cost of a

purchased inventory item is its

a. invoice price.

b. invoice price plus the purchase discount lost.

c. invoice price less the purchase discount taken.

d. invoice price less the purchase discount allowable whether taken or not.

55. The use of a Purchase Discounts account implies that the recorded cost of a purchased

inventory item is its

a. invoice price.

b. invoice price plus any purchase discount lost.

c. invoice price less the purchase discount taken.

d. invoice price less the purchase discount allowable whether taken or not.

Use the following information for questions 56 and 57.

During 2014, which was the first year of operations, Oswald Company had merchandise purchases of $985,000 before cash discounts. All purchases were made on terms of 2/10, n/30. Three-fourths of the items purchased were paid for within 10 days of purchase. All of the goods available had been sold at year end.

56. Which of the following recording procedures would result in the highest cost of goods sold

for 2014?

1. Recording purchases at gross amounts

2. Recording purchases at net amounts, with the amount of discounts not taken

shown under "other expenses" in the income statement

a. 1

b. 2

c. Either 1 or 2 will result in the same cost of goods sol

d.

d. Cannot be determined from the information provided.

57. Which of the following recording procedures would result in the highest net income for

2014?

1. Recording purchases at gross amounts

2. Recording purchases at net amounts, with the amount of discounts not taken

shown under "other expenses" in the income statement

a. 1

b. 2

c. Either 1 or 2 will result in the same net income.

d. Cannot be determined from the information provided.

Valuation of Inventories: A Cost-Basis Approach 8 - 15 58. When using the periodic inventory system, which of the following generally would not be

separately accounted for in the computation of cost of goods sold?

a. Trade discounts applicable to purchases during the period

b. Cash (purchase) discounts taken during the period

c. Purchase returns and allowances of merchandise during the period

d. Cost of freight-in for merchandise purchased during the period

S59. Costs which are inventoriable include all of the following except

a. costs that are directly connected with the bringing of goods to the place of business of

the buyer.

b. costs that are directly connected with the converting of goods to a salable condition.

c. buying costs of a purchasing department.

d. selling costs of a sales department.

P60. Which inventory costing method most closely approximates current cost for each of the following:

Ending Inventory Cost of Goods Sold

a. FIFO FIFO

b. FIFO LIFO

c. LIFO FIFO

d. LIFO LIFO

61. In situations where there is a rapid turnover, an inventory method which produces a

balance sheet valuation similar to the first-in, first-out method is

a. average cost.

b. base stock.

c. joint cost.

d. prime cost.

62. The pricing of issues from inventory must be deferred until the end of the accounting

period under the following method of inventory valuation:

a. moving-average.

b. weighted-average.

c. LIFO perpetual.

d. FIFO.

63. An inventory pricing procedure in which the oldest costs incurred rarely have an effect on

the ending inventory valuation is

a. FIFO.

b. LIFO.

c. base stock.

d. weighted-averag

e.

64. Which method of inventory pricing best approximates specific identification of the actual

flow of costs and units in most manufacturing situations?

a. Average cost

b. First-in, first-out

c. Last-in, first-out

d. Base stock

Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition

8 - 16

65. Assuming no beginning inventory, what can be said about the trend of inventory prices if

cost of goods sold computed when inventory is valued using the FIFO method exceeds cost of goods sold when inventory is valued using the LIFO method?

a. Prices decreased.

b. Prices remained unchanged.

c. Prices increase

d.

d. Price trend cannot be determined from information given.

66. In a period of rising prices, the inventory method which tends to give the highest reported

net income is

a. base stock.

b. first-in, first-out.

c. last-in, first-out.

d. weighted-averag

e.

67. In a period of rising prices, the inventory method which tends to give the highest reported

inventory is

a. FIFO.

b. moving average.

c. LIFO.

d. weighted-averag

e.

