ABAP面试题
1. What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program?
HEADER, BODY, FOOTER.
2. What are field symbols and field groups? Have you used "component idx of structure" clause with field groups?
Field Symbols: Field symbols are placeholders for existing fields. A Field Symbol does not physically reserve space for a field, but points to a field which is not known until runtime of the program.
Field groups: A field group combines several fields under one name. At runtime, the INSERT command is used to define which data fields are assigned to which field group.
There should always be a HEADER field group that defines how the extracted data will be sorted, the data is sorted by the fields grouped under the HEADER field group.
3. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?
STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED "CONVERSION".
STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER". STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE
i) call transaction(Write the program explicitly)
ii) create sessions ( Sessions are created and processed. If success, data will transfer).
4. What is a batch input session?
It is created by data transfer program.
SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table.
Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
5. What is the alternative to batch input session?
Call transaction.
6. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session.
We need to submit the program and the batch session in back ground.
How to do it?
Please go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING)
7. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions?
How is batch input process different from processing online?
PROBLEMS:
i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue (log remains). However if session is processed we may delete it manually.
ii) If session processing fails data will not be transferred to SAP database table.
Differences:
1) Batch Processing is much slower than on-line processing
2)Batch Processing is efficient for handling large amounts of data .Example : payroll
Online processing is more suited for fast processing of small amounts of data. Example: Airline
8. What are the different types of data dictionary objects?
Tables, structures, views, domains, data elements, lock objects, matchcode objects.
9. How many types of tables exist and what are they in data dictionary?
3 types of tables
i) Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields. Both Opensql and Nativesql can be used.
ii) Pool tables - Pooled tables are logical tables that must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Pooled tables are used to store control data. Several pooled tables can be cominied in a table pool. The data of these pooled tables are then sorted in a common table in the database.
iii) Cluster tables -These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparent tables. One cannot use native sql on these tables (only opensql). They are not manageable directly using database system tools.
10. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?
Step 1: creating domains (data type, field length, range).
Step 2: creating data elements (properties and type for a table field).
Step 3: creating tables (SE11).
11. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically? No. Transparent tables do exist with the same structure, both in the dictionary as well as in database, exactly with the same data and the fields.
12. What are the domains and data elements?
DOMAINS: FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE DATA TYPES.THEY SET ATTRIBUTES SUCH AS DATA TYPE, LENGTH, RANGE.
DATA ELEMENT: A FIELD IN R/3 SYSTEM IS A DATA ELEMENT.
13. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?
YES. We can create a table having fields that can refer directly to predefined data type and not data element. We have a tab while creating a table for pre-defined data types. If we directly assign a data type to a field we need not give any data element.
14. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?
The most important advantage of the structures is that they have global existence (i.e.; these could be used by any other program without creating it again).
15. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?
Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT.
When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset EXTRACT HEADER.
When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields.
As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group, the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs.
By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.
16. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?
If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry.
17. What is open sql vs native sql?
Open SQL allows developers to control SQL statements directly. Open SQL encapsulates the semantics for statement execution, parameter binding and results fetching provided by each database vendor in a
vendor- independent interface. The operations performed with Open SQL translate directly to the primitive operations provided by each database, yet the API is consistent across all vendors.
To avoid incompatibilities between different database tables and also to make ABAP/4 programs independent of the database system in use, SAP has created a set of separate SQL statements called Open SQL. Open SQL contains a subset of standard SQL statements as well as some enhancements which are specific to SAP.
Native SQL allows you to use database-specific SQL statements in an ABAP program. This means that you can use database tables that are not administered by the ABAP Dictionary, and therefore integrate data that is not part of the R/3 System.
18. What does an EXEC SQL statement do in ABAP?
What is the disadvantage of using it?
Executes the Native SQL statements enclosed between EXEC SQL and ENDEXEC statements. Unlike Open SQL the addressed database tables must not be declared in the ABAP Dictionary.
19. What is the meaning of ABAP/4 editor integrated with ABAP/4 data dictionary?
Abap is programming language in business, data dictionary is kind a interface for editor to retrieve from database level to presentation area. It’s a meta data.
The ABAP Dictionary is integration with the rest of the development environment enables ABAP programs to automatically recognize the names and characteristics of dictionary objects. Additionally, the system provides easy navigation between development objects and dictionary definitions. For example, as a programmer, you can double-click on the name of a dictionary object in your program code, and the system will take you directly to the definition of that object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
20. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?
Initialization, at selection-screen, start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At
line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST,AT END, AT FIRST.
21. What is an interactive report?
What is the obvious difference of such report compared with classical type reports?
An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on users’ choice. Difference:
a) THE LIST PRODUCED BY CLASSICAL REPORT DOESN'T allow user to interact with the system the list produced by interactive report allows the user to interact with the system.
b) ONCE A CLASSICAL REPORT EXECUTED USER LOOSES CONTROL.IR USER HAS CONTROL.
c) IN CLASSICAL REPORT DRILLING IS NOT POSSIBLE.IN INTERACTIVE DRILLING IS POSSIBLE.
22. What is a drill down report?
It is an Interactive report where in the user can get more relevant data by selecting explicitly.
23. How do you write a function module in SAP?
1Check whether a suitable function module already exists. If not, proceed to step 2.
2Create a function group, if no appropriate group exists yet.
3Create the function module.
4Define the function module interface by entering its parameters and exceptions.
5Write the actual ABAP code for the function module, adding any relevant global data to the TOP include.
6Activate the module.
7Test the module.
8Document the module and its parameters for other users.
9Release the module for general use.
24. What are the exceptions in function module?
COMMUNICATION_FAILURE SYSTEM_FAILURE.
