2004-2014考研英语一试题+答案解析(已经整理好,打印即可)

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I Listening Comprehension Directions:

This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English.You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them.There are three parts in this section,Part A,Part B and Part C.

Remember,while you are doing the test,you should first put down your answers in your test booklet.At the end of the listening comprehension section,you will have5minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET1.

Now look at Part A in your test booklet.

Part A

Directions:

For questions1-5,you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium.While you listen,fill out the table with the information you have heard.Some of the information has been given to you in the table.Write only1word or number in each numbered box.You will hear the recording twice.You now have25seconds to read the table

below.(5points)

Geography of Belgium

Three main regions coastal plain

central plateau

1 Highest altitude of the coastal plain________m

2 Climate near the sea Humid

3 Particularly rainy months of the years April

4

Average temperatures in July in Brussels low13℃

high________℃5

Part B

Directions:

For Questions6-10,you will hear an interview with Mr.Saffo from the Institute for the Future.While you listen,complete the sentences or answer the https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1f899721.html,e not more than3words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice.You now have25seconds to read the sentences and questions below.(5points)

What is Saffo according to himself?

The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and________.

The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is________.

To succeed in anything,one should be flexible,curious and________.

What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team?

6

7

8

9

10

Part C

Directions:

You will hear three pieces of recorded material.Before listening to each one,you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening,answer each question by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D]. After listening,you will have time to check your answers.You will hear each piece once only.(10points)

Questions11-13are based on the following talk about naming

newborns.You now have15seconds to read Questions11-13.

11.What do we often do with the things we love?

[A]Ask for their names.

[B]Name babies after them.

[C]Put down their names.

[D]Choose names for them.

12.The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often

overlooked if________.

[A]the family tree is fairly limited

[B]the family tie is strong enough

[C]the name is commonly used

[D]nobody in the family complains

13.Several months after a baby’s birth,its name will________.

[A]show the beauty of its own

[B]develop more associations

[C]lose the original meaning

[D]help form the baby’s personality

Questions14-16are based on the biography of Bobby Moore,an

English soccer player.You now have15seconds to read Questions 14-16.

14.How many matches did Moore play during his professional

career?

[A]90

[B]108

[C]180

[D]668

15.In1964,Bobby Moore was made________.

[A]England’s footballer of the year

[B]a soccer coach in West Germany

[C]a medalist for his sportsmanship

[D]a number of the Order of the British Empire

16.After Moore retired from playing,the first thing he did was

________.

[A]editing Sunday Sport

[B]working for Capital Radio

[C]managing professional soccer teams

[D]developing a sports marketing company

Questions17-20are based on the following talk on the city of Belfast.You now have20seconds to read Questions17-20.

17.Belfast has long been famous for its________.

[A]oil refinery

[B]linen textiles

[C]food products

[D]deepwater port

18.Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?

[A]Soap

[B]Grain

[C]Steel

[D]Tobacco

19.When was Belfast founded?

[A]In1177

[B]In1315

[C]In the16th century

[D]In the17th century

20.What happened in Belfast in the late18th century?

[A]French refugees arrived.

[B]The harbor was destroyed.

[C]Shipbuilding began to flourish.

[D]The city was taken by the English.

You now have5minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET1.

Section II Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1. (10points)

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.Theories大21家on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 大22家they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through大23家with others.Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in大24家to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,大25家as a rejection of middle-class

values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,大26家the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.The latter may commit crimes 大27家lack of adequate parental control.All theories,however, are tentative and are大28家to criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectly大29家juvenile crime rates.For example,changes in the economy that大30家to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 大31家make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in大32家lead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also大33家changes these years.More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;大34家, children are likely to have less supervision at home大35家was common in the traditional family大36家.This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other大37家causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school,the increased大38家of drugs and alcohol,and the growing大39家of child abuse and child neglect.All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a

criminal act,大40家a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

21.[A]acting[B]relying[C]centering[D]commenting

22.[A]before[B]unless[C]until[D]because

23.[A]interaction[B]assimilation[C]cooperation[D]

consultation

24.[A]return[B]reply[C]reference[D]response

25.[A]or[B]but rather[C]but[D]or else

26.[A]considering[B]ignoring[C]highlighting[D]

discarding

27.[A]on[B]in[C]for[D]with

28.[A]immune[B]resistant[C]sensitive[D]

subject

29.[A]affect[B]reduce[C]check[D]reflect

30.[A]point[B]lead[C]come[D]amount

31.[A]in general[B]on average[C]by contrast[D]at

length

32.[A]case[B]short[C]turn[D]essence

33.[A]survived[B]noticed[C]undertaken[D]

