专八改错练习百题汇总

(一)

About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could

be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____

pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking ____2____

University.

The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal

Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____

within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4____

families to moderate size.

This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal

deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____

the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control

respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high ____6____

risk categories.

The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7____

maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8_____

pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9____

mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than ____10____

two years apart.

1 将had used 改为used。

因为此句是虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，故条件从句中应使用一般过去时。例如：

Many would be wise if they did not think themselves wise. 许多人原本会成为聪明人－如果他们不自以为聪明的话。

2 将publishing改为published

report和publish时逻辑动宾关系，故应使用publish的过去分词短语来修饰report。例如：

Any discovery that we may make, however small, will remain acquired knowledge. 任何可能的发现，不管多么微不足道，都将成为知识宝库中的一部分。

3 将theirs改为their

4 将among改为between

在两次怀孕期间留出足够的间隔时间，故用between。

5 将过去分词excluded改为介词excluding。

excluding意为?不包括…?

6 将respectably改为respectively

respectively 意为?分别地?，符合句子的意思。而respectably意为?可敬的，值得尊敬地?。

7将evidences改为evidence。

evidence是不可数名词。8将ill改为illness。

9将year改为years。10将lesser改为less

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(二)

?Home, sweet home?is a phrase that express an essential

attitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the

family house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home _____1_____

has great importance for many people.

This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream,

dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlers

of American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house _____2_____

for one’s family, and started a farm. These small households were _____3_____

portraits of independence: the entire family- mother, father, children,

even grandparents-live in a small house and working together to _____4_____

support each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance _____5_____

of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in the

United States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership _____6_____

is just as strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth.

When U.S soldiers came home before World WarⅡ, for example, _____7_____

they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was _____8_____

a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically in

the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied _____9_____

a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their _____10_____

way of life.

1 将no改为not

2 将place改为land

place是可数名词，作?地方?讲，而land意为?土地，田地?是不可数名词。例如：Solitude is a good place to visit but a poor place to stay.

当你偶尔光顾时，独处是一个美妙的境地，但是如果久留，它却是一个糟糕的地方。There is a vacant piece of land near the house; we can build there.

3 将started改为start start应使用不定式，以和前面的find，build一致。

4 将working改为work。

work应该用第三人称复数，和live一致。另外，family在这里作?家人?讲，是复数。

5 将anyone改为everyone

这里是要用everyone指每个人，而不是要用anyone泛指。

6 将but删除7将before改为after 根据上下文判断，这里要表达的是二战之后。

8 将But改为And

根据语意，这里要表达的是递进关系，而不是转折关系。例如：

When I do good, I feel good. When I do bad, I feel bad. And that’s my religion.

当我行善事，我感到坦然；当我行恶时，我感到内疚。这就是我的人生之道。

9 将it改为they 10 在house the中间加入介词as regard…as 作?把……当作……?讲。

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(三)

We live in a society which there is a lot of talk about science, but I would say _____1_____

that there are not 5 percent of the people who are equipped with school, including

college, to understand scientific reasoning. We are more ignorant of science as people _____2_____

with comparable education in Western Europe.

There are a lot of kids who know everything about computers—how to build

them, how to take them apart, and how to write programs for games. So if you ask _____3_____

them to explain about the principles of physics that have gone into creating the _____4_____

computer, you don’t have faintest idea. _____5_____

The failure to understand science leads to such things like the neglect of human _____6_____

creative power. It also takes rise to blurring of the distinction between science and _____7_____

technology. Lots of people don’t differ between the two. Science is the production of _____8_____

new knowledge that can be applied or not, and technology is the application of

knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like. The two are

really different, and people who have the faculty for one very seldom have a

faculty for the others. _____9_____

Science in itself is harmless, more or less. But as soon as it can provide technology,

it’s not necessarily harmful. No society has yet learned to forecast the consequences of _____10_____new technology, which can be enormous.

1.在which前加in，或将which改为where

在这里which引导限制性从句，修饰先行词the society。in which 在从句中作状语，当然也可以用关系副词where引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语，例如：

Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.

2.将as 改为than

3.将So改为But或者However或者Nevertheless。

因为这里上下文是转折关系。

4.将about去掉因为explain是及物动词。

5.将you改为they

6.将like改为as

因为such as 是固定搭配。7.将takes改为gives give rise to表示?引起，导致?之意。

8.将differ改为distinguish

牵着表示?有区别?。后者表示?区分，找出……的差别。

9.将others改为other 这样the other就和上文的one构成固定搭配，表示在两个中?一个……；另外一个……?

10.将harmful改为harmless，只有这样才可以表达上下文的对比关系。

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(四)

What is a black hole? Well, it is difficult to answer the question,

as the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon __1__

are adequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is __2__

a region of space which matter has fallen and from which nothing can __3__

escape—not even light. But we can’t see a black hole. A black hole __4__

exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only

space—or thus we think. How can this happen? __5__

The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases

to a particular point; they ?collapse?and sometimes a supernova occurs.

The collapse of a star may produce a ?White Dwarf?of a ?neutronstar?—

a star which matter is so dense that if continually shrinks by the force of __6___

its own gravity. But if the star is very large, this process of shrinking may

be so intense that a black hole results in. Imagine the earth reduced to the __7__

size of a marble, but still having the same masses and a stronger __8__

gravitational pull, and you have some ideas of the force of a black hole. __9__

And no matter near the black hole is sucked in. __10__

supernova 名词，[天]超新星

1. 将as 改为since或者because。在表示原因的连接词中，只有as引导的原因状语从句不能位于主句之后，只能位于句首。

2 .将adequate 改为inadequate，或者在are后加not。从逻辑上分析，因为我们拥有的科学术语?不充足?，所以才无法回答这个问题，所以用否定形式。

3. 在which 前加into。这是一个定语从句，意思是?黑洞是太空中物质可以掉进去的地方?，所以定语从句应该为?into which matter has fallen?。

4. 将but 改为so。上文已提到?连光都无法从黑洞中逃出?，所以我们根本无法看到黑洞。这里应该是因果关系，而不是转折关系。

5 .将thus改为so。这句话的意思是?那只是空间—或者我们认为它只是空间?。so做think 的宾语，thus 只能做连词，不能做宾语。

6. 将which 改为whose。这个定语从句的意思是?它是一颗星，其密度非常大，由于自身的引力，它在不断地收缩?。matter 属于star，所以关系代词应该用whose。

7 .去掉in。result为不及物动词，意为?形成了?，而?result in sth。?意为?导致某结果?。

8. 将masses 改为mass。mass 可指?大量的物质?，而?the masses?特指?劳动群众?，用在此处不妥。

9 .将ideas 改为idea。?idea?在表达?印象?时，为不可数名词，不可以用复数。

10. 将no改为any。分析便知，任何在黑洞附近的东西都会被吸进去。

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(五)

改错题出现的错误经常包括：语法；词汇；语篇

1. 语法包括英语的时态，语态，倒装句，虚拟语气，主，谓，宾在数，格，人称上的一致。

2 .词汇方面，短文改错在用词上的错误主要集中在以下几个方面：

名次单复数，可数名词和不可数名词的差异，形容词与副词，连词与介词的误用，同义词的混淆等。

3. 语篇的改错旨在测试做题者在具体语境上下文中使用语法和词汇的能力。从逻辑的意义上看，句与句之间的关系可以分为顺序，并列，时间，空间，层递，对比，转折，解释，因果，过渡，推论等。最好的做法是先通读全文，结合上下文的逻辑关系回答问题。

The great whales are among the most fascinating creatures which __1__

have ever lived on the earth, and one of them, the blue whale, is the

largest. People in ancient times thought whales as fearsome __2__

monsters of the ocean depths. So to hunt a whale, when one

occasionally swam toward shore, he was high adventure. People __3__

found the adventure was rewarding, too, for the oil and meat from

one whale alone could heat and feed a village for a whole winter.

Whales resemble huge fish. They were referred by the ancients as __4__

?great fish,?and any whale beaching along the coasts of England

was designated ?the King’s fish?because it automatically belonged

to the Crown.

Ever since those early times, human have felt whales a sense of __5__

wonder mixed with an intense desire to capture, slaughter, and

exploit. Now the slaughter has reached alarming proportions. __6__

Even though some species are protected by the regulations of

the International Whaling Commission and theoretically all whale

hunting is regulated, but the earth’s stock of whales is still being __7__

depleted. In fact, some scientists worry that 100 years since now __8__

there may be no whales left. If this happens, mankind will

be blame for removing from the earth forever a remarkable and __9__

awe-inspiring creature that always fed man’s imagination and __10__

made the world a more exciting place

1. 将which改为that。先行词由最高修饰时定语从句的关系代词只能用that。

2. 在thought 后面加of，或者将thought 改为regarded。?think of A as B?，指?把A看作B?，为固定搭配。

3. 去掉he。这句话的主语是?to hunt a whale?，?to hunt a whale was high adventure?。中间的?when…?只是插入的状语从句。

4. 在referred后加to。?refer to A as B?只?把A称作B?，这句话的意思是?古人把鲸称作大鱼?。

5. 在felt 后加for。这句话实际的结构是?feel a sense of wonder for whales?指?对鲸怀有惊奇的感觉?，for引出对象。

6. 在exploit后加them。capture，slaughter，exploit都是及物动词，后面必须加宾语。

7. 去掉but。前面已有?even though?，后面就不应该再用but。

8 .将since改为from。?100 years from now?指?从现在起100年后?since 只能用于完成时。

9. 在blame前加to。?be to blame for sth ?指?对某事应负责任?，为固定搭配。

10. 在always前加has。这个定语从句强调对现在的影响，很明显应该用完成时，不能用过去式。

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(六)

We use language every day. We live in a world of words. Hardly any

moment passes with someone talking, writing or reading. Indeed, __1__

languages is most essential to mankind. Our lives increasingly depend

on fast and successful use of language. Strangely enough, we know __2__

more about things around us than on ourselves. For example, language __3__

is species specific, that is, it is language that differs human from __4__

animals. However, we do not know yet how exactly we inquire language __5__

and how it is possible for us to perceive through language; nor we __6__

understand precisely the combinations between language and thought, __7__

language and logic, or language and culture; still less, how and when

language started. One reason for this inadequate knowledge of language

is that we, like language users, take too many things for granted. __8__

Language comes to every normal person so naturally that a few __9__

of us stop to question what language is, much less do we feel the

necessity to study it. Language is far more complex than most people

have probably imagined and the necessity to study it is far greater than

some people may have assured. Linguistic is a branch of science which __10__

takes language as its object of investigation.

1. with 改为without。?hardy any moment passes without someone…?, 两个否定: without 和hardly，意思是?每一时刻有人……?。

2. fast 前面加the因为fast and successful use 这个词组后边有一个前臵词短语of language 修饰use，所以被修饰的词前面加定冠词。

3. than on ourselves 改为than things on ourselves。在这里比较的是两件事：things around us and things on ourselves(我们周围的事物和我们自身的东西)。第二个things不能省略，否则引起误解。

4. differs 改为distinguishes。语言区分人与动物，differ是不及物动词，后面不能带宾语，只能用介词，如：Man differs from animals in that man possesses language。

5. inquire改为acquire?习得语言?应该是acquire language，名词短语是language acquisition。Inquire 是?询问?的意思。

6. we前面加上do 副词nor放在句首表示强调，应用倒装句，一般现在时强调句是在主语前面加助动词do。

7. combination改为relationships.语言和思维的关系，不是结合；语言和思维的关系是当代语言学研究的重要领域。

8. like 改为as。根据上下文，要表达的意思是?作为语言的使用者?，不是?像语言的使用者?。

9. a 去掉这里是否定的意思：?我们没有多少人……?而不是?我们一些人.….?。

10. assured 改为assumed. 这句的后半部分意思是?研究语言的必要性比我们想象的要大得多?。Assure译为?确保?；assume译为?假设?或者?想象?的意思。

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(七)

Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as

ten years before, you can’t help being strucked by the __1__

appearance of the women taking part. Their hair styles and

make-up look date; their skirts look either too long or too __2__

short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous.