25. What is a function group?
Function groups are containers for function modules. You cannot execute a function group. When you call a function module, the system loads the whole of its function group into the internal session of the calling program (if it has not already been loaded).
26. How are the date and time field values stored in SAP?
A DATE value designates a point in time by the components year (0001 to 9999), month (1 to 12) and day (1 to 28, 29, 30, 31 depending on the month and year).
A TIME value designates a time of day by the components hour (0 to 24), minute (0 to 59) and second (0 to 59).
A TIMESTAMP value designates a point in time represented by a date and time as defined previously including a fractional specification of seconds with a portable precision of tens of milliseconds.
The DATE and TIME types are not time-zone aware. This means that they behave as if the values were stored in string representation. The TIMESTAMP type, however, is time-zone aware. Values of this type are always stored as UTC time-stamps.
27. Name a few data dictionary objects?
TABLES, VIEWS, STRUCTURES, LOCK OBJECTS, MATCHCODE OBJECTS.
28. What happens when a table is activated?
When the table is activated, a physical table definition is created in the database for the table definition stored in the ABAP dictionary. The table definition is translated from the ABAP dictionary of the particular database.
It is available for any insertion, modification and updating of records by any user.
29. What is a check table and what is a value table?
Check table will be at field level checking.
Value table will be at domain level checking ex: SCARR table is check table for CARRID.
30. What are matchcodes? Describe?
It is a similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary keys or non-primary keys. Matchcodes were replaced with Search Helps starting with Release 4.0. Please use search helps to assign an input help to a field.
31. What transactions do you use for data analysis?
SE11，SE16，SE80
SE30 - gives you a run time analysis and points out the issues more at design time.
ST05 - Is the most useful if you want to track time taken for execution of each of the sections.
SM50 - Will give you a work process overview, not sure at a program level how can it help you.
ST04: database performance analysis
DB02: database performance: Table & Indexes
DB01: Exclusive Lock waits
AL21: ABAP Analysis
ST01: System Trace
32. What is table maintenance generator?
Table Maintenance Generator is a tool used to customize the tables created by end users and can be changed as required, such as making an entry to that table, deleting an entry etc. In other words, table maintenance generator is a user interface tool which is used to change the entry of the table or delete an entry from the table or create an entry for the table.
33. What are ranges? What are number ranges?
Ranges: max, min values provided in selection screens.
Number ranges: Tcode: SNRO, function: NUMBER_GET_NEXT, it can create number range buffer
34. What are select options and how are they different from parameters?
Select options provide ranges where as parameters do not.
SELECT-OPTIONS declares an internal table which is automatically filled with values or ranges
of values entered by the end user. For each SELECT-OPTION, the system creates a selection table. SELECT-OPTIONS FOR.
A selection table is an internal table with fields SIGN, OPTION, LOW and HIGH.
The type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of .
The SIGN field can take the following values: I
Inclusive (should apply) E Exclusive (should not apply)
The OPTION field can take the following values: EQ Equal GT
Greater than NE Not equal BT Between LE Less than or equal NB Not between LT Less than CP Contains pattern GE Greater than or equal NP No pattern.
Select Options vs Parameters
PARAMETERS allow users to enter a single value into an internal field within a report.
SELECT-OPTIONS allow users to fill an internal table with a range of values.
For each PARAMETERS or SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should define text elements by choosing Goto - Text elements - Selection texts - Change.
Eg: Parameters name(30).
When the user executes the ABAP/4 program, an input field for 'name' will appear on the selection screen. You can change the comments on the left side of the input fields by using text elements as described in Selection Texts.
35. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report?
And how do you display initial values in a selection screen?
Validate: by using matchcode objects.
Display: Parameters default 'xxx'.
36. What are selection texts?
At the selection screen we would assign a text to the selection screen parameter for display. This is actually called as selection text.
37. What is CTS and what do you know about it?
The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape.
This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.
For practical information on working with the Change and Transport System, see Change and Transport Organizer and Transport Management System.
38. When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection texts always go with it? If not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it?
39. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?
A client is a logical division of data within an SAP system. Some things, like application data are mostly client-dependent, meaning that for example, a G/L account defined in client 123 of system ABC is only visible in that client. Therefore if you logon to client 456 of system ABC you will not be seeing the same database entity (if it is defined at all).Multiple clients within an SAP system are often used in development, testing and training systems - so that individuals can work in the same system (on the same codeset) but in isolation of each other.
Client independent is something which is same through out all clients, which is common between all clients
40. Are programs client dependent?
Yes. Group of users can access these programs with a client no.
41. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs?
SY-SUBRC, SY-DBCNT, SY-LILLI, SY-DATUM, SY-UZEIT, SY-UCOMM,SY-TABIX.....
SY-LILLI IS ABSOLUTE NO OF LINES FROM WHICH THE EVENT WAS TRIGGERED.
42. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement?
i) It is a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program.
They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.
ii) Using SY-DBCNT.
iii) The number of memory allocations the system need to allocate for the next record population.
43. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs? Performance of ABAP can be improved by minimizing the amount of data to be transferred.
The data set must be transferred through the network to the applications, so reducing the amount of time and also reduces the network traffic.
Some measures that can be taken are:
- Use views defined in the ABAP/4 DDIC (also has the advantage of better reusability).
- Use field list (SELECT clause) rather than SELECT *.
- Range tables should be avoided (IN operator)
- Avoid nested SELECTS.
44. What are datasets?
The sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.
45. How to find the return code of a statement in ABAP programs?
You can use SY-SUBRC.
46. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP?
