上外全新版大学英语综合教程讲义

Unit 2

“Future”, is a puzzling word for all the people in this world, including the scientists and the common. What will the world be like in five hundred year’s time?

A thousand years’ time? Or more? Some people are pessimistic, and fear that things can only get wore because people may be slaves of the developed science and technology. Others are optimistic, looking forward to a better world and a happy life with the development of science and technology. In this Unit, we are given two texts about “smart cars”, a kind of intelligent products that bring so much convenience to people in the future. Then let’s come to Unit2 and learn something about “smart cars” in about 7 classes.

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Objectives in Unit 2:

⒈words and phrases:

alert application capability convert correlate decrease(increase) drastically eliminate expansion prototype manufacturing in the air take control of get/be stuck in turn(sth.) into/become a reality appropriate implement outline permanent thereby at the start of by means of in cooperation with

⒉structure:

①double prepositions

②V. + it +adj. + to do

③“” (present or past) is used as adjective to modify noun.

⒊ learn some techniques in expository writing(definition, quote, a mixture of facts and opinions, etc.)

4. writing: how to write a resume ( need explaining in detail)--- for homework to introduce next unit.

For the first period: (1st,2nd class) have a revision of Unit 1 and come to Unit 2(words and phrases)

Text A Smart Cars

ⅠSOME QUESTIONS for group discussion: (30 minutes)

①What will the world be like in the future? (worse or better) What aspect do you

think in the world will change most?

—Worse: destroyed by the people themselves, war, depend excessively on advanced science and technology to become lazy, indifferent, lack love between people

and people, the Judge Day.

—Better: make good use of science and technology to improve the world, a world garden, a society like Communist Society, happy life, share

—Aspect: people’s life ,( way of thinking, custom)

②With the development of science and technology, what will happen to cars? What

can be called “smart cars”?

—In the film “007”, a “smart car ” is described. It was a transportation for Bond and the name was “the vanish”. It was a car of “adopted camouflage. Ti ny

cameras on all sides…project the image they see onto a light-emitting…polymer skin on the opposite side. For the casual eyes, it’s as good as invisible. Plus all the usual refinements, ejector seat…”

③Would you like to drive a smart car? Why or why not?

Like—convenient, comfortable, a vehicle avoiding traffic accidents, safe, with many functions that we can imagine

Do not like—can not enjoy the pleasure of driving a car, too complex

④ Free writing :

(Finish it in ten minutes)

*You may begin with the sentences:

A. If I could afford a car, I will buy one without hesitation because…….

B. Even if I could afford a car, I may not actually want to drive one because…... *State your viewpoints to the other students in your group

Ⅱ Background information (Introduction of Cars) : (10 minutes)

The invention of cars ─ The first self-propelled car was built by Nicolas Cugnot in 1769 which could attain speeds of up to 6 kms/hour. In 1771 he again designed another steam-driven engine which ran so fast that it rammed into a wall, recording the worlds first accident.

Some famous brands of cars ─General Motors

Ford Motor Company(Ford Lincoln Mercury Mazda Volvo Jaguar

Land Rover Aston Martin)?

DaimlerChrysler （戴姆勒-克莱斯勒）(DaimlerChryslers’ passen ger car brands include Maybach, Mercedes-Benz, Chrysler, Jeep?, Dodge and smart. Commercial vehicle brands include Mercedes-Benz, Freightliner, Sterling, Western ,Star and Setra)

Toyota (Toyota is a world famous brand of cars. The company is in Japan) Mercedes-Benz (This brand has stood for more than 100 years. It is a German company.)

From the questions we discussed in the above, we can get a general impression on the future world and the smart cars in the future. Smart cars that can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and drive on their own… all that sounds like a dream maybe become a reality with the help of computer revolution and with the appearance of smart cars, the modern science and technology will bring some effects on man in the future possibly. Thereby, let’s look at the first text “Smart Cars”.

Ⅲ TEXT ORGANIZATION: (15 minutes)

Part one paras 1—3 New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and

highways in the 21st century.

Part two paras 4—9 With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will

be designed that they can help eliminate traffic

accidents, determine their own precise locations and

warn of traffic jams.

Smart cars are superior to the ordinary cars in many ways: (let the

students find answers in this part)

①Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act.

②They can eliminate most car accidents.

③They can alert the police and provide precise location if stolen.

④They can monitor one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby.

⑤They can alert the driver who feels drowsy.

⑥They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.

Part three paras 10—13 GPS and “telematics” will make it possible to

build smart highways, which will benefit us in

more than one way.

Ⅳ KEY POINTS in the text: (30 minutes)

Part one

⒈questions: — What are the effects of the computer revolution?

—It brings the development of automobile industry and the

appearance of the smart cars become possible.

⒉language points: ① turn into/become a reality ─ H er dreams of being a

college student has turned into a reality.

②para1 phrase “remain unchanged” 保持一种状态 Keep warm

remain untouched remain silent

para2 rank as: put…in a class 被列为…

They all agree to rank Addison as a great essayist.