The men taking part, on other hand, are clearly recognizable. __3__

There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that

they belong to an entire different age. This illusion is created __4__

by changing fashions. Over the years, the great minority of men __5__

have successfully resisted all attempts to make it change their __6__

style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year,

a fewer so-called top designers in Paris and London lay down __7__

on the law and women around the world run to obey. The __8__

decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial.

Sometime they decide arbitrarily, that skirts will be short and __9__

waists will be height; hips are in and buttons are out. __10__

1. strucked改为struck或者stricken

过去分词形式有误。strike的过去式是struck，过去分词为struck或者stricken。

2. date改为dated或者outdated

3. on other hand 改为on the other hand

4. entire改为entirely

副词修饰形容词different，并与different一起修饰age。

5. minority改为majority

从上下文以及常识判断，多半男性成功地抵制了改变他们服装款式的企图，即多年来，男性大服装款式跟女性服饰相比没有多大的变化。

6. it改为them

them指代the great majority of men。

7. fewer改为few

此处没有比较的意味。

8.去掉on lay down为习语，表示?规定(规则，原则，法规等)?。

9. sometime改为sometimes。10. height改为high 形容词作be 的表语。

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(七)

Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as

ten years before, you can’t help being strucked by the __1__

appearance of the women taking part. Their hair styles and

make-up look date; their skirts look either too long or too __2__

short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous.

The men taking part, on other hand, are clearly recognizable. __3__

There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that

they belong to an entire different age. This illusion is created __4__

by changing fashions. Over the years, the great minority of men __5__

have successfully resisted all attempts to make it change their __6__

style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year,

a fewer so-called top designers in Paris and London lay down __7__

on the law and women around the world run to obey. The __8__

decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial.

Sometime they decide arbitrarily, that skirts will be short and __9__

waists will be height; hips are in and buttons are out. __10__

1. strucked改为struck或者stricken

过去分词形式有误。strike的过去式是struck，过去分词为struck或者stricken。

2. date改为dated或者outdated

3. on other hand 改为on the other hand

4. entire改为entirely

副词修饰形容词different，并与different一起修饰age。

5. minority改为majority

从上下文以及常识判断，多半男性成功地抵制了改变他们服装款式的企图，即多年来，男性大服装款式跟女性服饰相比没有多大的变化。

6. it改为them

them指代the great majority of men。

7. fewer改为few

此处没有比较的意味。

8.去掉on lay down为习语，表示?规定(规则，原则，法规等)?。

9. sometime改为sometimes。

10. height改为high

形容词作be 的表语。

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(九)

When you start talking about good and bad manners you immediately start

meeting difficulties. Many people just cannot agree what they mean. We asked a

lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a well-mannered person on the __1__

way they occupied the space around them—for example, when such a person

walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of others. Such people never __2__

bump into other people.

However, a second person thought that this was more a question of

civilized behavior as good manners. Instead, this other person told us a story, __3__

it he said was quite well-known, about an American who had been invited __4__

to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East. The American __5__

hasn’t been told very much about the kind of food he might expect. If he had __6__

known about American food, he might have behaved better. __7__

Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked, to

him, very much as a napkin. Picking it up, he put it into his collar, so that __8__

it falls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had been watching, __9__

said of nothing, but immediately copied the action of his guest. __10__

And that, said this second person, was a fine example of good manners.

1.将on改为by。?by the way?作?根据……方式?讲。

2. 将unaware改为aware

根据下文中的?Such a person never bump into other people?判断，这种人不会?目中无人?。

3. 将as改为than?more + adj/of + n + than?是固定搭配。

4. 将it改为which which在此引导一个非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语，需要注意的是，在从句中he said是插入语。

5. 将at改为in 名词the country前要用介词in。

6. 将hasn’t改为hadn’t根据上下文我们可以看出这里需要使用过去完成时。

7. 将American改为Arab。根据上文，我们可以看出，这里讲述的是赴?阿拉伯?传统宴会的?美国人?的故事，而不是赴?美国?传统宴会的?美国人?的故事。

8. 将as 改为like 介词as意思为?作为?，like意思为?像?。

9. 将falls改为fell 这里要使用一般过去时。

10. 将第一个of删掉。say作为及物动词，后面可直接跟名词作宾语。

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(十)

A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothing

new in the history of cities, except in their scale. Some cities have lost their

original purpose and have not found new one. And any large or rich city is __1__

going to attract poor immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of __2__

prosperity which are then often disappointing. There are backward towns on the

edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were on the edge of __3__

seventeenth-century London or early nineteenth-century Paris. This is new is __4__

the scale. Descriptions written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of

Mexico City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there, are very __5__

dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today—the poor can still be numbered __6__

in millions.

The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity, but behind it lies __7__

two myths; the myth of the city as a promised land, that attracts immigrants __8__

from rural poverty and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the __9__

country as a Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late, sends them flood __10__

-ing out again to the suburbs.:

1. 在new one前加a

这里one指代上下文中的可数名词purpose，因此该词前要有限定词。

2. 将filling改为filled

在这里，非谓语动词fill与句子的who（poor immigrants）之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此要使用过去分词来表示被动意义。

3. 去掉though

4. 将this改为what

根据句子结构，我们可以看出这里需要一个关系代词，它既能引导主语从句，同时也可以在从句中作主语，这个关系代词就是what。如：

What I like in a good author is not what he says，but what he whispers。

5. 将was改为were

that引导定语从句，其先行词是descriptions…and the enormous contrasts,因此谓语动词be要用复数。

6. 将dissimilar 改为similar

这里要表示的是?共同，相似?之处。

7.将lies 改为lie behind it lie two myths 是个倒装句，主语为two myths，可见谓语动词要使用复数。

8. 将that改为which 这里是一个非限制性定语从句，因此不可用that，而要用which。

9. 将it改为them 复数名词immigrants的代词，所以要用复数形式。10. 将late改为later

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(十一)

Artists use caricature to distort the human face or figure for comic affect, __1__

while at the same time capturing an identifiable likeness and suggests the essence __2__

of the personality or character beneath the surface. The humor lies in the fact __3__

the caricature is recognizable, and yet exaggerated.

From their origin in Europe as witty sketches, caricature grew through __4__

the eighteenth and nineteenth century, becoming enormously popular in __5__

the United States early in this century. In 1920s and 1930s especially,

this lively form of illustration was appeared in newspapers and __6__

magazines throughout the country. The caricaturists in this era drew his __7__

portraits of important figures primary to entertain. In spirit their work was __8__

close to the humor of the fast-developing comic strip and gag cartoon than to the __9__

string of political satire. Their subjects were more often amusing than offended __10__

by amiable attacks.

1. 将affect改为effect affect是动词。effect是名词。

2. 将suggests改为suggesting 这是一个以while引导的从句，其中suggest应该与capturing并列。

3.在fact后面加上that 因为引导同位语从句的关系词不可以省略。

4. 将their改为its 这里its指代单数名词caricature

5. 将century改为复数形式

6. 将was省略appear是不及物动词，不应用于被动语态。

7. 将his改为their这里指代复数名词the caricaturists

8. 将primary改为primarily primarily在这里做状语，修饰不定式短语

9. 将close改为比较级形式closer从后面的连词than，可以看出，这里使用了比较状语从句

10. 将amusing改为amused主语subject（受攻击的人）和amuse的逻辑关系是动宾关系，应使用过去分词形式。

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(十二)

Most people would describe water like a colorless liquid. They __1__

would know that in very cold conditions it becomes a solid called

ice and that when heating on a fire it becomes a vapor called steam. __2__

However, water, they would say, is a liquid. We have learned that

water consists of molecules composed with two atoms of hydrogen __3__

and one atom of oxygen, which we describe by the formula H2O.

This is equally true of the solid called ice and the gas called steam.

Chemically there is no difference between the gas, the liquid, and

the solid, all of which is made up of molecules with the formula H2O. __4__

This is true of other chemical substances; most of them can exist as

gases or as liquids or as solids. We may normally think of iron as a

solid, but if we will heat it in a furnace, it will melt and become a __5__

liquid, and at very high temperatures it will become a gas. Nothing

very permanent occurs when a gas changes into a liquid or a solid.

Everyone knows that ice, which has been made by freezing water,

can be melted again by warmed and that steam can be condensed __6__

on a cold surface to become liquid water. In fact, it is only because

water is so a familiar substance that different names are used for __7__

the solid, liquid and gas. Most substances are only familiar with __8__

us in one state, because the temperatures requiring to turn them __9__

into gases are very high, or the temperatures necessary to turn them

into solids are so low. Water is an exception in this respect, which

is another reason why its three states have given three different names. __10__

1. 改like为as describe sth as sth 是把……描述成……的意思。

2. 改heating为heated

在时间，条件，让步等状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语是一致的时候，可以将从句的主语和be的变化形式省略。

3. 改with为of be composed of 意思为?包括，由……组成?

4. 改is made up 为are made up

which 指代上文中的the gas，the liquid，and the solid，表示复数概念，所以要用are

5. 将第一个will去掉在时间条件状语从句和条件状语从句中要用现在时表示将来时。

6. by改为when when warm 相当于when it is warmed

7. 改so为such 8. 改with为to 短语familiar to 后面才能接?某人?familiar with 是接sth

9. 改requiring为required 过去分词短语作后臵定语时，和被修饰的名词时逻辑动宾关系。

10. have 后加been动词give和主语three states 是动宾关系

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(十三)

Classic Intention Movement

In social situations, the classic Intention Movement is ?the

chair-grasp?. Host and guest have been talking for some time, but

now the host has an appointment to keep and can get away. His urge __1__

to go is held in cheek by his desire not be rude to his guest. If he did __2__

not care of his guest’s feelings he would simply get up out of his chair __3__

and to announce his departure. This is what his body wants to do, __4__

therefore his politeness glues his body to the chair and refuses to let him __5__

raise. It is at this point that he performs the chair-grasp Intention __6__

Movement. He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans

forward and grasps the arms of the chair as about to push himself upwards. __7__

This is the first act he would make if he were rising. If he were not __8__

hesitating, it would only last the fraction of the second. He would lean, __9__

push, rise, and be up. But now, instead, it lasts much longer. He

holds his ?readiness-to-rise?post and keeps on holding it. It is as if his __10__

body had frozen at the get-ready moment.

1. 将can改为must

根据上下文的意思?主人有一个约会，必须离开?是客观要求，而不是?能不能?或者?可不可以?的问题。

2. not后面加to desire 后应该加动词不定式to do something。

3. 将of 改为about

care about意思为?对…在意，在乎?，而care of 意思为?转交?