CONVERSION programs are the ones which have one time usage, usually when a legacy system is being replaced by a system like SAP, then the data has to be mapped from the legacy system to SAP system. Here the data to be converted is given on a flat file & is uploaded to SAP tables mostly using LSMW only. Conversions programs are BDC, BAPI and LSMW programs in which you upload all the related tables from the flat files. Those are one time programs.
Interface programs are those programs in which you fetch the data from the application server and process on those data. These are helpful when you have to run any program in the back group when the presentation server is not working.
INTERFACE programs are the ones which are run at regular intervals, say weekly, monthly or even daily. Here the legacy system continues to co-exist along with SAP system, the legacy system might be useful for certain functionalities but the data might have to run thru SAP transactions for complex data maintenance at regular intervals.
CONVERSION: LEGACY SYSTEM TO FLAT FILE.
INTERFACE: FLAT FILE TO SAP SYSTEM.
47. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?
We use LSMW tool which is provided by SAP to upload the Data into SAP from legacy data.
There are various other methods for Upload, but Direct Input method is the one which SAP provided directly to upload the data. There are some predefined programs and structures, that should be mapped and the data transfer takes automatically.
48. What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why?
49. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?
Logical databases are special ABAP programs that retrieve data and make it available to application programs. Logical databases contain Open SQL statements that read data from the database. You do not therefore need to use SQL in your own programs. The logical database reads the program, stores them in the program if necessary, and then passes them line by line to the application program or the function module LDB_PROCESS.
Advantages:
i) Check functions which check that user input is complete, correct and plausible.
ii) Meaningful data selection.
iii) Central authorization checks for database accesses.
iv) Good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic.
Disadvantages:
i) If you do not specify a logical database in the program attributes, the GET events never occur.
ii) There is no ENDGET command, so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
50. What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report?
AT LINE-SELECTION, AT USER-COMMAND,AT PF.
51. What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used?
55. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP/4 query tool?
Advantages: No programming knowledge is required.
Disadvantages: Depending on the complexity of the database tables, it may not be easy for the user to select the necessary data correctly.
52. What are the functional areas? User groups? And how does ABAP/4 query work in relation to these?
53. Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP/4 query?
54. What are Change header/detail tables? Have you used them?
CDHDR & CDPOS are the tables for change document header and position. These tables get updated when there is change.
55. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session?
We will look into the error log file (SM35). Check number of records already updated and delete them from input file and run BDC again.
56. What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions?
We look into the list of incorrect session and process it again. To correct incorrect session, we analyze the session to determine which screen and value produced the error. For small errors in data we correct them interactively otherwise modify batch input program that has generated the session or many times even the data file.
57. How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the event driven batch jobs?
Go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING).
58. Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run?
You can try to define the command by SM69 and then use it by fm SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE.
59. What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relevant table for that?
60. Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages?
Yes.
61. What is a currency factoring technique?
The amount value (defined as currency) will be dependent on currency key. that's why currency field should have a reference field of type currency key.
Based on the currency key value the no of decimals values will be determined. Please refer TCURC table to get information about currency key.
62. How do you document ABAP/4 programs? Do you use program documentation menu option?
SE38, choose Documentation
63. What is SAPscript and layout set?
Printable document such as invoices, purchase order are printed with the use of forms, SAP allows the user to define these forms by using layout sets is SAP scripts.
Layout set is used to design a document. Layout set on its own does not contain any data. Selection of data for the document is done through the print program.
64. What are the ABAP/4 commands that link to a layout set?
Control commands, system commands,
65. What is output determination?
The Output Determination component offers output functions for sales, shipping, transportation, and billing to help you manage sales transactions with your customers and within your company. You can create sales activity output (for example, customer telephone calls, mailing campaigns) and group output (for example, freight lists). Your company employees can send and receive output. Output is directly linked to the corresponding sales transaction (for example, the system automatically sends an order confirmation via Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) as soon as the employee creates an order).
66. What are IDOCs?
IDoc (for intermediate document) is a standard data structure for electronic data interchange (EDI) between application programs written for the popular SAP business system or between an SAP application and an external program. IDocs serve as the vehicle for data transfer in SAP's Application Link Enabling (ALE) system. IDocs are used for asynchronous transactions: each IDoc generated exists as a self-contained text file that can then be transmitted to the requesting workstation without connecting to the central database. Another SAP mechanism, the Business Application Programming Interface (BAPI) is used for synchronous transactions.
67. What is screen painter? Menu painter? GUI status?
Screen Painter is a Workbench Tool (transaction SE51) that allows developers to design screens
The Menu Painter is a tool with which you design user interfaces for your ABAP programs.
A GUI status is an independent component of an ABAP program.
68. What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it? Explain PAI and PBO.
The control statements that control the screen flow.
PBO - This event is triggered before the screen is displayed.
PAI - This event is responsible for processing of screen after the user enters the data and clicks the pushbutton.
69. Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP?
Create program-SE93-create transaction code-Run it from command field.
70. Does SAP have a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what operating systems is it available on? What is the other type of screen painter called?
SAP has a graphical screen painter and is available on all the OS, it has no dependency on OS.
Prior to this, alpha numeric screen painter was available.
71. What are step loops? How do you program pagedown pageup in step loops?
You can group screen elements together into a step loop. A step loop is a repeated series of loop blocks.
A loop block consists of one or more loop lines of graphical screen elements. You can define a loop block as fixed or variable.
72. Is ABAP a GUI language?
Yes. ABAP is an event driven language.
73. Normally how many and what files get created when a transaction program is written? What is the XXXXXTOP program?
74. What are the include programs?
Contain program code that cannot be run on its own. You call them from another program using INCLUDE statements.
75. Can you call a subroutine of one program from another program?
Yes. Only external subroutines using 'SUBMIT' statement.