68. Tanner Corporation's inventory on its balance sheet was lower using first-in, first-out than

it would have been using last-in, first-out. Assuming no beginning inventory, in what direction did the cost of purchases move during the period?

a. Up

b. Down

c. Steady

d. Cannot be determined

69. In a period of rising prices, the inventory method which tends to give the highest reported

cost of goods sold is

a. FIFO.

b. average cost.

c. LIFO.

d. None of these choices are correct.

70. Which of the following statements is not valid as it applies to inventory costing methods?

a. If inventory quantities are to be maintained, part of the earnings must be invested

(plowed back) in inventories when FIFO is used during a period of rising prices.

b. LIFO tends to smooth out the net income pattern by matching current cost of goods

sold with current revenue, when inventories remain at constant quantities.

c. When a firm using the LIFO method fails to maintain its usual inventory position

(reduces stock on hand below customary levels), there may be a matching of old costs

with current revenue.

d. The use of FIFO permits some control by management over the amount of net income

for a period through controlled purchases, which is not true with LIFO.

Valuation of Inventories: A Cost-Basis Approach 8 - 17 71. The acquisition cost of a certain raw material changes frequently. The book value of the

inventory of this material at year end will be the same if perpetual records are kept as it would be under a periodic inventory method only if the book value is computed under the

a. weighted-average method.

b. moving average method.

c. LIFO metho

d.

d. FIFO method.

72. Which of the following is a reason why the specific identification method may be

considered ideal for assigning costs to inventory and cost of goods sold?

a. The potential for manipulation of net income is reduced.

b. There is no arbitrary allocation of costs.

c. The cost flow matches the physical flow.

d. Able to use on all types of inventory.

73. In a period of rising prices which inventory method generally provides the greatest amount

of net income?

a. Average cost.

b. FIFO.

c. LIFO.

d. Specific identification.

74. In a period of falling prices, which inventory method generally provides the greatest

amount of net income?

a. Average cost.

b. FIFO.

c. LIFO.

d. Specific identification.

75. What is a LIFO reserve?

a. The difference between the LIFO inventory and the amount used for internal reporting

purposes.

b. The tax savings attributed to using the LIFO method.

c. The current effect of using LIFO on net income.

d. Change in the LIFO inventory during the year.

76. When a company uses LIFO for external reporting purposes and FIFO for internal

reporting purposes, an Allowance to Reduce Inventory to LIFO account is used. This account should be reported

a. on the income statement in the Other Revenues and Gains section.

b. on the income statement in the Cost of Goods Sold section.

c. on the income statement in the Other Expenses and Losses section.

d. on the balance sheet in the Current Assets section.

77. Which of the following statements is true about specific-goods pooled LIFO approach?

a. It determines and measures any increases and decreases in a pool in terms of total

dollar value

b. Most companies using a LIFO system prefer specific-goods pooled LIFO approach

over dollar-value LIFO

c. It usually results in large LIFO liquidation

d. The reduction of one quantity in the pool may be offset by an increase in another

Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition

8 - 18

78. In the double-extension method, the value of the units in inventory is extended at:

a. twice the base-year prices.

b. twice the current year prices.

c. both base-year prices and current-year prices.

d. only the base-year prices.

79. In the context of dollar-value LIFO, what is a LIFO layer?

a. The difference between the LIFO inventory and the amount used for internal reporting

purposes.

b. The LIFO value of the inventory for a given year.

c. The inventory in base year dollars.

d. The LIFO value of an increase in the inventory for a given year.

S80. Which of the following statements is not true as it relates to the dollar-value LIFO inven-tory method?

a. It is easier to erode LIFO layers using dollar-value LIFO techniques than it is with

specific goods pooled LIFO.

b. Under the dollar-value LIFO method, it is possible to have the entire inventory in only

one pool.

c. Several pools are commonly employed in using the dollar-value LIFO inventory

method.

d. Under dollar-value LIFO, increases and decreases in a pool are determined and

measured in terms of total dollar value, not physical quantity.