（觉得还可以直接去掉of，care 本身也有在乎的意思，可是答案不这么写，你怎么看嘞？）

4. 删掉and或者to。

5. 将therefore 改为yet或but 这两部分之间应是转折的关系。

6. 将raise改为rise raise 是及物动词，后面必须加宾语，而且在此与文章意思不符。rise意为?起身?，?站起来?，符合文义。

7. 在as 和about之间加上if或者though

此处的意思是主人身子往前倾，双手抓着椅子，好像就要站起来一样。as if/ though to do something 意思为?仿佛要做什么事情?。

8. 将make改为perform或do此处考查搭配问题，动词make与前面的act不能搭配。

9.将the改为a a fraction of a second 意思为非常短暂的时间。10. 将post改为posture

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(十四)

The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric human __1__

ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing with animal foods __2__

An analysis of 58 societies of modern hunter-gatherers, including the Kung of

southern Africa, revealed that one-half emphasize gathering plants foods,

one-third concentrate on fishing, and only one-sixth are primarily hunters,

Overall, two-thirds and more of the hunter-gatherer’s calories come from __3__

plants. Detailed studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University

of London, showed that gathering is a more productive source of food

than is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 edible __4__

calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. __5__

Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung diet, and no __6__

one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, if they escape fatal infections

or accidents, these contemporary aborigines live to old ages despite of the absence __7__

of medical care. They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little

dental decay, no high blood pressure, no heart disease, and their blood

cholesterol levels are very low (about half of the average American adult). __8__

If no one is suggesting that we return to an aboriginal life style, we certainly __9__

could use their eating habits as a model for healthier diet. __10__

1. 将as 改为like 此处的意思是?像史前人类祖先那样生活?。

2. 将supplementing改为supplemented

supplemented 修饰diet，可以看作which is supplemented with animal foods的简化形式。

3. 将and 改为or

4. 将in改为on on average 是固定用法。

5. 将as 改为while或者whereas

6. 删掉for，或者将provide改为account此处provide 是及物动词，后面不用介词for

7. 删掉第一个of despite 做介词，后面直接接名词。

8. 在half后加that that 指代前面的blood cholesterol levels，不能省略，因为这里是将部落成员的胆固醇含量与美国人的胆固醇含量相比较。

9.将if改为whereas或者while此处意思为?尽管没有人……,但是……?，是转折关系。

10.在for后面加不定冠词a。

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(十五)

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronun-

ciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the

fact that pronunciation is learnt ‘naturally’and unconsciously, and orthography __1__

is learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain

throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech sounds __2__

like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock when we __3__

firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we recognize at once, __4__

whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. We __5__

begin the ‘natural’learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to

read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and __6__

practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every __7__

day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult English spelling.

This is ‘natural’, therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our im- __8__

mediate circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates a means of holding a

community and to give a sense of ‘belonging’. We learn quite early to recognize a __9__

‘stranger’, someone who speaks with an accent of a different community—perhaps

only a few miles far. __10__

1. 将and改为whereas/but/yet

2. 将with改为of unconscious of 是固定搭配。

3. 删掉out speak out 意思为?大胆地说?，?大声地说?，与此处意思不符。

4. 将firstly改为first

5. 将which改为that或者将which删掉。限制性定语从句前面的先行词是something，因此要用that引导定语从句。也可以将which删掉，不用任何引导词。

6. 将went改为go

7. 删掉per或者every

8. 将Thi s改为It It在此处做形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语。

9. 在community后面加together此处的大意为?语音是把社区团结在一起的工具?。

10. 将far改为away?只有几英里远?应是a few miles away。

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(十六)

Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior.

Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised __1__

hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football

and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate and he scores a goal, __2__

enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey. __3__

To understand how this transformation has taken place we

must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a million __4__

year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival depended on success __5__

in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even if their __6__

bodies, became radically changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers,

aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They co-operate as skillful male-group __7__

attackers.

Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long formative __8__

period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence,

so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new use—that of penning, __9__

controlling and domesticating their prey. The food was there on the farms,

awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer __10__

essential for survival.

1. 将viewing改为viewed非谓语动词view和句子的主语是逻辑动宾关系。

2 .将inaccurate改为accurate如果真的目标不准确，也就不可能进球了（he scores a goal）。

3 .在enjoys前面加he

由于前面if his aim is accurate and he scores a goal 是条件状语从句，因此可见这里是主句，主句的主语he是不可以省略的。4 .将look up at的up省略5 .将year变为复数6 .将if去掉7 .将co-operate 改为co-operated 8 .将when改为after9.将were改为was该谓语动词的主语是Their improved intelligence，是单数。

10. 将farming改为hunting

纵观全文，在从事种植业后，?狩猎?而不是?农耕?的危险和不确定性对人们的生存已经不再那么重要了。英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(十七)

During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifeblood

of Western Canada. People on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheat

in almost as much feeling as if they were growers. The marketing of wheat __1__

became an increasing favorite topic of conversation. __2__

War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop.

For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on through

the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn,

so farmers could not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that __3__

they sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts were coming due, __4__

just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions, producers __5__

groups asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to become __6__

involving, at least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild. __7__

Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal government appointed __8__

a board of grain supervisors to deal with deliveries from the crops of 1917

and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices

fixed by the board. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government appointed __9__

the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to buy, sell, and set prices. __10__

将in改为with将increasing改为incresingly将so改为but删掉soon或者shortly将just改为only在asked 后面加上for

将involving改为involved将life改为living删掉with或将handle改为d eal . 将total改为

full/complete/absolute/overall

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(十八)

For the last fifteen or twenty years the fashion in criticism or appreciation

of the arts have been to deny the existence of any valid criteria and to make the __1__

words ?good? or ?bad?irrelevant, immaterial, and inapplicable. There is no such

thing, we are told, like a set of standards first acquired through experience and __2__

knowledge and late imposed on the subject under discussion. This has been a __3__

popular approach, for it relieves the critic of the responsibility of judgment and the

public by the necessity of knowledge. It pleases those resentful of disciplines, it __4__

flatters the empty-minded by calling him open-minded, it comforts the __5__

confused. Under the banner of democracy and the kind of quality which our

forefathers did no mean, it says, in effect, ?Who are you to tell us what is good

or bad??This is same cry used so long and so effectively by the producers of mass __6__

media who insist that it is the public, not they, who decide what it wants to hear __7__

and to see, and that for a critic to say that this program is bad and that program

is good is pure a reflection of personal taste. Nobody recently has expressed this __8__

philosophy most succinctly than Dr. Frank Stanton, the highly intelligent __9__

president of CBS television. At a hearing before the Federal Communications

Commission, this phrase escaped from him under questioning: ?One man’s mediocrity __10__

is another man’s good program?.

1. 将have改为has该句的主语the fashion是单数.

2. 将like改为as such as 是固定搭配.

3. 将late改为later later和上文first对应.

4. 将by改为of或者from relieve sb of/ from sth 是固定搭配, 意思为?减轻某人(的负担等)?

5. 将him改为them因为其先行词为the empty-minded,而?the+adj/p.p?表示一类人时,通常表示复数概念.

6. 在same前加the the same 表示?唯一,独一无二?的概念,因此必须加定冠词.

7. 将decide改为decides该句的主语the public 表示的是单数概念.,这一点从后面的代词it 可以看得出来.

8. 将pure改为purely在这里purely作状语,修饰谓语动词,因此应使用副词.

9. 将most改为more more than 搭配,引导出比较状语从句.

10. 将from去掉escape在作?被某人情不自禁地说出来?讲时,是及物动词,而只在作?逃跑?讲时,才时不及物动词.

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(十九)

When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the

world it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them __1__

have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most __2__

obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful

capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing __3__

the new born child can do to ensure his own survival. Without care from some

other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a

child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked

contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within __4__

minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young

animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, __5__

compared with the human infant, they very quickly develop the capacity to

fend for them. __6__

It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally

dependent on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all __7__

other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,

biologists now suggest that language be ?species specific?to the human race, __8__

that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in __9__

such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just __10__

as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just

as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they

are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development as

well-formed human beings.

1 在any infant 中间加other在比较一物与他物,一人与他人的异同时,必须从比较对象中排除该物或该人.

2 将have改为has该谓语动词的主语为neither,所以要使用单数形式.

3 将pay改为draw/call/attract/elicit这里要表达的是?引起注意?.

4 将on改为to get/ rise/ spring to one’s feet 作?起身,站起来?将.

5 in risk 改为in danger 或者at risk

6 将them 改为themselves根据上下文,我们可以看出,这里需要一个代词来作fend for 的宾语.

7 删除定冠词the

8 将be 改为is在这里suggest 作?认为,提出看法,暗示说?讲,不作?建议?讲, 因此,不可使用虚拟语气.

9 讲geneti c改为genetically这里副词genetically 修饰过去分词programmed.

10 在such way 中间加入a名词way为可数名词单数,因此前面要使用不定冠词.

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(二十)

The grammatical words which play so large a part in English grammar are for

the most part sharply and obviously different from the lexical words. A rough

and ready difference which may seem the most obvious is that grammatical __1__

words have ?less meaning?, but in fact some grammarians have called them __2__

?empty?words as opposed in the ?full?words of vocabulary. But this is a rather __3__

misled way of expressing the distinction. Although a word like the is not the name __4__

of something as man is, it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a __5__

sharp difference in meaning between ?man is vile?and ?the man is vile?, yet the

is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. Moreover, grammatical words __6__

differ considerably among themselves as the amount of meaning they have even in __7__

the lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been ?little words.?

But size is by no mean a good criterion for distinguishing the grammatical words.?__8__

of English, when we consider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. __9__

Apart from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some people say:

we certainly do create a great number of obscurity when we omit them. This is __10__

illustrated not only in the poetry of Robert Browning but in the prose of telegrams

and newspaper headlines.

1 删掉the此处的most并不表示obvious的最高级，而是用作副词修饰obvious，表示程度很高，因此前面不能加the。

2 将but改为and根据文章的意思，这里要用并列关系的and。

3 将in改为toas apposed to 是固定搭配，意思是?与……相比?。

4 将misled改为misleading

5删掉away此处考查固定用法。far from being...意思为?远非??远远不怎么样?，符合这里的意思。而far away from 表示离某处很远。6 将single改为only或者sole这里要表达?唯一的?。

7 在as后面加to或者将as 改为in

联系上下文，此处的意思是?grammatical words 本身在某某方面也有相当的差异，?as to 有?关于?或者?在某某方面的意思?；将as改为in，用differ from something in…也可表达这个意思。

8 将mean改为means 9 将as改为like，或者在as前面加such

10 将number改为deal或者amount obscurity是不可数名词，不能用a number of 来修饰。

21

More people die of tuberculosis than of any other disease caused by a single agent. This has probably been the case in quite a while. During the __1__ early stages of the industrial revolution, ...

More people die of tuberculosis than of any other disease caused by a single agent. This has probably been the case in quite a while. During the __1__ early stages of the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh __2__ deaths in Europe’s crowded cities were caused by the disease. From __3__ now on, though, western eyes, missing the global picture, saw the trouble __4__ going into decline. With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily through the 19th and __5__ 20th centuries. In the 1950s, the introduction of antibiotics strengthened the trend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowed to be imported to __6__ poor countries. Medical researchers declared victory and withdrew.

They are wrong. In the mid1980s the frequency of infections and deaths __7__ started to pick up again around the world. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came __8__ back; in many places where it had never been away, it grew better. The World __9__ Health Organization estimates that 1.7 billion people (a third of the earth’s population)suffer from tuberculosis. Even when the infection rate was falling,population growth kept the number of clinical cases more or less constantly at 8 __10__ million a year. Around 3 million of those people died, nearly all of them in poor countries.

答案：tuberculosis n.肺结核antibiotics n.抗生素, 抗生学

1 将in改为for。for quite a while 作?相当长时间?讲.

2 将seventh改为seven

3 将were改为was。这个谓语动词的主语是单数短语one in every seven deaths, 因此要使用单数.

4将now 改为then5将Europe前的the 去掉

6 将imported改为exported。根据上下文,应该是向穷国出口抗生素,而不是从这些国家进口抗生素.

7 将are 改为were

8 在vanished 前加had。这里要表达的是?结核病原来消失的地方,又爆发了结核病?,所以要使用过去完成时.

9 将better改为worse。在结合病没有消失的地方,这种病更加严重了,因此要用worse.

10 将constantly改为constant。在?keep sb/ sth adj?结构中的形容词作补语.

22

One of America’s most important export is her modern music. __1__ American popular music is playing all over the world. It is enjoyed __2__ by people of all ages in all countries. Because ...

One of America’s most important export is her modern music. __1__ American popular music is playing all over the world. It is enjoyed __2__ by people of all ages in all countries. Because the lyrics are English, __3__ nevertheless people not speaking English enjoy it. The reasons for its popularity are its fast pace and rhythmic beat.The music has many origins in the United States. Country music,coming from the suburban areas in the southern United States, is one __4__ source. Country music features simple themes and melodies describing

day-to-day situations and the feelings of country people. Many people appreciate this music because the emotions expressed by country __5__ music songs. A second origin of American popular music is the blues. It depicted

__6__ mostly sad feelings reflecting the difficult lives of American blacks. It is usually played and sung by black musicians, but it is not popular with __7__ all Americans.