76. What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What precautions are needed? User exits are a type of system enhancement that was originally developed for the R/3 SD (Sales and distribution) module. User-exits are empty subroutines that SAP Developers have provided for you. You can fill them with your own source code. Technically this is a modification.
77. What is RFC? How do you write RFC on SAP side?
RFC enables you to call and execute predefined functions in a remote system - or even in the same system. RFC manage the communication process, parameter transfer and error handling.
78. What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs?
Should start with Y or Z.
79. How do you find if a logical database exists for your program requirements?
SLDB-F4.
80. How do you find the tables to report from when the user just tells you the transaction he uses? And all the underlying data is from SAP structures?
Transaction code is entered in command field to open the table. Utilities-Table contents-display.
81. How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in SAP?
82. What are the different modules of SAP?
FI, CO, SD, MM, PP, HR.
83. How do you get help in ABAP?
HELP-SAP LIBRARY, by pressing F1 on a keyword.
84. What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?
The 2 editors are se38 and se80 both have the ABAP editor in place. In se38 u can go create programs and view online reports and basically do all the development of objects in this editor. In se80 ( object navigator) there are additional features such as creating packages, module pool, function group, classes, programs ( where u can create your programs) and BSP applications .
85. What are the different elements in layout sets?
PAGES, Page windows, Header, Paragraph, Character String, Windows.
86. Can you use if then else, perform.. etc statements in sap script?
Yes.
87. What type of variables normally used in SAPscript to output data?
&Tables name- fields&.
88. How do you number pages in SAPscript layout outputs?
No of pages: &PAGE& / &SAPSCRICT-FORMPAGES&.
Current page: &PAGE&.
Total number of pages: &SAPSCRICT-FORMPAGES&.
89. What takes most time in SAP script programming?
LAYOUT DESIGN AND LOGO INSERTION.
90. How do you use tab sets in layout sets?
91. How do you backup SAPscript layout sets? Can you download and upload? How?
SAP script backup: In transaction SE71 goto Utilities -> Copy from client -> Give source form name, source client (000 default), target form name.
Download: SE71, type form name -> Display -> Utilities -> form info -> List -> Save to PC file. Upload: Create form with page, window, page window with the help of downloaded PC file. Text elements for Page windows to be copied from PC file.
92. What are presentation and application servers in SAP?
Presentation server is the server which directly handle the sap user(GUI) it collect the requirement from end users and send it to the data base layer for the response of that, where data base server is the main server which have all the data information and tables, application server is situated b/w both, presentation and database server and it provides interfacing b/w the database & presentation server.
so it is called as sap r/3, but now a new concept is introduced that is netweaver concept, in which a new layer is introduced that is internet layer.
The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the message server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server.
93. In an ABAP/4 program how do you access data that exists on presentation server vs on
abap debug 技巧
1. 静态menu/button设置debug: 用户相关 如今的系统(因为debug是与系统有关的)，屏幕上可以有两种类型的debug mode： 当然，这两个break-point都是用户相关的，也就是说不同的用户是不会相互影响的。 (1)Set/Delete session break-point 前一种：同一个logon session，也就是说，在同一个登录session中，它的状态是保持着的。如下：先设置一个session break-point: 设置break-point： 然后再打开另一个session，同样看该program: 发现该break-point仍然存在。 如果再重新登录，再打开该program： 可以发现，break-point不见了。 (2)Set/Delete External break-point 后一种：不同的logon session，范围大于(包括)前一种。 先设置一个session break-point和external breakpoint：