S81. Which of the following is not considered an advantage of LIFO when prices are rising?

a. The inventory will be overstated.

b. The more recent costs are matched against current revenues.

c. There will be a deferral of income tax.

d. A company's future reported earnings will not be affected substantially by future price

declines.

82. Which of the following is true regarding the use of LIFO for inventory valuation?

a. If LIFO is used for external financial reporting, then it must also be used for internal

reports.

b. For purposes of external financial reporting, LIFO may not be used with the lower of

cost or market approach.

c. If LIFO is used for external financial reporting, then it cannot be used for tax purposes.

d. None of these answers are correct.

83. The tax benefit that the LIFO method provides might get nullified when:

a. unit costs tend to decrease as production increases.

b. unit costs tend to increase as production increases.

c. revenues are increasing faster than costs.

d. a fairly constant ―base stock‖ is present.

Valuation of Inventories: A Cost-Basis Approach 8 - 19 Multiple Choice Answers—Conceptual

Solutions to those Multiple Choice questions for whi ch the answer is ―none of these are correct.‖34. Goods in transit which were purchased f.o.b. shipping point.

82. If LIFO is used for tax purposes, then it must also be used for external financial reporting.

MULTIPLE CHOICE—Computational

84. Morgan Manufacturing Company has the following account balances at year end:

Office supplies $ 4,000

Raw materials 27,000

Work-in-process 59,000

Finished goods 92,000

Prepaid insurance 6,000

What amount should Morgan report as inventories in its balance sheet?

a. $92,000.

b. $96,000.

c. $178,000.

d. $182,000.

85. Lawson Manufacturing Company has the following account balances at year end:

Office supplies $ 4,000

Raw materials 27,000

Work-in-process 59,000

Finished goods 102,000

Prepaid insurance 6,000

What amount should Lawson report as inventories in its balance sheet?

a. $102,000.

b. $106,000.

c. $188,000.

d. $192,000.

Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting, Fifteenth Edition

8 - 20

86. Elkins Corporation uses the perpetual inventory method. On March 1, it purchased

$30,000 of inventory, terms 2/10, n/30. On March 3, Elkins returned goods that cost $3,000. On March 9, Elkins paid the supplier. On March 9, Elkins should credit

a. purchase discounts for $600.

b. inventory for $600.

c. purchase discounts for $540.

d. inventory for $540.

87. Malone Corporation uses the perpetual inventory method. On March 1, it purchased

$60,000 of inventory, terms 2/10, n/30. On March 3, Malone returned goods that cost $6,000. On March 9, Malone paid the supplier. On March 9, Malone should credit

a. purchase discounts for $1,200.

b. inventory for $1,200.

c. purchase discounts for $1,080.

d. inventory for $1,080.

88. Bell Inc. took a physical inventory at the end of the year and determined that $830,000 of

goods were on hand. In addition, Bell, Inc. determined that $60,000 of goods that were in transit that were shipped f.o.b. shipping point were actually received two days after the inventory count and that the company had $90,000 of goods out on consignment. What amount should Bell report as inventory at the end of the year?

a. $830,000.

b. $890,000.

c. $920,000.

d. $980,000.

89. Bell Inc. took a physical inventory at the end of the year and determined that $810,000 of

goods were on hand. In addition, the following items were not included in the physical count. Bell, Inc. determined that $96,000 of goods purchased were in transit that were shipped f.o.b. destination (goods were actually received by the company three days after the inventory count).The company sold $40,000 worth of inventory f.o.b. destination. What amount should Bell report as inventory at the end of the year?

a. $810,000.

b. $906,000.

c. $850,000.

d. $946,000.

90. Risers Inc. reported total assets of $1,800,000 and net income of $240,000 for the current

year. Risers determined that inventory was overstated by $18,000 at the beginning of the year (this was not corrected). What is the corrected amount for total assets and net income for the year?

a. $1,800,000 and $240,000.

b. $1,800,000 and $258,000.

c. $1,782,000 and $222,000.

d. $1,818,000 and $258,000.

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