experienced

34.[A]contrarily[B]consequently[C]similarly[D]

simultaneously

35.[A]than[B]that[C]which[D]as

36.[A]system[B]structure[C]concept[D]

heritage

37.[A]assessable[B]identifiable[C]negligible[D]

incredible

38.[A]expense[B]restriction[C]allocation[D]availability

39.[A]incidence[B]awareness[C]exposure[D]popularity

40.[A]provide[B]since[C]although[D]

supposing

Section III Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Hunting for a job late last year,lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder,a job database on the Internet.He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s“personal search agent.”It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location,title,and salary,then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.Redmon chose the keywords legal,intellectual property,and Washington,D.C.Three weeks later,he got his first notification of an opening.“I struck gold,”says Redmon,who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.

With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet,finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient.Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases.But although a search agent worked for Redmon,career experts see drawbacks.Narrowing your criteria,for example,may work against you:“Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.”

says one expert.

For any job search,you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do--then broaden it.“None of these programs do that,”says another expert.“There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.”Instead,the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database;when you get E-mail,consider it a reminder to check the database again.“I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,”says the author of a job-searching guide.

Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service,for example,it includes only three potential jobs--those it considers the best matches.There may be more matches in the database;job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them--and they do.“On the day after we send our messages,we see a sharp increase in our traffic,”says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.

Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile.Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm

themselves when negotiating for a raise.Although happily employed,Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder.“You always keep your eyes open,”he says.Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.

41.How did Redmon find his job?

[A]By searching openings in a job database.

[B]By posting a matching position in a database.

[C]By using a special service of a database.

[D]By E-mailing his resume to a database.

42.Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?

[A]Lack of counseling.

[B]Limited number of visits.

[C]Lower efficiency.

[D]Fewer successful matches.

43.The expression“tip service”(Line4,Paragraph3)most

probably means________.

[A]advisory

[B]compensation

[C]interaction

[D]reminder

44.Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three

job options?

[A]To focus on better job matches.

[B]To attract more returning visits.

[C]To reserve space for more messages.

[D]To increase the rate of success.

45.Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A]Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.

[B]Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their

demands.

[C]Personal search agents are also helpful to those already

employed.

[D]Some agents stop sending information to people once they

are employed.

Text2

Over the past century,all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal.But one insidious form continues to thrive:alphabetism.This,for those as yet unaware of

such a disadvantage,refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo?Zysman.English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet.Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.

Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively;and26of George Bush’s predecessors(including his father)had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just16in the second half.Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7rich countries are alphabetically advantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,Chrétien and Koizumi).The world’s three top central bankers(Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami)are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters.As are the world’s five richest men(Gates,Buffett,Allen,Ellison and Albrecht).

Can this merely be coincidence?One theory,dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,is that the

rot sets in early.At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front,to make it easier to remember their names.So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row,and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers.At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape.Yet the result may be worse qualifications,because they get less individual attention,as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.

The humiliation continues.At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first;by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ.Shortlists for job interviews,election ballot papers,lists of conference speakers and attendees:all tend to be drawn up alphabetically,and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

46.What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and

Zodiac cars?

[A]A kind of overlooked inequality.

[B]A type of conspicuous bias.

[C]A type of personal prejudice.

[D]A kind of brand discrimination.

47.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?

[A]In both East and West,names are essential to success.

[B]The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo?Zysman.

[C]Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’

names.

[D]Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.

48.The4th paragraph suggests that________.

[A]questions are often put to the more intelligent students

[B]alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from

class

[C]teachers should pay attention to all of their students

[D]students should be seated according to their eyesight

49.What does the author mean by“most people are literally

having a ZZZ”(Lines2-3,Paragraph5)?

[A]They are getting impatient.

[B]They are noisily dozing off.

[C]They are feeling humiliated.

[D]They are busy with word puzzles.

50.Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A]People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often

ill-treated.

[B]VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from

alphabetism.

[C]The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way

to go.

[D]Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.

Text3

When it comes to the slowing economy,Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet.But the47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting,filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to,either.Most of her clients spend$12to$50weekly,but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up.Spero blames the softening economy.“I’m a good economic indicator,”she says.“I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.”So Spero is downscaling,shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus.“I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me,too.”she says.

Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling,lots of working folks had already seen

signs of the slowdown themselves.From car dealerships to Gap outlets,sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending.For retailers,who last year took in24percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas,the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time.Already,experts say,holiday sales are off7percent from last year’s pace.But don’t sound any alarms just yet.Consumers seem only mildly concerned,not panicked,and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects,even as they do some modest belt-tightening.