Rock music is a newer form of music. This music style, featuring fast and repetitious rhythms, was influenced by the blues and country music. It is first known as rock-and- roll in the 1950’s. Since then there

__8__ have been many forms of rock music, hard rock, soft rock, punk rock,disco music and others. Many performers of popular rock music are young musicians.American popular music is marketed to a demanding audience.Now popular songs are heard on the radio several times a day. Some songs become popular all over the world. People hear these songs sing __9__ in their original English or sometimes translated into other languages.

The words may coincide but the enjoyment of the music is universal. __10__

1改export为exports。export作可数名词时指出口商品,同时根据one of 结构也可以知道这里export要用复数结构.

2 改playing为played。动词play和句子主语American popular music是逻辑动宾关系,必须用被动语态.

3 改Because为Though或者Although。此句为让步状语从句.

4 改suburban为rural。这里属于词义用错,suburban为城市郊区,乡村音乐显然来自乡村地区.

5 改because为because of

6 改depicted为depicts。本句错在时态.句意为?blues大多抒发哀伤情感,反映美国黑人的艰难生活.?为与全文主导时态一致,不能用过去时.此外,blues现在的风格依旧,故用现在时.

7 将not去掉.8 改is为was。此句有过去时间状语in the 1950’s, 陈述过去的一个事实,故用一般过去时态. 9 改sing为sung。sung 引导过去分词短语作宾语补足语,表被动意思.

10 改coincide为differ（在may后加not也可以）。此句含有连词but,整个句意含有转折语气.

23

Cities can be frightened places. The majority of __1__ the population live in noisy massive tower blocks. The sense of belonging to a community tends to appear __2__ when you live thirty floors u ...

Cities can be frightened places. The majority of __1__ the population live in noisy massive tower blocks. The sense of belonging to a community tends to appear __2__ when you live thirty floors up in a skyscraper. Strange __3__ enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks even say hello to each __4__ other.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally keep the inhabitants of a small village togeth- __5__ er. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. So __6__ country life has disadvantages too. For example, shopping becomes a major problem and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go for an expe- __7__ dition to the nearest large town. The country has the advantage of peaceful and quiet, but suffers from the __8__ isadvantages of being cut off. The city has noise and population which do harm to human health. But one of their main advantages is that you are at the centre of __9__ things and that life doesn’t come to an end even at ten at night. Some people have found a compromise be-tween the two: they expressed their preference for the quiet life by leaving for the city and moving to the __10__ country within commuting distance of the large city.

1.把frightened改为frightening。frightened是?受到惊吓的?，表明心理状态，而frightening表示?令人害怕的?，表示事物性质。

2.把appear改为disappear。?当你住在摩天大厦的三十层里?，可以推测这里要表达的是归属感的消失，而不是产生归属感。

3.把Strange改为Strangely。Strangely enough，是固定短语，经常用作插入语，意思是?说也奇怪，最奇怪的是?。

4.在say前面加上don’t。此处说的是，现在住在同一层楼的人甚至见面都不打招呼。

5.把keep改为keeps。in that 引导的句子主语应该是a sense，故谓语应为单数。本句的意思是，农村生活与这种隔绝孤立的生活不同，因为一种归属感把小村里的居民联系在一起。

6.把so 改为but/yet。上文提到了乡村生活的好处，下文是转折，要用but或者yet。

7.把for改为on。?去远征?应该用go on a expedition，而go for 的意思是?去找，努力获取，拥护?。

8.把peaceful改为peace。of 后面不应该用形容词，所以应该改为peace。这里需要注意的是quiet既是名词又是形容词，不要被迷惑。

9.把their改为its。此处的代词应该指代上文的the city。

10.删除leaving后面的for，或者把for改为from。leave表示?离开某地?，而leave for表示?离开某地去另外一个地方?，for后面接的是目的地。本句说的是离开城市，搬到乡村，所以for是多余的

24

Planning is a very important activity in our lives. It can give pleasure, even excitement, and it can cause quite severe headaches. __1__ The most significant the task ahead, the more careful ...

Planning is a very important activity in our lives. It can give pleasure, even excitement, and it can cause quite severe headaches. __1__ The most significant the task ahead, the more careful the planning __2__ required. Getting to school or to work on time is a task requiring few __3__ or no planning, it is almost routine. A month’s touring holiday abroad,or better still, getting married, is a different matter altogether. If the matter involve a church wedding, a reception, a honeymoon in Venice, __4__ and returning a new home, this requires even more planning

to make __5__ sure that it is successful. Planning is our way of trying to ensure success and of avoiding costly failures we can not suffer. It is equally essential __6__ to individual nations and families; the scale may be vary, but the degree __7__ of importance does not. In the essence, a nation planning its resources __8__ and needs do not differ from the familiar weekly shopping or monthly __9__ household budget. Both are designed to ensure an adequate supply of essentials, and if improperly carried out, will avoid shortages, wastage __10__ and

over-expenditure.

1 将and 改为or。or表示?或者?，因为前后是两种截然不同的可能性，所以应该用or。

2 将most改为more

3 将few改为little

4 将involve 改为involves。因为主语the matter 为单数，例如：Although planning involves material investment, even more important is the investment in man.虽然作机会应该包括物资投资，但最重要的是对人的投资。

5 在returning后加介词to

6 将suffer改为afford

7 去掉be。vary是动词，可与助动词或者情态动词构成谓语，也可以独立构成谓语，例如：The weather varies from hour to hour in some mountain districts.

8 去掉the。in essence 是固定习语，意为?本质上，实质的?

9 将do改为does。主语是动名词复合结构a nation planning its resources and needs, 应视为单数，例如：Looking after children requires patience.

10 将improperly改为properly

25

Tracing missing persons can take much patient detective work. But a special kind of ?private eye?can trace the missing ancestors of whole peoples by studying the clues buried by words. __1__ ...

Tracing missing persons can take much patient detective work. But a special kind of ?private eye?can trace the missing ancestors of whole peoples by studying the clues buried by words. __1__ These philologists, such as the

language detectives are called, have traced __2__ the word trail back from peoples in Europe, India, South Africa, the Americas,and the Pacific islands in a tiny nameless, and forgotten tribe that roamed central __3__ Eurasia 5000 to 6000 years ago, before the dawn of writing history. __4__ Since a long time scholars have been puzzled over the striking __5__ difference of words in different languages. In Dutch, vader; in Latin, pater;in __6__ old Irish, athir; in Persian, pidar;in the Sanskrit of distant India, pitr.

These words all sounded likely and meant the same thing—?father?__7__ Where did it happen that widely separated peoples used such __8 close related sound symbols? The problem baffled linguists for years. The more so __9__ because ?father?was but one of a host of such coincidences. Towards the end of the 18 century it dawned on scholars that perhaps all these words stemmed __10__ from some common language.

1 将by改为in。(be) buried in 意思为?被…所掩盖,掩蔽于…?

2 将such去掉。在这里as是连词,引导状语从句.

3 将第一个and改为to (这个句子长,小心上当呀)。以便和前文的from构成搭配?from…to…?,表示?从……到……?.

4 将writing改为written`。?有文字记载的历史?英语为?written history?.

5 将Since改为For。因为since做介词, 表示?自从……起?之意时,后面一般不跟表示一段时间的名词.

6 将difference改为similarity。从后面的例子我们可以看出,作者在这里讲述的是文字的惊人的相同之处,而不是不同之处.

7 将likely改为alike。likely 意思为?很可能的?,不做?相同的,相似的?解.

8 将where改为why。这里不是问地点而是问原因,从后面的because也可以看出.

9 将close改为副词closely。因为形容词close不能修饰过去分词related.

10 将18改为18th.。The more so because ?father?was but one of a host of such coincidences.

这句话的the more so because是什么意思呢, 以为人家出版社错了,不过看两本资料都这么写. 有谁看得懂么?还是说真的是出错了.原来the more so because意思为: 更何况. ^_^

26

Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because progress of particu-lar kind is actually taking place around us and is more and more manifesting. Although manki ...

Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because progress of particu-lar kind is actually taking place around us and is more and more manifesting. Although mankind has underg- __1__ one no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumu-lation of knowledge. Knowledge begins to increase as __2__ soon as the thoughts of one individual could be com-municated to another by mean of speech. With the in- __3__ vention of writing, knowledge could be communicated and stored. Libraries made education possible, and education in turn added libraries: the growth of knowl- __4__ edge followed a kind of compound-interest law,which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly risen. __5__ then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan. However, as soon as new knowl- __6__ edge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account. What is called ?modern civilization?is not the result of a balanced development of all man’s nature,but not of accumulated knowledge applied to practical __7__ life. The problem now facing humanity is: what is going to be done with all this knowledge? Like is often __8__ pointed out, knowledge is a two edged weapon which could be used equally for good or evil. It is now being __9__ used indifferently for both. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that gunners __10__ using science to shatter men’s bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them.

1.把manifesting改为manifest.manifesting不能做形容词,而如果把它理解成现在进行词,后面又缺乏宾语,所以应该改为形容词manifest,表示?显然的,明显的?.

2.把begins改为began.根据下一行出现的could可以判断本句是过去时.

3.把mean改为means. by means of 是固定用法.

4.在added后面加上to.如果add后面不加to,此句就表示?把图书馆加到某个事物上去?,加上to,表示给图书馆增加了内容,符合句义.

5.把risen改为raised.rise是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态.

6.把However改为Moreover.此句的意思是:新知识一经获得,马上就得到实际应用.这是对上文的追加,不存在转折关系,因此应该用moreover.

7.删除but后面的not 8.把Like改为As

9.把could改为can.主句为现在时,而从句也不表示虚拟,所以应该用现在时.

10.在that后面加上of.为了避免重复,这里用that指代spectacle,后面的gunner using是that 的内容.因此应该用介词of引出

27

You will think about what kind of saving instru- __1__ ment to use or what kind of investment to make. By putting your money in some kind of savings strument or investment, you can set aside sma ...

You will think about what kind of saving instru- __1__ ment to use or what kind of investment to make. By putting your money in some kind of savings strument or investment, you can set aside small amount of mon- __2__ ey regularly and the money will earn interest or divi-dends. Interest refers to the amount what your money __3__ earns when it is kept in a savings instrument. Divi-dends are payments of part of a company’s earnings to people hold stock in the company. A savings instru- __4__ ment has an ?interest rate ?associated with it; this refers to the rate which the money in the instrument in- __5__ creases during a certain period of time. Principal refers to the facial value or the amount of money you __6__ place in the savings instrument on which the interest is earned.

Every type of savings or investment has some risk that the return will be less than

needed or expected.Federally insured savings accounts are safe and guar-anteed up to $100,000 by the U.S. Government. Therefore, they may have lower interest rates, making __7__ it hard to save large amounts of money for college. __8__ Bonds and stocks often have higher returns than savings accounts or EE saving bonds but are more riskier. __9__ You can reduce the risks of these kinds of investments by starting to save early. The earlier

we begin the less __10__ money you will have to put aside each month and the more total savings you will accumulate.