然后再打开另一个session，同样看该program,发现该两个break-point仍然存在。 如果再重新登录，再打开该program,可以发现，只有external 的break-point存在了。 2. Coding中设置debug:用户无关与用户相关 这里仅记录两个break-point以及break
SAP面试教程(常用整理)
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sap面试问题
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笔试的几个面试技巧
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(2)适度的情绪兴奋性。心理学研究发现，人的悄绪有助于人们提高行为效率.适度的情绪兴奋性会使人的身心处于最佳活动状态，促进个体积极地行动和思维。应聘者在准备综合知识考试的过程中，找大量的资料，获取丰富的信息，适当地保持情绪的兴奋性有利于提高复习效率。 (3)成败得失平常心。也许面前的职业是你梦寐以求的，面前的高薪对你有巨大的吸引力，但毕竟粥少僧多，在应试前。对典败毋失应有一个平常心，对成败看得过重;在应聘考试时就难以有平常心，其实，哭使失败了也并不是一无所获，在参与这个过程中，你可以发现你的欠缺，在今后的应聊考试中可以有针狱性地去准备，此外，参与竞争的同时也锻炼了你的心理承受能力。 内容仅供参考
成功面试的十个求职技巧
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紧要”的缺点，甚至是一些表面上看是缺点，从工作的角度看却是优点的缺点。 技巧三：遇到提问陷阱采用迂回战术 “如果我录用你，你将怎样开展工作”这是一道陷阱题，如果应聘者对于应聘的职位缺乏足够的了解，最好不要直接说出自己开展工作的具体办法，以免引起不良的效果。面试者可以尝试采用迂回战术来回答，如“首先听取领导的指示和要求，然后就有关情况进行了解和熟悉，接下来制定一份近期的工作计划并报领导批准，最后根据计划开展工作。” 技巧四：尽量回避待遇问题 考官问到“你为什么选择我们公司?”时就试图从此题中了解面试者求职的动机、愿望以及对此项工作的态度，面试者最好不要说太多待遇好等，可以说“我十分看好贵公司所在的行业，我认为贵公司十分重视人才，而且这项工作很适合我，相信自己一定能做好。” 技巧五：尽量体现机智、果敢和敬业 “你是应届毕业生，缺乏经验，如何能胜任这项工作?”此题的回答应体现出面试者的诚恳、机智、果敢及敬业。如“作为应届毕业生，在工作经验方面的确会有所欠缺，因此在读书期间我一直利用各种机会在这个行业里做兼职。我也发现，实际工作远比书本知识丰富、复杂。但我有较强的责任心、适应能力和学习能力，而且比较勤奋，所以在兼职中均能圆满完成各项工作，从中获取的经验也令我受益匪浅。请贵公司放心，学校所学及兼职的工作经验使我一定能胜任这个
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大学生求职面试技巧
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三、表现积极的态度 面试时，言辞上的谦虚是应该，但这并不意味着自卑，你要直接告诉面试官你最近取得了哪些成绩，你将来的职业生涯目标以及你所具备的条件。尽量早些告诉他，不要等到他先来问你。作为一名大学生毕业生或一名职业人员，要时刻保持必胜的信心。 四、要落落大方，面带微笑 在求职择业面试中，大方与微笑很重要。要牢记，任何一位面试官都喜欢落落大方的人。 五、专心的倾听 在求职面试时，求职者如果不专心倾听，就会错过一些很重要的东西，你必须表现出浓厚的兴趣，专心的听面试官的讲话，不要被自己的思想情绪分散注意力。 为了提高自己的倾听技巧，把握自己的思想情绪，请记住以下各项： 1、当面试官讲话时，你要直接看着他，使他知道你对他讲的感兴趣，你的眼神会告诉他：我在专心听您的讲话。 2、控制自己的思绪，使它不会超过面试官的讲话速度。通常我们都知道，思维的速度比讲话快五倍。如果他讲话不连贯，一下子找
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BW常见面试问题(含答案)
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4.dso和cube加载数据的频率是怎么样？（考察对数据加载的熟练性） 每天晚上加载 加载量十几万条至几百万条数据不等
5.如何把已开发好的模型和查询传到生产机？（考察如何把工作内容从开发机传到生产机） 通过se10释放，然后通过stms传输。 6.协同开发一个模型的时候可以保存到2个请求号中吗？请说明原因？（考察对模型重复加载的程度） 协同开发时，后开发的，会自动建立一个请求挂在前边那个请求的下边。 7.数据源如果没有在bw端复制数据源会出现怎么样的效果？（考察把r3的数据源结构复制到bw端） 会报错，说需要复制数据源。 8.请说明你做的数据源在r3的表名（考察对r3底表的熟练性）https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1d6825187.html,查看表名。 9.如果是文件上载，如果是几百万条数据，你如何处理？（考察对数据仓库优化的能力） 如果要抽取一个text文件，有百万条甚至千万条数据，应该怎么做。 如果上传的数据量过大，不可能一次上传，否则肯定会死掉。 方法是写程序分批上载。一般每包的数据量1-2万条比较合适。 数据的流转路径：TXT ------- 内表------------- R3 我们删除R3的数据的时候，也不可能一次情况完毕，也还
分析求职面试有哪些技巧
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如果给你5年时间，你想干点什么?你又有什么技能、资格、经验或信心有助于你实现这一目标? 4、面试题回答的观点一定要鲜明。 如果在某个问题上没有鲜明的观点，就不妨谈一谈另外一个你有鲜明观点的类似问题。 5、要留意在你的专业或职业领域、你所从事的具体行业，以及整个行业内新近发生的热点问题。 如果能注意阅读当天早上的报纸就更好了。这样，像累死未来20年内，人们必将发现癌症的治疗方法，那么你认为这会对你所从事的行业、制药业，以及癌症慈善事业，产生什么样的影响?之类的问题至少不会让你一头雾水。 6、注意倾听。 时刻准备捡起一些从面试官嘴里说出来的一些评论、特殊字眼和说法，适时迎合他们，把你听到的这些话送回去，这会令对方感觉非常惬意。 7、警惕令人生厌的因素。 如果发现面试官对你所说的内容已经感到厌烦，那么就不要继续说下去，赢立即停止。 8、不要低估非语言性行为的力量。 适时用眼光与其交流一下，或者用一个真诚的微笑显示你的充满自信。主动伸手，坚定但不用力过度地与人握手，对男女都是一大法宝。口袋里面备一块手帕，手掌出汗了可以偷偷地擦去(尽量不要用面巾纸，容易烂，并会在手上留下纸屑)。 9、始终作出积极、肯定的反应
ABAP试题
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7.语句loop at itab into wa. 的准确意思是. （d ） A）把wa中的值进行循环，每一次循环都写回内表 B）求出迷宫itab的出口放在wa里 C）对内表itab的数值列进行累加放入wa中 D）对内表itab进行循环，把循环中每一行的结果写入结构wa中 8.程序中执行了这么一段代码 DATA it_sflight type sflight with header line. Loop at it_sflight. it_sflight-carrid = 'AA'. Modify it_sflight. Endloop. 该段语法中出现了四次it_sflight，其中后三次分别代表的是内表还是结构. （ b）A）内表内表内表 B）内表结构内表 C）内表结构结构 D）内表内表结构 9.在设计报表程序时，选择的程序类型应该是．（a ） A）可执行程序 B）模块池程序 C）包含程序 D）函数组程序 10.在报表程序的屏幕筛选条件里，SELECT-OPTIONS定义出来的元素是．（a） A）内表 B）结构 C）基本数据对象 D）指针型字段 11.在报表程序的屏幕事件里，有一个事件叫做AT LINE-SELECTION.参见如下代码：WRITE / ‘ABAP’.