…as among… (double preposition. Exercise 1 for structure) para3 key (to): sth. that provides an answer (to a problem or a mystery) General Motors Corporation 通用汽车公司

ITS program: 智能运输系统Intelligent Transportation System

program

ITS improves transportation safety and mobility and enhances productivity through the use of advanced communications technologies.

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) encompass a broad range of wireless and wire line communications-based information and electronics technologies.? When integrated into the transportation system's infrastructure, and in vehicles themselves, these technologies relieve congestion, improve safety and enhance American productivity.? Homework: ① review the key points we have leaned in the part one.

②preview the following text, find the difficult sentences, try to memorize

the words and expressions in the vocabulary.

?

For the second period: (3rd ,4th class)

Part two

⒈questions: ① ─In what aspects are the smart cars superior to the ordinary cars? (text organization 2)

② ─What new technology have already been adopted in developing the cars? ─We have had the cars that can monitor one’s driving and the d riving

conditions nearby; We have had the cars that can determine how sleepy you are as you drive; and in Japan cars with navigational capability have been built.

⒉ language points: para4 ① don’t bother to do: take trouble 麻烦

Don’t bother to get dinner for me today; I’ll eat

at a restaurant in town.

② via (prep.) 通过 by way of

④in the air : uncertain— My plan are still quite in the air.

There is a peculiar smell in the air.

Para 5 ① scan for

② Should you make a serious mistake,… (subjunctive mood)

If you should make a serious mistake,…

Para 6 ①MIT: 麻省理工学院Massachusetts Institute of Technology, one of the world’s leading research universities, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1865, the school was opened in Boston by geologist William Barton Rogers who became its first president. Throughout its history MIT has held a worldwide reputation for teaching and reach.

② underestimated/overestimated

Para 7 question: what are the two of the most frustrating things about driving a car? And how to overcome it ? ()

①tune to

②They make it possible to determine your location…

V. + it +adj. + to do

Exercise 2 for structure

Para 8 convert (to) ─change from one form or use to another (followed by into/to) The signal will be converted into digital code.

Para 9 correlate ─have a mutual relationship or connection, in which one thing affects or depends on another (followed by with/to)

A mothers smoking in pregnancy correlates with low birth weight in her baby.

Part three:

⒈questions: How to use GPS and “telematics” in automobile industry in the future? What are the benefits?

—Blind individuals could use GPS…the list of potential uses is endless; put the smart cars on smart high ways

—This could prove to be an environmental boon as well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, as serving as an alternative to highway expansion.

⒉ language points: ①be poised to do: (be ready to do) The automobile company is poised to launch its new advertising campaign.

②…as the price of microchips drops to below a penny a piece…

double preposition (exercise on page52)

③ GPS:全球性定位系统The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a

satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the . Department of Defense. GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the system available for civilian use. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in

the world, 24 hours a day. There are no subscription fees or setup charges to

use GPS.

Homework: ① review the whole text, especially the key points. Learn to analysis and translate some long sentences if necessary.

② finish the exercises.

For the third period: (5th class)

Have a dictation and explain the rest exercises of text A, especially the words, phrases and translation, help the students memorize all the language points.

Dictation: turn it into reality automobile industry manufacturing industry start up the engine alert the police get stuck in traffic a precise frequency decreasing air pollution highway expansion send put a radio signal application approximately eliminate lucrative convert

______changed the world during the 20th century, _______in the United States and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some______ as well, such as noise and air______, and highway______. It is reported that automobile accidents _____among the leading causes of death or injury throughout the world. Fortunately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, designs, and means of ______cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. For example, by using the _____-aided global positioning system (GPS), a computer in the automobile can _____the vehicle’s precise position, and with the application of sensors, smart cars can _____most cars accidents. (Automobiles, particularly, hazards, pollution, fatalities, rank, manufacturing, satellite, locate, eliminate)

Explain the exercises together, especially vocabulary, structure, cloze .

(6th class) come to text B

Text B Intelligent vehicles

Objectives:

1.This text is used as a fast reading t o practice student’s ability for reading

comprehension.

2.Try to grasp the new words and phrase listed in the box.

3.learn to comprehend the sentences and translate them into Chinese.

Step one: give students 15 minutes to read the text and at the same time finish the following questions (for first seven N, Y and NG, the next three brief

answer s)

We only eliminate the more that ten percent of the traffic crashes that are

caused by human errors by driving the intelligent car. (N)

We can infer that the author believes that human drivers cannot travel close behind other vehicles. (Y)

The author mentions the Futurama as an example to explain a failed attempt at automation. (N)

Visual systems for observing the road are better than magnetic systems because they do not need special equipment buried in the road. (Y)

For observing other vehicles, laser systems are preferred in the USA. (NG) Onboard computers are better than roadside computers for setting lane speed.

(N)

The author’ attitude towards the future developm ent of automatic transport system is positive. (Y)

The distances and closing rates to preceding vehicles can be measured by a _____or a _________. Radar, laser rangefinder

The _______ of these driver muscle functions are electromechanical devices installed in the automated vehicle. Equivalents

The luxury of being chauffeured to your destination might be enjoyed by all, not just the__________. Wealthiest individuals

Step two: Text Organization─

Part one (1—2) the benefit to be gained from the intelligent vehicles─

eliminate the traffic crashes, reduce antisocial driving behavior, the entire population can enjoy it, reduce the pollution and

fuel consumption

Part two (3—15) the way intelligent cars work and the remaining changes as to their application.