1.把saving改为savings。saving表示?节约的?，和其复数形式savings意义不同。savings的意思是?存款，储蓄?。

2.在small前面加上a。a small amount of 表示?少量的?，冠词不可缺。

3.把what改为which或者that。amount在此是先行词，后面是一个定语从句，这个从句显然应该由关系代词that或者which引导。

4.在hold前面加who。先行词people后面是一个定语从句，因此需要有引导词。

5.在which前面加上at。关系代词which在此引导的同样是一个定语从句，并且在此应该用?介词＋关系代词?这个形式，因为前面的rate往往用于短语at a rate，此处的介词可以提前。

6.把facial改为face。票面价值应是：face value。

7.把Therefore改为However。此处根据上下文来看，表达的是转折的含义，而不是因果关系。

8.把hard改为harder。这里存在一个隐含的比较，所以应该用hard的比较级形式。

9.删除more，或者把more改为much。riskier本身已经是比较形式了，再加上more是多余的。把more 改为much，表示一种程度也可以。

10.把we改为you 。

补充：

第二题将amount改为amounts也是正确的

第四题把hold改为holding也是正确的

a small amount of 和small amounts of 用法的区别

a large（great，good）amount of ＋不可数名词，谓语动词一般用单数；但（large，great，good）amounts of ＋不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。

A large amount of damage ＜has been＞done by the earth quake．

Large amounts of money ＜were＞spent on the bridge．

这就是为什么第二题也可以把amount改为amounts而第八题不用改amount的原因

28

One of our main arguments is that we in Western countries actually have part to play in causing the __1__ problems of the Third World. Many Third World countries are saddle with immense debt bur ...

One of our main arguments is that we in Western countries actually have part to play in causing the __1__ problems of the Third World. Many Third World countries are saddle with immense debt burdens, for __2__ example. They were lent money with low interest rates __3__ in the 1970s, when money flooded into Western banks from the

oil-producing countries and was lent out to the Third World. The interest rates have then been risen __4__ dramatically. So you have a situation where a country in many cases can’t even repay the interest, letting alone

__5__ the capital, on the debt. And I suppose the best example from what I have come across is a country in West Africa where the consumption, the local consumption of peanuts was banned, because peanuts, if they are imported can bring in a great deal of foreign income. __6__ The peanut is a major source of protein in this country.So you have people go hungry as a result of that. __7__ The peanuts were exported to Great Britain and the United States

to feed our cattle. Those cattle then produced a surplus of milk which we do not know what to do with.We have enough milk, more milk than we can cope with in the Western World. And also that milk __8__ was transformed into dried milk powder and then taken back to this country to help feed children who w ere suffering from malnutrition. So that’s the kind of insanely __9__ economic relationship that we have got ourselves in __10__ the Third World.

1.在part前加上a。词组have a part to play in…的意思是?有份儿?

2.saddle改为saddled。此处为被动语态，应该把动词变为过去分词形式。

3.把with改为at。此处介词与interest rates搭配。

4.删除been（这里应该是把risen改为rising，答案应该错了）。rise是不及物动词，不用于被动语态。

5.把letting改为let。let alone 意思为?更不用提?。

6.把imported改为exported。下文说花生可以带来外汇收益，出口才会带来外汇，所以此处应用exported。

7.把have改为had。上文提到该国禁止本国消费花生这件事用的是过去时。

8.把also改为so。必须把与此相关的几个句子联系在一起理解，上文说：花生出口到英国和美国去喂了牛，而牛又产出了过剩的牛奶，我们不知道怎么处理这些牛奶。在西方世界，我们的牛奶够多了，多得无法处理。本句说：这些牛奶就被制成奶粉拿到该国去喂养那些营养不良的儿童。由此可见本句与上文是因果关系，不能用also来连接。9.insanely改为insane。此处表达?荒唐的经济关系?insane修饰的是relationship，而非economic，因此要用形容词代替。

10.把in改为into。词组get in 虽然也可以表达?进入，陷入?，但是in为副词，后面不能跟地点，所以应该改为into

29

One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congress is the power to investigate. The power is usually delegated to committees—either standing committees, special committees s ...

One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congress is the power to investigate. The power is usually delegated to committees—either standing committees, special committees set for a specific purpose, or joint committees __1__ consisted of members of both houses. Investigations __2__ are held to gather information on the need for future legislation,to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, __3__ to lay the groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently,committees rely outside experts to assist in conducting __4__ investigative hearings and to make out detailed studies of issues. __5__

There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most __6__ committee hearings are open to public and are reported widely __7__ in the mass media. Congressional investigations nevertheless __8__ represent one important tool available to lawmakers to inform the

citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues, __9__ Congressional committees also have the power to compel testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury these who give false testimony. __10__

1 在set和for中间加上up。短语set up表示?设立?，这里用作过去分词，修饰前面的committees。

2 consisted改为consisting。joint committee 是consist of 的逻辑主语，所以要用现在分词。

3 in改为on 。与occasion搭配的介词应该为on。

4 rely和outside中间加上on。rely 后面要用介词on。

5 out去掉。make studies 表示?进行研究?，这里没有必要用out。

6 its 改为their。这里代词指代的是复数名词investigations，所以也要用复数形式。

7 to 和public中间加上the。表示?大众，公众?时，前面要加定冠词。

8 nevertheless 改为thus ,therefore。作者前面说国会有向社会公开调查信息的权利，本句说调查是立法者向公众传达消息的工具，这两句话之间应该是因果关系，而不是转折关系。

9 interests改为interest 。作者此处要表达的是?激起公众的兴趣：，应该用?interest。interests一般表示?利益?。

10 these改为those。用代词指代一群人，后面在加定语从句修饰时，代词一般要用those

30

Successful aging is a psychological feat. Fear for __1__ death, for example, may sometimes oppress you. even when this is successfully overcome, there is still something for you to deal with-lone ...

Successful aging is a psychological feat. Fear for __1__ death, for example, may sometimes oppress you. even when this is successfully overcome, there is still something for you to deal with-loneliness. Loneliness can speed your demise no matter conscientiously __2__ you care for your body. ?We go through life surrounded by protective convoys of others,?says Robert Kahn, a psychologist of the University of Michigan who studied the health effects of companionship. ?People __3__ who manage to maintain a network of social support do best.?One study of elderly heart-attack patients found that those with two or more close associations __4__ enjoyed twice the one-year survival rate of those who were completely https://www.sodocs.net/doc/29178137.html,panionship aside, healthy oldsters seem to share a knack for managing stress, poison that contributes __5__ measurably to heart disease, cancer and accidents. Researchers have also been kinked successful aging __6__ to mental stimulation. An idle brain will deteriorate just as sure as an unused leg, notes Dr. Gene Cohen, __7__ Head of the gerontology center at George ashington University. But just as exercise can prevent muscle __8__ atrophy, mental challenges seem to preserve both the mind and the immune system. But what most impresses researchers who study the oldest old is his simple drive and resilience. ?People who reach 100 __9__ are not quitters,?says Adler of the National Centenarian Awareness Project. ?They share a remarkable ability to renegotiate life in every turn, to accept the inevitable losses __10__ And move on.?

1.把for改为of。与fear搭配的介词通常是of，表示对…的恐惧。

2.在no matter后面加上how

3.在studied前面加上has。本文的基调是一般现在时，此句的主语也是现在时，定语从句介绍Roberts 做过的研究项目，所以用现在完成时比较合适。

4.把associations改为associates。本句的意思是：一项对高龄心脏病人的研究发现，有两个或者两个以上亲密伙伴陪同的病人在一年危险期的幸存几率是完全无人陪伴的病人的两倍。

5.在poison前面加上a。不定冠词修饰不可数名词，该名词后面再加上定语成分对该词进一步说明。

6.删除been

7.把sure改为surely

8.把but改为and。本句与上一段最后一句在结构(just as)上相似，在意义上是递进关系，不应该用转折连词衔接，用and合适。

9.把his改为their。此处的代词应该代替the oldest old，the oldest old 表示一类人可以用单数也可以用复数，但是下文提到这些年事极高的老人都用了复数，所以此处也要改为复数，使上下文一致。

10.把in改为at。词组at every turn意思为?时时，经常?。

31

Eye behavior can give subtle messages which people pick up in their daily life. It tells more than words can. Meeting or failing to meet another person's eyes produce a particular effect.When ...

Eye behavior can give subtle messages which people pick up in their daily life. It tells more than words can. Meeting or failing to meet another person's eyes produce a particular effect.When two Americans __1__ look searchingly at each other's eye, emotions are __2__ heightened and the relationship becomes closer. However, Americans are careful about where and when to __3__ meet other's eye. In our normal conversation, each

eye-contract lasts only a few seconds before one or both individuals look away, because the longer meeting of the eyes is rare, and, after it happens, can generate __4__ a special kind of human-to-human awareness. For instance,by simple using his eyes, a man can make a woman aware of him comfortably or uncomfortably; a long and steady gaze from a policeman or judge intimidates accused. __5__ In the U.S., proper street behavior requires a nice balance of attention and inattention. You are supposed to look at a passer-by just enough to show that you are being aware of his presence. If you look too little, __6__ you appear haughty; too much, inquisitive. Much eye behavior is such subtle that our reaction to it is __7__ largely instinctive. Besides, the codes of eye behavior vary dramatically from one culture to other. In the __8__ Middle East, it is impolite to look at the other person all the time during a conversation; in England, the polite listener fixes the speaker with an inattentive

__9__ stare and blinks eye occasionally as a sign of interest and attention. In America, eye behavior functions as a kind of conversational traffic signal control the __10__ talking pace and time, and to indicate a change of topic.

答案：

1.把produce改为produces

本句中两个主语meeting和failing to meet another person's eye 用or连接，这时谓语动词应该采取就近原则，与最相邻的主语一致。

2.把at改为into此处的动作应该是look into（注视），而不是一般的?看?（look at）。

3.把where改为how

上下文介绍的是目光交流的方式方法。4.把after改为when/if

5.在accused前面加上the

intimidate（胁迫）是一个及物动词，后面不能只接形容词，此处应该加上定冠词，与accused构成名词短语，表示一类人，即?被告?。本句的意思是：例如，只要运用目光，男人就可以让女人很自在或者不舒服地感觉到他的存在；而警察或法官的长时间的注视可以威吓被告。

6.删除being

7.把such改为so

8.把other改为another表示不定指代的?一个或者另一个?应该用one and/or another。

9.把inattentive改为attentive10.在control前面加上to

32

control the talking pace and time 应该和to indicate a change of topi c并列，作为conversational traffic signal 的定语，也要用动词不定式。To be called beautiful is thought to name something essentia ...

control the talking pace and time 应该和to indicate a change of topic并列，作为conversational traffic signal 的定语，也要用动词不定式。To be called beautiful is thought to name something essential to women’

s character and concerns. (In contrast by men

whose __1__ essence is to be strong, or effective, or competent.) It does not

need someone in the throes of feminist awareness to perceive that __2__ the way women are taught to be involved i n beauty encourages __3__ narcissism, reinforces independence and immaturity. Everybody knows __4__ that. For it is ?everybody?, a whole society, which has identified __5__ being feminine with caring about how one looks. Giving these __6__ stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation.

It is not, of course, the desire to be beautiful is wrong but the __7__ obligation to be. Women are taught to see their bodies in parts, and to assess each part separately. Breasts, feet, hips, waistline, neck, __8__ eyes, nose, complexion , hair, and so on – each by turn is submitted __9__ to an anxious scrutiny. Even if some pass the scrutiny, some wi ll always be found wanted. Nothing less than perfection will do. __10__

1.by改为 to/with。词组 in contrast to/ with 表示?与……相比?，不能用其他介词。

2. need改为take。虽然need的汉语意思是?需要?，但英语中It takes 往往作为一个固定搭配，表示?做某事需要某物或者某种品质?。

3.in改为with。be involved in 表示?介入，参与?，后面一般跟事。而 be involved with 则表示?和……有关系，有关联?，后面一般跟人。

如： He was involved in a car accident.

I never wanted to get emotionally involved with him.

4.independence改为dependence。

5.which改为that。句子的主干是 it is…that…表示强调。

6.giving改为given。given 一词后面接名词词组可表示?考虑到，鉴于…?。

7.beautiful 后面加that。此句同样也是一个强调句型，后面须跟that引导的从句。

8.assess改为evaluate。assess往往指对某物在金钱上的价值进行权威的评估。

如： We should assess an apartment on the amount for which it is likely to be rented.