ABAP 100 道面试题
ABAP 100 道面试题 text: 1. What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program? HEADER ,BODY,FOOTER. 2. What are field symbols and field groups.? Have you used "component idx of structure" clause with field groups? Field symbols:- Field groups :- 3. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program? STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED "CONVERSION". STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER". STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE i)call transaction(Write the program explicity) ii) create sessions (sessions are created and processed.if success data will transfer). 4. What is a batch input session? BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed,program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
android个人面试简历模板
android个人面试简历模板 陈先生 目前所在：天河区 年龄：26 户口所在：湖南 国籍：中国 婚姻状况：未婚 民族：汉族 身高：170cm 体重：65kg 求职意向 人才类型：普通求职 工作年限：4 职称：高级 求职类型：全职 可到职日期：两个星期 月薪要求：6500～7999元 希望工作地区：广州 工作经历 **公司起止年月：2012-04～至今 公司性质：国有企业
所属行业：通信/电信/网络设备 担任职位：UI设计师 工作描述：负责公司合作项目的软件界面设计、移动端产品界面设计、网站界面设计、公司宣传册设计、名片设计等，每个项目界面设计都是独立一人完成;设计项目有：广东号百黄页网站(包括wap网站)、湖南号百黄页网站、云南号百企业通讯录手机端、关键字营销助手手机端、更纤小助手手机端、翼支付pos手机端、翼支付电视端(IPTV)、翼支付火车票手机端、翼支付添益宝手机端、打车e族手机端等。 离职原因： **公司起止年月：2011-02～2012-04 公司性质：私营企业 担任职位：网页设计 工作描述：在该公司主要工作是设计公司接的医疗网站项目，以及公司自己的医疗网站和推广专题页面设计等，并设计了公司官方网站、公司名片、公司宣传册、户外广告等。 离职原因： **公司起止年月：2010-03～2011-02 公司性质：私营企业 所属行业：计算机/互联网/通信/电子 担任职位：网页设计 工作描述：在该公司主要设计公司官网的广告图片、网站专题页面设计、公司电子杂志设计等，以及网页静态页面代码编写等。 离职原因： 最高学历：大专
获得学位:大专毕业日期：2010-06 专业一：多媒体技术专业二： 起始年月终止年月学校(机构)所学专业获得证书证书编号 2007-092010-07湖南机电职业技术学院多媒体技术多媒体作品 制作员0918001299401600 语言能力 其它外语能力： 国语水平：优秀 工作能力及其他专长 1、精通软件：Photoshop、Dreamweaver、Illustrator、Flash、Axure; 3、精通html语言，精通DIV+CSS布局，熟练使用html5+css3 编写wap网站，对Javascript有一定了解并会使用; 4、对用户体验和交互设计有一定的了解，熟悉产品设计流程， 能快速使用Axure制作产品原型; 姓名：陈先生 性别：男 学历：本科 身高：178CM 籍贯：湖南 出生年月：1989-09-08 目前所在地：未在深圳 毕业院校：湘潭大学 主修专业：电子信息科学=>计算机科学与技术
公务员录用考试面试常见20个问题及解答
公务员录用考试面试常见20个问题及解答 2009-05-19 14：13：06来源：人民网(北京)跟贴 0 条手机看新闻编者按：公务员录用考试面试是进入公务员行列的关键一环，本篇就公务员录用考试面试最常见的20个问题进行了总结归纳，供广大考生参考！ 问：公务员考试面试有哪些特点？与企业面试有哪些不同？ 答：公务员考试面试是一种通过精心设计，以交流和观察为主要手段，来了解考生的综合素质及相关信息为目的的测试方式。在面试过程中，考官可以根据考生当场对所提问题的回答，考察他综合分析问题的能力、求职动机、人际交往能力、应变能力、自我情绪控制能力、计划组织协调能力、语言表达能力以及举止仪表和气质修养。 公务员面试测评与笔试考试共同构成科学、实用的国家公务员录用人才测评体系。 与企业招聘面试相比，公务员面试以其独特的职业背景和能力要求。其独特性集中体现于以下几点： （一）弱专业性 （二）强综合性 （三）含主观性 （四）重规范性 （五）有重复性 （六）有限互动性 （七）具科学性 问：面试要走哪些程序？事先了解下，心里好有个底。 答：面试的具体流程基本分为以下9个步骤： 一、确定为面试对象 公务员面试是在笔试之后进行，笔试合格者才能进入面试。笔试结束后，由人事考试机构统一划定笔试专业科目合格分数线和公共科目最低录用控制分数线，各级组织、人事部门在上线人员中根据各招考职位报考者的笔试成绩，从高分到低分按招考职位考录计划的面试比例确定面试对象。面试成绩满分为100分，合格分为60分。面试资格确定方法为： （一）确定笔试分数线 由人事考试机构按照面试比例，参照调剂因素、资格复核淘汰因