1.it is a realistic prospect to have intelligent cars in the near

future.

2.it is possible to determine accurately a vehicle’s position and

orientation relative to the lane’s center.

3.The distances and closing rates to preceding vehicles can be

measured by a radar or a laser rangefinder.

4.the electromechanical devices control the car completely.

5. Computers in the vehicles and those at the roadside decide when

and where to change the course.

6.There remains a number of difficulties to be overcome, technical

ones especially.

Part three (16) the promising future of intelligent cars.

Homework：preview the text； read the text in detail

For the forth period:

Step three: key points─

1.outline / deadline/ headline/ online/ underline

2.implication─ n. implication for sb./sth.

The new report has far-reaching implications for the future of broadcasting.

这一新报告对广播业的前途有些意味深长的暗示。

V. imply His silence implied agreement.

3. feasible: possible

It is not feasible to follow your proposals.

n.feasibility

We should do a feasibility study before adopting the new proposals.

4. in cooperation with: This report is produced by the Government in cooperation

with the chemical industry.

V. cooperate adj. cooperative

5. diverse: on different kinds, varied people from diverse cultures

V. diversify diversify one’s skills

n. diversity a wide diversity of opinions

6. permanent: lasting/ everlasting/ durable/ enduring

impermanent/ temporary

: adj. ~ for/to sth. His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion.

You will be informed of the details at the appropriate time.

v.take sth. for one’s own use, without others’ permission 挪用，窃用

He was accused of appropriating club funds.

8. means: way, method All possible means have been tried.

By means of ─ lift the load by means of crane

By all means ─ yes, of course, certainly

By no means ─ not at all She is by no means poor.

9. perceive: become aware of, notice, observe

The patient was perceived to have difficulty in standing and walking. ~ sth. as sth.

I perceived his comment as a challenge. 我认为他的批评是对我的激励。Some sentences that needs paying attention:

① These are vulnerable to weather problems and provide less accurate measurement, but they do not require special roadway installations, other than well-maintained lane markings.

“be vulnerable to”易受影响的，

“other than ”除了， He never speaks to me other than to ask for something.

这类系统易受气候变化的影响，提供的信息将不够准确，但它们不需要特别的道路设置，只需将路面标志维护好就行了。

②However, it should not take long for the costs to become affordable to a wide range of vehicle owners and operators, especially with many of the enabling technologies already being commercialized for volume production today.

“it takes some time for sb. to do sth. ”句型

affordable: sth. that can be able to afford

然而，不用多久，其成本就能为广大车辆拥有者和驾驶者所接受，尤其是目前不少可以应用的技术已经走向市场，开始了批量生产。

③ The largest impediment to introduction of electronic chauffeuring may turn out to be the general perception that it’s more difficult and expensive to implement than it really is.

电子驾驶应用的最大障碍可能在于一种普遍的观念，认为这一技术的应用比实际情况更困难，更昂贵。

④Given all of this experience in implementing safe automated transportation systems, it is not such a large leap to develop road vehicles that can operate under automatic control.

“given”─ prep. taking (sth.) into account 考虑到（某事物）

Given the government’s record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look poor

考虑到所有这些安全运用自动化交通运输系统的经验，开发由自动控制操纵的公路车辆算不上什么大的飞跃。

Finish Text B, and then come to Page 66, for essay writing. ( how to write a resume). Help the student to write a resume for homework.

Dictation for this Unit:

1.At the beginning of the race, the runners were bunched together on the track, but

later some of them got ahead and left the others behind.

2.Our vacation was a disaster: the food was terrible, and the weather was awful as

well.

3.Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung cancer are correlated.

4.At the beginning of the reform period, approximately 11,000 students went aboard

to pursue further study.

5.The United Nations Environment Program works in cooperation with other UN bodies.

6.American culture possesses an unusual mixture of patterns and forms forged from

among its diverse peoples.

7.Recent innovations in software have enabled animators to create a more realistic

sense of movement.

8.Standard language is usually more appropriate in formal situations because people

have come to expect it on those occasions.

9.All countries subject their banks, however owned, to government regulation and

supervision, normally implemented by central banking authorities.

10. The Security Council of the United nations has 15 members; five of which hold

permanent seats.

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One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?

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1. Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in brackets. 1. (attention) Correct answer inattention 2. (qualify) Correct answer qualified Correct answer Navigation 4. Correct answer participants 5. Correct answer unconscious 6. Correct answer competence 7. Correct answer inequalities 8. morning. (request) Correct answer

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Your answer Correct answer from from 17. Your answer Correct answer to to 18. Your answer Correct answer on on 19. Your answer Correct answer in in Your answer Correct answer On On 3. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the best answer from the choices given. 21. The buses, ___________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of which B. both of which C. few of them D. those of which 22. There's only one man ____________ the job. A. qualified for

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