本句话指每一个平常的女性对自己身体的每一部分进行评判，评价，应该用evaluate，因为该词表示对事物的本质或价值进行判断，如：Teachers evaluate a student’s thesis for content and organization.

9.by改为in。by turns 表示?交替地，轮番地?。 in turn 表示一系列动作按照一定顺序发生，或者某人先后做某事。根据题意，这里要用in turn。

10. wanted改为wanting。to find something or somebody wanting 表示?（某物或某人）缺乏应有的素质，不够格?。wanted往往指?被通缉?或者?被爱，被照顾的?。

33

In the United States there are, strict speaking, no national __1__ holiday, for each state must, through legislative enactment or __2__ executive proclamation, appoint the day which each holiday ...

In the United States there are, strict speaking, no national __1__ holiday, for each state must, through legislative enactment or __2__ executive proclamation, appoint the day which each holiday is __3__ celebrated. Congress and the president may establish legal holidays for the District of Columbia and for federal employees throughout the states and territories; and by long custom, days that receive nationwide observation, such as Christmas, Thanksgiving, Labor __4__ Day, Independent Day, and New Year’s Day, are uniformly set __5__ apart by all states as legal, or public holidays. In 1968, federal __6__ legislation established Columbia Day as a legal holiday

for the

District of Columbia and for the federal government beginning at __7__ 1971. The law also provided begun in 1971 federal employees __8__ would be granted three-days weekends by observing Washington’s __9__ Birthday on the third Monday in February, Memorial Day on the last Monday in May, Columbus Day on the second Monday in October, and Veteran Day on the forth Monday on October. By 1971, most of the states also adopted the new dates. __10__

答案：

1.strict改为strictly

2.holiday改为holidays。因为原句的谓语动词为复数are，所以holiday必须使用复数。另外no后面可以用复数也可以用单数。

3.which前面加上on。因为先行词the day在关系从句钟做状语，还原回去应为：each holiday is celebrated on the day，所以必须加on。

4.obsevation改为observance。observation意思为?观察，观测?，observance则表示?遵守，庆祝?。

5.Independent改为Independence。独立日的说法是?Independence Day?。

6.apart改为aside。set apart 指?使分离，使分开?，语义不同，set aside表示?留出，保留?的意思。

7.at改为in

8.begun改为beginning。动词begin和分句的主语federal employees的关系是主动的，应此要用beginning。

9.three-days 改为three-day。用连字符连接起来的表示数量的名词的前臵修饰语的复数概念仍然是单数，如：a million-pound banknote。

10.also前面加had。如果一个句子里面有by引导的时间状语从句则动词一般用完成体。

34

Our obsession with thinness is also fueled by health concerns.It is true that in this country we have more overweighted people __1__ than ever before, and that, in many cases, being over weight...

Our obsession with thinness is also fueled by health concerns.It is true that in this country we have more overweight ed people __1__ than ever before, and that, in many cases, being over weight

correlates an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. __2__ These diseases, therefore, may have as much to do with our __3__ way of life and our high-fat diets as with excessive weight. And __4__ the associate risk of canc er in the digestive system may be more __5__ about a dietary problem—

too much fat and a lack of fiber than a __6__ weight problem.The real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, but

that we neither exercise enough or eat well. Exercise is necessary __7__ for strong bones and both heart and lung he alth. A balanced diet

without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases.We should surely stop paying so much attention on weight. __8__ Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardy if those who __9__ get(or already are) thin thi nk they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style. Thinness can be pur ely vainglory. __10__

1.overweighted改为overweight overweight本身就可以做形容词修饰people，不需要加ed。

2.correlates后加with.Correlate应与with连用，表示?A与B有关联?。

3.therefore改为however.从上下文来看，这里是转折而不是因果。

4.excessive改为excess.excess往往指数量上超过所需，多余。excessive 往往有不赞同，否定的含义在里面，另外，excessive除了可以表示数量以外还可以表示程度，表达抽象概念。比如

After cooking fish, pour off the excess fat.The government says that local authority spending is excessive.

5.associate 改为associated.associated 表示?关联的，相关的?。

6.about改为of.这里的意思是?与之相关的消化系统患癌症的危险实际上是饮食问题引起的，而非体重问题?，about意思为?相关的?，这里应该为of，表性质。

7.or改为nor.neither应和nor连用表示两者皆否定，而not才和or连用。

8.on改为to 9.hazardy改为hazardous.hazard的形容词是hazardous而不是hazardy。

10.purely改为pure

35

In department stores and closets all over the world, they are waiting. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing since __1__ they come in a variety of styles, textures, and colors.And ...

In department stores and closets all over the world, they are waiting. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing since __1__ they come in a variety of styles, textures, and colors.

And they are ultimately the biggest deception that exists in the __2__ fashionable industry today. What are they? They are high heels __3__ --woman’s worst enemy ( whether she knows it or not). High heel __4__ shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are more

beautiful or sophisticating __5__ for wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed on posing short as __6__ as well as long term hardships. Women should fight the high hell industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world of unnecessary physical and psychological suffering. __7__ For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating lawns.

Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass know what I am talking __8__ about. A simple trip around the yard on a pair of those babies __9__ eliminates all needs to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides __10__ the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around.

1.since改为because或者for.当since表示原因时，它往往出现在句子的开头而非中间。

2.And改为But.从与上一段的关系看来，这里是转折而不是承接。

3.fashionable改为fashion.fashionable是形容词表示?时尚的，时髦的?，而这里所指的是?时尚产业?，所以应该用它的名词形式。

4.woman前加上a或者woman改为women.可数名词单数形式前面必须加冠词，因此这里须加上a，或者将woman变成服侍形式表类指。

5.sophisticating改为sophisticated

6.on改为in.succeed 与介词in连用，后面加动词ing形式。如：We have already succeeded in working out ground rules with the Department of Defense.

7.of 改为from,save sb from doing sth 表示?避免某人做某事?。

8.know改为knows.主语和谓语在形式上须一致，anyone在语义上表达的是单数含义。

9.on改为in.英语表示穿戴往往用介词in。

10.needs改为need.尽管need前用了all来限定，但need所指的是?叫来草坪护理专家?这单一的含义，因此应该用单数，all在这里只是起到强调的作用

36

The violence within a society is controlled through institutionsof law. The most developed a legal system becomes, the more __1__ societies takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and pu ...

The violence within a society is controlled through institutionsof law. The most developed a legal system becomes, the more __1__ societies takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment __2__ of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to dealing with __3__ an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personal carrying out judgment and punishment __4__ upon the person who did the offense. __5__ But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes personalized and diffused. The society

assumes the responsibility for __6__ protecting individuals from violence. In cases where he cannot be __7__ protected, the society is responsible for committing punishment. __8__ In a state controlling legal system, individuals are removed __9__ from the circle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the __10__ state assumes responsibility for their protection.

1.most改为more。这句话实际上使用了the more…the more…结果，表示"一个法律制度越完善，社会在其中所负的责任越大"。

2.societies改为society。society 这里应选择单数因为原句的意思是"一个国家的法律制度越完善，社会在发现，控制，和惩治暴力行为中所承担的责任就越大"，含义是单数的，所以应该使用单数形式。

3.dealing改为deal。the means to 词组里的to是不定式的to，因此后面应接动词原型。

4.personal改为personally。这里personally修饰carrying out judgment…，因此是使用副词。

5.did改为committed。offense经常与commit，cause，take，give搭配，这里用commit the offense 表示"犯罪"。

6.personalized改为depersonalized。前面一句话指明在部族社会"惩恶扬善"是家族或个人的事，而在法制社会里，"复仇"这一任务不再由个人担当，而是交给社会，因此这里不应使用personalized，而应使用depersonalized，表示"非个人化"。

7.he改为they。这里代词he与前面它所指代的名词individuals不一致，应为they。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/29178137.html,mitting改为imposing。commit的意思是"犯（错误），干（坏事），把…交拖给，答应负责"，在这里不适合，应改为impose。

9.controlling改为controlled。中心词legal system和control的关系是被动的，法律制度是被国家控制的。

10.circle改为cycle。circle和cycle的区别在于circle表示"圈子"，如：a circle of friends，而cycle表示"循环，周期"，如：the cycle of birth

37

The Seattle Times Company is one newspaper firm that has recognized the need for change and done something about it. In the newspaper industry, papers must reflect the diversity of the communit ...

The Seattle Times Company is one newspaper firm that has recognized the need for change and done something about it. In the newspaper industry, papers must reflect the diversity of the communities for which they provide information. It must __1__ reflect that diversity with their news coverage or risk losing their readers’interest and their advertisers’support. Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racial minorities, the __2__ paper has put into place polices and procedures for hiring and maintain a diverse workforce. The underlying reason for __3__ the change is that for information to be fair, appropriate, and ubjective, it should be reported by the same kind of population __4__ that reads it.

A diversity committee composed of reporters, editors, and photographers meets regularly to evaluate The Seattle Times’__5__ content and to educate the rest of the newsroom staff about diversity issues. In an addition, the paper instituted a content __6__ audit that evaluates the frequency and manner of representation of woman and people of color in photographs. Early audits __7__ showed that minorities were pictured far too infrequently and were pictured with a disproportionate number of negative articles.

The audit results from improvement in the frequency of __8__ majority, representation and their portrayal in neutral or positive __9__ situations. And, with a result, The Seattle Times has improved __10__ as a newspaper. The diversity training and content audits helped

The Seattle Times Company to win the Personal Journal Optima’s Award for excellence in managing change.

1 将it改为they。这里先行词为复数名词papers,故应用复数代词they/

2 percents改为percent。在表示分数时,percent总是用单数.

3 将maintain改为maintaining。这里maintaining和hiring并列,并共同作介词for的宾语.

4 将subjective改为objective。根据上下文,此处应该表示?客观的?之意.

5 将meets改为meet。committee为集合名词,如果看作一个整体,谓语动词要用复数.

6 删除an。固定短语in addition 作?另外?解.

7 将woman改为women

8 将from改为in。result in 作?导致引起?讲.9 将majority改为minority

10 with改为as。固定搭配as a result 作?因此,结果?讲

38

A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handling, it may become a driving force. When __1__ the United States entered just such a glowing period afte ...

A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handling, it may become a driving force. When __1__ the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any other competitor, given its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its __2__ scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies that the war had destroyed. __3__

It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans found __4__ themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competition. Some __5__ huge American industries, such as consumer electronic, had shrunk __6__ or vanished in the face of foreign competition. Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market and America’s machine-tool industry was on the rope. For a while it looked as __7__ though the making of semiconductors, which America had sat at the __8__ heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.

All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped talking prosperity for grant. They began to believe that their way of doing __9__ business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980 brought one inquiry after __10__ another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about growing competition from overseas.

1.handling改为handled。这里handle和主句的主语it是被动关系。

2.given改为giving。动词give的主语是前面整个分句?it had a market eight times larger than any competitor?，它和give的关系是主动的，所以用giving。

3.去掉that。whose在这里引导关系从句修饰the Europeans and Asians，因此这里不能再出现一个关系代词that了。

4.found前加上had。by引导的时间状语出现在一个句子里，它的主句动词往往是完成体。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/29178137.html,petition改为competitiveness。fading在这里表示?日益丧失的?，后面的名词短语应该表示?工业竞争力?，而competition表示?竞争?，并不表示?竞争能力?。

6.electronic改为electronics。electronic是形容词表示?电子的?，这里应该用electronics，表示?电子装臵和组件?、

7.rope改为ropes。on the ropes 表示?濒于失败或崩溃?，其中rope是以复数形式出现的，所以应该为ropes。在另一个短语the end of one’s rope，rope则是单数，表示?某人耐心，耐力的限度?。

8.had后面加上which/that。这句话里面有两个关系从句，而且一个之中套另一个：which America had 是第一层关系从句，which sat at the heart of the new computer age 是第二层，它们所修饰的都是semiconductors，所以如果看不出两层关系从句就很难找出错误来。

9.grant改为granted。take for granted 是一个短语表示?想当然?。

10.mid-1980 改为mid-1980s

39

What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it’s described like __1__ the personality of an organization, or simply as ?how things are done around here.?It guides what employees think ...