素、体检、政审淘汰因素等，确定一个基本的分数线。[NextPage]（二）成绩排名 上线考生的笔试成绩按照各个职位从高到低的原则排名，总分并列的，比较《行测》和《申论》合计分数，分数高者优先。名次并列情况重复计算。 （三）名单公示 按照规定，进入面试的考生名单和成绩排名情况应在网站上予以公布，接受考生和社会各界的监督，公示时间一般为5天，公示未结束不得举行面试考试，在公示期间如有考生被检举违纪，经查实后该考生将被取消面试资格，由后续考生顺序替补。 二、资格复审 面试前，对进入面试的报考人员须进行资格复核。考生一般会接到电话通知，复核地点在当地公布的指定地点。资格复核需要带齐下列手续：（一）20××年全日制普通高校应届毕业生应提供学校核发的就业推荐表、教育部学生司制发的《全国普通高校毕业生就业协议书》、身份证、原户籍等相关证件（证明）原件及复印件。（二）社会其他人员应提供本人身份证、户口簿、学历、学位证书、单位同意报考证明等相关证件（证明）原件及复印件，按各级组织人事部门规定的时间、地点接受资格审核。 报考者不参加资格审核或提供的证件不全及所提供的证件（证明）与个人网上填报内容不相符者，不得参加面试，因此出现的空缺，在报考该职位的人员中从高分到低分依次替补。面试前3天，取得面试资格的人员如果放弃参加面试，并向报考机关同级组织、人事部门书面确定的，将在报考该职位未进入面试的人员中从高分到低分依次替补。报考公安警察、森林警察的，在资格复审时，同时进行体能测评。 （三）发放通知 经过以上几个环节后，人事考试机构将确定最终正式进入面试的考生名单，考生将得到正式的面试通知书或考试证件，并得到面试的地点、时间和注意事项的通知。 三、面试报到抽签 一般需要提前10—30分钟到达指定地点报到，考试工作人员核对考生身份证件和面试通知书等相关证件。之后，考生抽签确定分组和进场
无经验的求职者要懂的面试技巧
无经验的求职者要懂的面试技巧无经验的求职者要懂的面试技巧 通常情况下，求职者在接到面试通知电话时都会比较紧张，甚至忘记在结束说谢谢这类基本的礼貌用语。这样的语言表达能力上的 小问题是不容乎视的，因为往往是这样的小问题把大学生拒在了公 司大门之外。求职者要清醒的面对求职这件事情，不可轻视亦不可 将其看的过重。求职者在向应聘单位投递求职简历后，就要着手做 好相应的准备工作的，这样才不至于出现期待已久的面试通知一旦 来临，却不知所措的情形。 因为每一个求职者的自身情况及求职单位各不相同，所以每个人为所求岗位而做的准备工作也大不相同。根据绝大部分应届大学毕 业生求职的相关经历，在这里向广大没有经验的求职者谈谈比较常 见又比较有特性的求职准备工作： (一)充足而真实的职业能力实证是敲开企业大门的金砖。 让即将面临毕业的应届生最头疼不是找不到合适的工作，而是找到了喜欢工作却过不了面试。面试考验的不仅是求职者的应变能力、语言表达能力和人格魅力，还有在生活中点滴积累、不断锻炼提高 的为企业创造财富和价值的职业能力。 因此，广大求职者，尤其是高校毕业生，要认清并端正实习的目的与态度。如果将工作比作一本书，实习就好似它的前言部分，一 定要有贯穿始终的中心才能表述整本书的内涵。自己不想从事的工作，不符合自己职业规划方向的工作，就尽量不要盲目地去实习。 实习结束后，绝不可能留下来工作的地方，也不要随波逐流去实习。实习是毕业生求职的一个重要方式。到想从事工作的领域去实习， 在实习时努力工作，主动创新和思考，积极提高自己的职业能力， 争取实习结束后取得的是自己职业能力真实提升的实证，而不是一 张简单的实习结束证明。
SAP FICO顾问面试常见问题及回答
SAP FICO顾问面试常见问题及回答 以下是我个人目前遇到的一些FI/CO问题的小结，希望对大家有所帮助，也可能有回答错误的地方 1、总帐科目主数据的的科目创建过程中，组科目号的作用是什么？ 答：组科目号是为了做合并报表用的，用CX17可以看到所有的组科目号（组科目号的创建和普通科目的创建是一样的操作），在做报表合并的时候它会根据组科目号把挂着这个组科目号的总帐科目都归集到一起，然后通过CXCD事务码进入，转到——总计记录的数据库列表，可以看到归集到组科目号下的费用，同时可以看到是那个公司转过来的金额（补充：CX1X 是编辑合并组层次结构事务码）。 2、总帐科目主数据的的科目创建过程中，控制数据视图中的未清项目管理有何作用？ 答：对于你想随时核对一组记帐的余额是否为零的帐户，你应支持未清项目管理。在帐户的主记录中，应选择字段未清项目管理。 示例： 对于GR/IR暂记待结帐户，你想核对是否已收到采购定单的已收到货物的相应发票。对于该帐户，应在主记录中支持未清项目管理。对于具有未清项目管理的帐户，未清项目总是确保存在。这是因为如果所有的行项目均已被结算，你只能将凭证归档。 注释： 若随后定义总分类帐的未清项目管理，则该输入项只适用于在其后被记帐的项目。在更改日期，帐户必须显示一个零余额。另外，当取消此标记时，余额必须为零。因此，在主记录中进行任何更改之前，应结算保留的未清项目。 3、总帐科目主数据的的科目创建过程中，创建/银行/利息视图中的字段状态组有何作用？ 答：对于许多总分类帐来说，记帐需要相同的字段，你应为一组总分类帐定义字段状态。可将定义存储于字段状态组下。将组代码输入总分类帐的主记录中。字段状态组与公司代码无关，即它们不依赖于公司代码但取决于字段状态变式。在标准系统中，对于字段状态组，每个公司代码存在一个单独的变式。变式的名称与公司代码相同。每个公司代码分配给具有相同名称的变式。如果这些公司代码分配给相同的字段状态变式，你可以以多个具有相同的字段状态组的公司代码进行工作。对于记帐代码，可以单独为每个记帐代码定义字段状态。 字段状态组是为了确定科目类型，同时在定义科目的时候可以通过字段状态组来确定我们在对该科目出凭证的时候出现的视图和那些是必填项目那些是可选项目。
求职面试技巧经验