What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it’s described like __1__ the personality of an organization, or simply as ?how things are done around here.?It guides what employees think, act, and feel. __2__ Corporate culture is a wide term used to define the unique personality __3__ or character of a particular company or organization, and include __4__ such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can be expressed in the company’s mission statement and other communications, in the architectural

style or interior decoration, by what people wear to work, by how people address to each other, and in the titles given to various __5__ employees. How do you uncover the corporate culture of a potential employer? The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture after you have worked at the company for a number of months, __6__ but you can get close to it through research and observation. Understanding culture is a two-step process, starting with the research before __7__ the interview and ending with observation at the interview. The bottom line is that you are going to spend a lot of time on the work environment- __8__ and to be happy, successful, and productive, you will want to be ina place where you fit for the culture, a place where you can have __9__ voice, be respected, and have opportunities for growth. __10__

1.like改为as。as 作为连词可以用在形容词前，和动词regard或describe搭配，表示?看作，描述成?。

2.what改为how。这里要表达的是?怎样想?，而不是?想什么?，联系前一句?how things are done around here?也可以帮助发现错误。

3.wide改为broad。wide和broad容易错用。表示宽度时既可用broad，wide，wide更常用，如：a wide river；a broad river。但是表示具体的物件时只用wide，如 a wide bed，一般不说 a broad bed。表示生理，概念或范围时，要用broad，如：a broad smile、broad shoulders、a broad meaning。

4.include 改为includes。include 的主语是主句主语corporate culture，所以应该是第三人称的单数形式。

5.去掉to。address解释为?对某人说话?时是及物动词，无需加介词。

6.after改为until。根据上下文的逻辑，文章是说，只有当求职者真正在公司工作了几个月后，才能了解它的文化。

7.去掉the。前文没有提及，这里research是类指，而非特指。

8.on改为in。这里的介词并不是和动词spend搭配，而是和名词词组work environment一起作状语。

9.去掉for。fit作为动词时，如果是及物动词，可以说fit something/somewhere。如果作为形容词，可以说be fit for something，但是没有fit for 的用法。

10.voice前面a。have a voice in something 的意思是?有权利对某事发表看法?。这个词组中的不定冠词不能省略

40

There are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral.Great numbers of animal oil come from whales, those enormous __1__ creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining an ...

There are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral.

Great numbers of animal oil come from whales, those enormous __1__ creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick cover of fat called blubber. When the __2__ whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either board the ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which __3__ can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, and none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod and __4__ the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil.

Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be

bought at any chemist. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. __5__ No household can not get on without it, for it is used in cooking. To __6__ the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another.

But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, one almost always __7__ means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships,motor-cars and diesel locomotives; the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machineries. This is the oil that has changed the life __8__ of the common men. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, __9__ which has replaced the private horse-drawing carriage. __10__

1.numbers改为quantities.animal oil 是不可数名词，不能用number of 来修饰。可以修饰不可数名词的限定词有：a bit of，a large amount of，a great deal of，a lot of，plenty of，a large quantity of。

2.cover改为covering.cover和covering虽然都是名词，意思却不一样。前者是?封面，盖子?，后者是

?遮盖物，覆盖物?，可以说蓝鲸的脂肪是它防寒的遮盖物，而不能说是?盖子?。

3.board前面加on.board可以作为名词和介词on连用表示?在（船，飞机，车）上?，如：on board the ship 就是?在船上?。

4.and改成but.前后两个分句是转折的关系。

5.chemist改为chemists.文中要表达的是?在药店?，那么应该?介词＋名词属格?表示地点。所以应该是at any chemist’s.

6.去掉not

7.one改为he/he or she.代词的先行此是politician和engineer，这是一类通性名词，既可以是男性也可以是女性，这类名词以单数形式表示类指时，通常用相应的阳性代词he，有时也用he or she。

8.machineries改为machinery/machines.machinery是不可数的集体名词，没有复数形式。

9.men改为man或者the（common men）的the去掉.the common man 是类指，既然有定冠词，那么应该用man的单数形式，或者保留复数men而去掉定冠词。

10.horse－drawing改为horse－drawn.?用马拉的车?，draw和carriage是被动关系

41

Not too many decades ago it seemed ?obvious?both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosed their responsibilities __1_ ...

Not too many decades ago it seemed ?obvious?both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosed their responsibilities __1__ to kins (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place __2__ for superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. __3__ However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the ?obvious?is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you if you are a resident of a smaller community. __4__ But, for the most part, this fact has a few significant consequences. __5__ It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.

Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationship do not differ between more and less urban __6__ people.

Small-town residents are more involved with kin than do big __7__ city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. or are residents of large communities

__8__ any likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation __9__ than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust for strangers.

__10__

1.loosed改为loosened。尽管loose也可作及物动词，但它的含义是?松开，解开，发射，释放?等具象的含义，在这里语义不符，而loosen则往往与tie、control、discipline、restriction这样的词连用表示抽象含义。

2.kins改为kin。kin是集体名词，用单数表达复数概念，相当于relatives，另外，kin作主语的话，谓语动词也应用复数形式。（记得上次的machinery么，也是这个改法）

3.去掉for。在substitute A for B 的用法中，for引导的是被代替项而不是代替项。

4.(than you)^ do。两个比较分句如果谓语部分相同则可以省略后一个分句的谓语，或者用do来代替。

5.去掉a

6.relationship改为relationships。Relationship既可以作可数名词又可以作不可数名词。由于前面有the number of 这样分词修饰，这里relationship应该当作可数名词。

7.do改为are。两个比较分句的谓语动词应该同是be involved，如果将后一个比较分句里的动词部分省略，保留下来的也应该是be动词，而不是do。

8.or改为nor。前句话是否定结尾的，本句也应是否定的含义。

9.likely改为likelier。由于有than出现，这里是一个比较句。

10.for 改为of。distrust 后往往跟of，不跟for，如：a distrust of the media。It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.这话初看有点别扭。follow有这么个意思，必然是…的后果，必然有…后果，所以这里大概意思是：不认识什么邻居并不意味着你也不认识其他人。例如：He is good，it does not follow that he is wise。

42

Dinosaurs, saber-tooth tigers and the dodo bird are famous examples __1__ of animals that have become extinct. In case of the dinosaurs, it __2__ seems likely that a catastrophic event alters t ...

Dinosaurs, saber-tooth tigers and the dodo bird are famous examples __1__ of animals that have become extinct. In case of the dinosaurs, it __2__ seems likely that a catastrophic event alters the global climate __3__ enough to lead to their disappearance. More recent extinctions and near-extinctions－such as the blue whales, tiger, panda, and __4__ North American bison—have been the direct result of human activity. By the early 1990s, species were becoming extinct at a rate of three per hour, or 27,000 every day –a figure quoted by the American biologist Edward O.Wilson of Harvard University, based on his most conservative estimates. This rate of extinctions carries with it some terrible consequences. Each plant that becomes extinct,for example, may take with it as much as 30 insects and animals __5__ that depend on it for food. Habitat loss is one of the most important causes of extinction. For rising populations in many countries __6__ lead to the clearing of more land, habitats suc h as raining forest __7__ and grasslands disappear.

In the East Africa, once renowned for its wildlife, few wild animals __8__ remain living outside the boundaries of national parks and game __9__ reserves. In other parts of the world, coastal ecosystems are clearing __10__ for development. Wetland areas are drying out as a result of water extraction to support farming and tourism. Bird species are among the worst affected by the loss of wetlands.

1.saber-tooth—saber-toothed。如果是?形容词+名词?作前臵修饰语，那么名词要加-ed。

2.^case—the。in case of 和in the case of 的意思是不同的，前者的意思是?万一?，后者的意思是?在……的情况中?

3.alters—altered。这里谈的是恐龙灭绝的时期，所以时间是过去。

4.whales—whale。定冠词＋可数名词的复数是特指，所以the blue whales是特指，但是上下文并没有提及特定的蓝鲸，所以从整个句子的意思来看，这里是指物种，是类指，所以应该用?定冠词＋可数名词单数?形式。

5.much—many。insects and animals 是可数名词，所以应该说as many as

6.For-- As/Since。尽管for作为连词可以引导原因状语分句，但是它一般不放在句首。

7.raining—rain。rain forest,指热带雨林

8.the去掉。East Africa是专有名词。

9.living—alive。remain是系动词，后面的形容词是主语补足语，living不能作主语补足语。

10.clearing—cleared。这里需要用被动语态

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Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economical causes: it is not due simply to the bad __1__ influence of this or that individual writers. But an e ...

Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economical causes: it is not due simply to the bad __1__ influence of this or that individual writers. But an effect can become __2__ a cause, reinforce the original cause and producing the same effect __3__ in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take drink __4__ because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the most __5__ completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the sloven of our language __6__ makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is irreversible. Modern English, especially written English, __7__ is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can be avoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and think clearly is a __8__ necessary first step towards political regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concerning __9__ of professional writers. I will come back to this present, and I hope __10__ that by that time the meaning of what I have said here will have become clearer.

1.economical－economic。economical的意思是?节约的，经济的，省钱的?，而此处应选择economic 表示?经济的，有关经济的?。

2.writers－writer。this or that后面应接单数名词，因为从意思上来看应是二选一的，所以是单数。

3.reinforce－reinforcing。?an effect can become a cause?和?reinforce the original cause?两个分句并不是并列的关系，应该说是主句和从句的关系，应该将reinforce变为-ing形式，这也与后面的?producing the same effect?保持形式上的一致。

4.take^－to。take to 表示?养成习惯，沉湎于?。

5.most－more。all the more 表示?更加?，如：The living room is decorated in pale colors which make it all he more airy.

6.sloven－slovenliness。sloven作名词表示?懒散的人，散漫的人?，这里显然语义不对，所以应改为slovenliness表示?懒散，邋遢?。

7.irreversible－reversible。reversible（可逆的），irreversible（不可逆的）如上文所述，语言和思维的关系是相互影响的；由于我们思想的愚蠢，我们的语言变得丑陋，不准确；同时我们的语言的不精确也使我们的思维变得更加愚蠢。所以这个过程是能倒退的。

8.^think－to。动词原形本身无法作主语，必须将它变成-ing形式或不定式，由于这里有将要发生的含义，所以选用不定式to think。

9.concerning－concern。concern本身既可以做动词也可以作名次。

10.present－presently。presently表示?不久，一会儿?。present在这里讲不通

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The growth of the world’s population and its pressure to resources __1__ threaten to change the quality of life as we know it. It takes __2__ 100,000 years of human existence for the world ...

The growth of the world’s population and its pressure to resources __1__ threaten to change the quality of life as we know it. It takes __2__ 100,000 years of human existence for the world to reach its 1997population of 5.85 billion people. The increase of 80 million people in 1996 alone is the equivalent of a new U.S population every 3.4years or new Canadian population every 138 days. The UN population Fund predicts that by the year 2050, the world population have __3__ exploded to 10 billion people. This would double in less than a century the already bulging population who existed when it reached __4__ 5 billion in 1987. The chemicals we spew into the air also cause disease.

For example, they attack the Earth’s ozone layer, which helps shield the Earth away the Sun’s deadly ultraviolet rays. It is well established __5__ that the ozone layer has thinned considerably during recent decades.Concomitantly, the rate of new cases of the dead skin cancer, __6__ melanoma, has grown dramatically from 1,168 of each 100,000 __7__ Americans to 3,650. This 213 percent increase means that 40,300Americans diagnosed with melanoma in 1997 and 3,650 died of the __8__ disease. There are some scientists who believe that pollution is even threatening the ability of humans to produce. Chemicals which are __9__ used to make pesticides, plastic, and other products are finding their ways into the human food chain through fish and even through __10__ breast milk.

1.to—on。?给……造成的压力?应表述为one’s pressure on something, 名次pressure通知和介词on 搭配。

2.takes—took。句中的时间所指是1997年，所以必须用一般过去时。

3.popular--^will。这是一个时态问题。时间状语by the year 2050 是一个非常重要的信息，它表示将来的某一个时间点，这时主句应该用?将来完成体?will have done。

4.who—that/which。关系分句的先行词是population，尽管population的意思是?人口?，但是它的概念并不是somebody，而是something，所以关系代词应该用that或者which。

5.away—from。shield something from something 的意思是?遮挡……使得不受……的侵害?。

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形容词短语： Rich in sth. 丰富 Intent on sth. 专注 Indifferent to sth. 漠视 Adjacent to 毗邻 Averse to 嫌恶 Deaf to 不愿意听 Loyal to 忠于 Preferable to 较合人意 Similar to 类似，相同 Superior to 优于，胜于 Sensitive to 敏感 Be (un)conscious of （没有）意识到Be accustomed to 惯于 Be abbreviated to 缩写为 Be reduced to 沦落为减少为 Be resigned to 听任 Be reconciled to 甘心于顺从 Be devoted to 致力于 Be given to 喜欢癖好 Be used to 习惯于 John is alive to the feeling of shame. （敏感）The cat is alive with lice. (充满) The man is blind of an eye. (瞎) Jack was blind to his own fault. (不察觉) 名词短语 A solution to sth. （解决解答）（have） faith in sth. (信任有信心) A glance at sth/sb (扫视一瞥) Need for sth. (需要) Obstacle to (障碍) Limit to (限度) Aid to ( 辅助) Objection to （反对） Indifference to (不关心) Key to (解答关键) Answer to (回答答复) Hindrance to (妨碍阻碍) On sb’s guard (警惕提防) At sb’s request (应某人要求请求) In all probability (十有八九多半) To sb’s delight (使人高兴的是) To…extent 到…程度 On…occasion(s) 在…场合

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专八改错技巧总结

专八改错技巧总结

英语专八改错解题思路 1. 宏观层面分析（1）句子结构（理顺整个句子的结构，必要时检索上下文） （2）逻辑关系（关联词选择：并列、递进、因果、转折、假设、让步等） （3）时态和语态（完成时和虚拟语气是考查重点） 2. 微观层面分析 （1）缺漏（介词、代词、引导词）（2）冗余（两个主语、同义重复） （3）误用（词性、分词、正反义、主被动、形容词和副词级别） （4）一致性（名词单复数、主谓一致、先行词）（5）词义与固定搭配 3. 注意事项 （1）即使按照语感很快找到了疑似错误，也要坚持读完全句再做判断，可能会有新的发现。过于相信第一感觉而带来的失分是划不来的。（2）分两次改比较合理，因为毕竟只有少数人能够在第一遍看材料的时候就找出所有的错误，尽管这些错误不见得隐藏得多深。 （3）常考题型，高度警惕。冠词：the变a, a变the，补the补a，删a删the，每年都玩的把戏。

单复数：无非是his变their之类的，关键是细心。近义词：例如distinct和distinctive，move和movement，interest和interests… 反义词：尤其看到dis, un, im，in，non之类的，更要琢磨一下。 关联词：几乎是保留节目，and, but, however, though, moreover, therefore… 非谓语动词：见了ing想ed，见了ed想ing, 就是这么贱。 形容词比较级：多半是把原形改为比较级。考的频率也蛮高的。虚拟语气：注意一下还是比较容易看出来的，多长个心眼儿吧。 It：有时要加，有时要删，有时要变itself，总之多盯“它”几眼。动词词组：其实主要是介词的问题，这个没办法临时抱佛脚，要靠积累. 改错： 1、改错虽然为主观题，但错误类型相对集中，可分为以下几种情况： 定冠词：a, an, the误用，甚至多出来；解决

专八改错习题及答案解析

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(一) About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____ pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking ____2____ University. The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____ within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4____ families to moderate size. This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____ the United Nation?s Children?s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high ____6____ risk categories. The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7____ maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8_____ pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9____ mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than ____10____ two years apart. 参考答案及解析: 1 将had used 改为used。因为此句是虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，故条件从句中应使用一般过去时。例如：Many would be wise if they did not think themselves wise. 许多人原本会成为聪明人－如果他们不自以为聪明的话。 2 将publishing改为published;report和publish时逻辑动宾关系，故应使用publish的过去分词短语来修饰report。例如：Any discovery that we may make, however small, will remain acquired knowledge. 任何可能的发现，不管多么微不足道，都将成为知识宝库中的一部分。 3 将theirs改为their; 4 将among改为between;在两次怀孕期间留出足够的间隔时间，故用between。 5 将过去分词excluded改为介词excluding。excluding意为“不包括…” 6 将respectably改为respectively;respectively 意为“分别地”，符合句子的意思。而respectably 意为“可敬的，值得尊敬地”。 7将evidences改为evidence。evidence是不可数名词。 8将ill改为illness。 9将year改为years。 10将lesser改为less 英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(二) “Home, sweet home” is a phrase that express an essential attitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home _____1_____ has great importance for many people. This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlers of American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house _____2_____

历年英语专八改错真题

历年专八短文改错试题 2014年英语专八改错真题答案 There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s. There is a high level of agreement that the following questions ( a 前面加also) have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (possessed 改为captured) Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same sense one acquires a first language? (one前面加as ) What is the explanation for the fact adults have (fact后面加that) more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have? What motivates p eople to acquire additional languages? What is the role of the language teaching in the (language前面去掉the) acquisition of an additional language? What socio- cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additional languages? From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (去掉the) the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in commo n: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (attempts改为attempting) so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additional language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (or 改为and) focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, t he spotlight is on what mental capabilities are involving, what psychological factors pla y a role in the learning (involving改为involved) or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the classroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (touch改为contact) 2013年英语专八改错真题答案 Psycho_linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes invo lved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,

专八改错技巧总结

英语专八改错解题思路 1. 宏观层面分析 （1）句子结构（理顺整个句子的结构，必要时检索上下文） （2）逻辑关系（关联词选择：并列、递进、因果、转折、假设、让步等） （3）时态和语态（完成时和虚拟语气是考查重点）2. 微观层面分析 （1）缺漏（介词、代词、引导词）（2）冗余（两个主语、同义重复） （3）误用（词性、分词、正反义、主被动、形容词和副词级别） （4）一致性（名词单复数、主谓一致、先行词）（5）词义与固定搭配3. 注意事项 （1）即使按照语感很快找到了疑似错误，也要坚持读完全句再做判断，可能会有新的发现。过于相信第一感觉而带来的失分是划不来的。 （2）分两次改比较合理，因为毕竟只有少数人能够在第一遍看材料的时候就找出所有的错误，尽管这些错误不见得隐藏得多深。 （3）常考题型，高度警惕。冠词：the变a, a变the，补the补a，删a删the，每年都玩的把戏。 单复数：无非是his变their之类的，关键是细心。近义词：例如distinct和distinctive，move和movement，interest和interests… 反义词：尤其看到dis, un, im，in，non之类的，更要琢磨一下。 关联词：几乎是保留节目，and, but, however, though, moreover, therefore… 非谓语动词：见了ing想ed，见了ed想ing, 就是这么贱。 形容词比较级：多半是把原形改为比较级。考的频率也蛮高的。虚拟语气：注意一下还是比较容易看出来的，多长个心眼儿吧。 It：有时要加，有时要删，有时要变itself，总之多盯“它”几眼。动词词组：其实主要是介词的问题，这个没办法临时抱佛脚，要靠积累. 改错： 1、改错虽然为主观题，但错误类型相对集中，可分为以下几种情况： 定冠词：a, an, the误用，甚至多出来；解决办法：分析定冠词的主语及上下文有无指代；级：分两类错误，第一种是原级用成比较级，比较级用成最高级，反之亦然。有一种除外，是两者比较谁最好，可以用最高级；第二种是意思相反，如most改为least； 连词错误：也分两种，第一种为连词误用，应该表示转折的用成了并列，比如while改为and；第二种为近义词。在不同语境中用However, Nonetheless, 比用but更合适，更合乎语法；（与逻辑关系也有关，看上下文，联系语境） 词性错误：多出现为形容词转变为副词，反之亦然；也有可能是限定，如adv.+adj.+n.，如下所说；形容词改为动词或名词等，多出现在一词多性的情况下； 形容词限定错误：出现在adj.+adj.+n.要知道第1个adj.是限定第2个adj.还是限定n.；若是限定第2个adj.，大多改为副词adv.； 搭配错误：多为介词搭配错误，如in some extent改为to，rely in改为on等；也有搭配词没有给出，需要自己添加，比如define...as； 词义错误：比如：rather than改为other than；（此项比较难） 近义形容词错误：例如：respective, respectable, respectful, respecting, respected；（此项比较难） 缺失：例如the fact 后面直接接了句子，中间缺少that，表明同位关系； 多余：有的地方莫名其妙多出一个词，多为介词，是没有用的； 词义相反：多出现在形容词，需要在前面添加或去掉in-, im-, ir-, un-等否定前缀； 主动被动：分析主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系是主动还是被动，多出现在分句中；

英语专八校对与改错解题技巧

英语专八校对与改错解题技巧 校对与改错 Proofreading and Error Correction 校对与改错是英语专业学生高年级考试(TEM-8)的第二部分。该部分采用主观测试题型。该项目包含两个部分：答题要求和一篇要求修改的短文。答题要求部分说明修改短文的三种方法：加入、删去和改动某一单词，并举例说明。要求修改的短文长度为200字左右。短文的体裁和题材不超出学生所熟悉的范围。短文内含10个错误;错误都出现在标有题号的行内。错误一般涉及单个词;每行只出现一个错误。要求修改的单词既有功能词(如介词、冠词等)，也有实义词(动词、名词等)。错误既涉及句内也涉及句际。 校对与改错部分的测试目的是检查学生在实际语境中灵活运用语言的能力。该项目考查学生的语法和词汇知识，但更侧重评估学生的综合语言能力。校对改错部分要求学生在15分钟内找出10个错误，并根据要求用三种方法之一改正错误。 这一部分要求考生掌握三种知识： (1.)语法知识 众所周知，英语语言能力包括众多因素，其中之一是语法知识。没有系统的语法知识，学习者就很难全面、准确地以口头或书面的形式表达思维或意念。对于把英语作为外语的学生来说，语法知识的掌握尤为重要，因为它有助于提高语言的准确性、逻辑性。鉴于此，校对改错项目的一个测试点是检验高年级学生语法知识的掌握程度及其运用能力。一般地说，该项目中要求改正的错误里包括一些语法错误。例如： 定语从句(1996年第三题)， 情态动词(1997年第一题)， 冠词(1997年第九题)， 介词(1998年第四题)， 反身代词(1998年第六题)，等等。 校对改错项目要求学生运用已学过的语法知识，来判断句子的正误，找出语病，并作修正。 这里要强调的一点是，TEM-8考试的这个项目不是孤立地测试学生的语法知识;它更偏重学生运用语法知识的能力，即怎样把书本知识转化成实际能力。因此，对于学生来说，在平时一要巩固已学过的语法知识，理清概念;二要注重提高运用语言知识解决具体问题的能力。 (2.)词汇与搭配 校对改错项目的另一测试点是学生对常用词汇、搭配和用法的了解及运用。比如： 外层空间应为outer space，而不是out space(1996年第5题)， 做动作应为perform an act，而不是make an act(1997年第8题)， 姿式应为posture，而不是post (1997年第10题)，站起来应为get to their feet，而不是get on their feet(1998年第4题)，等等。 词汇测试面涵盖各类词性的词，同时侧重考核它们的搭配与用法。归根结底，词汇测试部分主要是检验高年级学生在词