求职面试技巧经验 这是一篇由网络搜集整理的关于求职面试技巧经验的文档，希望对你能有帮助。 第一：投递简历要有针对性 当求职者要选择公司投递简历时，一定要看清职位要求，职责描述，公司简介，在心中衡量一下和自己的匹配度，如果比较在意这个工作，还可以根据公司招聘广告提供的网站地址进一步了解公司的一些详细情况。在简历前面附上一份求职信，在100-200字以内，简明扼要的阐述你的意愿和对你本人进行简单的介绍。简历一定要突出你应聘工作职位的特点，不要泛泛而谈，要有具体的内容，简历不宜华而不实。 第二：接到面试通知做好准备 当求职者接到公司的电话通知，一定要做好书面记录：公司的名称，地址，电话，联系人以及路线，求职者可以询问公司附近有哪些公交车，这些记录可以方便求职者找到面试的公司，同时方便自己安排时间。面试最好不要迟到，预约好的时间如果有调整求职者要事先打电话说明，这些礼节的注意是十分必要的。没有面试官喜欢迟到而事先没有电话告知原因的求职者，因为面试官通常是安排集中的时间约见候选人的。面试官更加不会欣赏言而无信的求职者，答应来面试却没有出现，也没有电话告知不来的原因，这样的求职者通常不会再有第二次面试机会。 第三：面试时注意的着装礼节 求职者去面试工作，要根据公司的情况选择得体的服装。通常，比较正式
的服装能增强求职者的专业化形象，是比较适合的;但如果一个崇尚自由的广告公司，求职者就可以根据情况穿着较为时尚或者休闲一点的服装，但也不要太夸张，得体合宜的装扮是比较主流的和受欢迎的，奇装异服通常不太适合求职的场合。 第四：面试时注意言行举止 求职者在面试的过程中尽量保持自然的`风格，不要刻意做作，注意聆听和理解面试官的问题，做简炼精要的回答。不要拖沓冗长，不要简单无物，更不要答非所问。本着不卑不亢的态度，诚实的回答问题，不要追求语言词藻的华丽。对于工作经验的介绍要详细和精炼，对于自己的求职意向，职业规划要有贴合实际的设想。不要套用一些求职宝典的回答方法，如果不是发自真诚而是学来的套话，面试官会对求职者的印象大打折扣。对于应聘公司，要尽可能多的了解，这样在回答问题时就是有备而来。
SAP SD 面试知识点精华
货物移动类型分为几大类：收货、发货、转储、库房调整 o1xx- GR from Pur/Prd and return o2xx- GI for Consumption o3xx- 4xx Transfer o5xx- GR W/O ref to Pur/Prd Order o6xx- LE-SHP movement types 101 按采购订单收货 501 无采购订单收货 511 免费收货 MIGO/MB1C 601 销售出库 -----602冲销 643 公司间销售发货------ 644冲销 655 销售退货订单的收货 ------- 656 冲销 633 寄售出库 (总部->分公司) 541 委外加工发货 向客户补收货款-借项凭证（Debit memo ） 向客户退款-贷项凭证（Credit memo ） 销售配置 1.Price procedure/ Schema determination “定义条件表” “定义存取顺序”，link to条件表 “定义条件类型”，link to存取顺序 “定义客户定价组”，在客户主数据中。 “定义单据定价过程”，为订单类型指定单据定价过程 “定义定价过程”，关联条件类型。 “分配定价过程”← Sales area + Doc. Procedure + Cus. procedure “通过项目类别定义定价”，用来确定指定的项目类别是否执行定价过程，这步确定是否取定价 VK11 维护价格
2.Output “定义条件表” “定义存取顺序”，link to条件表 “定义output type”，link to存取顺序; “Mapping output给partner and medium” “分配output过程”： o Head ← Sales order Type o Item ← Sales order Item VV11/VV21/VV31维护OUTPUT 3.科目确定 3.1.收入科目确定 （1）定义物料账户组：OVK5 MM03→sales 2 Tab （2）定义客户账户组：OVK5XD03→ company Tab→account Tab （3）定义条件表：v/14，一般不需定义，特殊需要时定义 （4）定义存储顺序：V/09 （5）定义科目确定类型：V/09 （6）定义科目确定过程：V/11 , Link 科目确定类型 （7）分配科目确定过程：V/11 （8）定义/分配科目代码（帐码）→定价过程 （10）分配总账科目：VKOA 3.2.成本科目确定 T-code：OBYC 账目表+账码（事务）+ 估价修改 + 一般修改+评估级别固定条件可变条件账目表：取自公司代码； 帐码（事务）：GBB 库存记账FRL 委外加工； 估价修改：估价分组代码，相同会计处理的估价范围的组合； 一般修改：事务细分； 评估级别：评估类 4.Credit management 4.1.Define credit control area（可以定义default risk category，更新组Update group 000012）→Assign sales area to credit control area 4.2.定义风险类别（Risk category） 4.3.信贷范围 + 风险类别（FD32） + Credit group （Order Type） 4.4.VKM1冻结的销售订单清单 VKM3 解冻 4.5.FD32/FD33 更改客户信用额度 4.6.矫正程序：S066 S067, RVKRED88/77 5.ATP check 5.1.Check Group：是否ATP check，每件检查还是每天检查 5.2.MATERIAL TYPE 可以分配一个默认的check group 5.3.Schedule line 是否与ATP 相关； requirement class 是否与ATP相关 5.4.物料主数据：MRP3里面，（ Check Group） 5.5.Check Group + Checking Rule→具体check的内容，库存/PR 等等 5.6.T-code：MD04 Stock/ Requirement list 6.需求传输 Item category + MRP Type→ Requirement Type Requirement type ← Requirement class 7.Plant determination 7.1.customer-material info