Consumers say they’re not in despair because,despite the dreadful headlines,their own fortunes still feel pretty good.Home prices are holding steady in most regions.In Manhattan,“there’s a new gold rush happening in the$4million to$10million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,”says broker Barbara Corcoran.In San Francisco,prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets.“Instead of20to30offers,now maybe you only get two or three,”says John Tealdi,a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.

Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown.Potential home

buyers would cheer for lower interest rates.Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market.Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings,which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.Diners might see an upside,too.Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible.Not anymore.For that,Greenspan&Co.may still be worth toasting.

51.By“Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet”(Lines1-2,

Paragraph1),the author means________.

[A]Spero can hardly maintain her business

[B]Spero is too much engaged in her work

[C]Spero has grown out of her bad habit

[D]Spero is not in a desperate situation

52.How do the public feel about the current economic situation?

[A]Optimistic.

[B]Confused.

[C]Carefree.

[D]Panicked.

53.When mentioning“the$4million to$10million range”(Lines

考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994

Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding —the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. "All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children — the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children — disabled or not — to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 59. In paragrah 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ________. [A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society [B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are [C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society [D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children 60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ________. [A] they are expected to be leaders of the society [B] they might become a burden of the society [C] they should fully develop their potentials [D] disabled children deserve special consideration 61. This passage mainly deals with ________. [A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities [B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society [C] the special educational programs for exceptional children [D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children 62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ________. [A] is now enjoying legal support [B] disagrees with the tradition of the country [C] was clearly stated by the country's founders [D] will exert great influence over court decisions 重点词汇： denote （v.表示）即de+note，de-向下，note 记录，“记录下来”→表示。Wisdom denotes the pursuing of the best and by the best means.“明智”指的是以最好的方法追求最好的结果。 难句解析： ①Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. ▲第一个短句结构很简单，第二句中For these children to develop to their full adult potential是一个表示目的的状语，也可以看成是一个从主句their education must be adapted to those differences后面提前了的介词结构。 △第一个短句中exceptional一词我们从文章后面的叙述中可以知道它不是我们一般理解的“杰出的，出类拔萃的”，而应指“反常的，有缺陷的”，其实此处的exceptional是一种“身有残疾”的委婉表达法；significant应理解为“重要的，关键的”，而第二句的develop to their full adult potential的develop是一个不及物动词，意为“发展，养成”，而potential是一个名词，意为“潜能”；be adapted to的意思是“被调整，适应”。 ②While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. ▲此句由一个while引导的让步状语从句the leading actor on the stage captures our attention和一个主句构成。 △要理解本句，重点是看到它是一个类比，把残疾儿童比喻为舞台上的主要角色，而他们的家庭和社会环境被比喻为配角和戏剧的布景。在考研的阅读理解中，当我们碰到作者使用各种比喻和类比时，最重要的一点就是要弄清其用比喻来说明的对象。 ③And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding — the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.

2020年考研英语一阅读解析

2020年考研英语一阅读解析 2020年考研英语一阅读解析 1)理解主旨要义； 2)理解文中的具体信息； 3)理解文中的概念性含义； 4)实行相关的判断、推理和引申； 5)根据上下文推测生词的词义； 6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系； 7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度； 8)区分论点和论据。 万变不离其宗，在此再次提醒考生如何有重点地实行下一步复习：真题再现，反复精练，摸清思路，再次提升 真题是最应该重视的，近十年的考研英语阅读真题对于备考来说 是非常有价值的，出题形式稳定，掌握出题规律，也是最真的模拟。 各位考生在私下备考时，应侧重从宏观上掌握此题命题走向，微观了 解此题细分题型及应对技巧。其中，考研英语的阅读在整张试卷中所 占的比重，除40分值的传统阅读理解题型，还有10分的新题型，即 七选五、补全段落之类题目，使得考生又对其不得不更加重视。同时，翻译和完形填空题型的解答与阅读水平的高低也有着直接的联系，读 懂是首要，才能更好地实行下一步，翻译或完成句子。所以，提升阅 读水平，在考研英语中绝对不容忽视。 同时，在专项练习中，根据自己实际情况，强项稳住，弱项增强 练习，对于真题中涉及到的每一篇文章，每一道题目，每一个选项， 都要从精读的角度，真正理解和掌握文章的词、句，将答案中的关键

点与文章中、题干中的关键词结合起来，仔细分析，找出其中的联系，学会定位原文，这就是熟悉作者的出题思路和掌握自己的做题思路。 错不怕，重分析，做总结，心态调整好 做题的过程中，难免有些同学偶尔发现自己的错题过多，不要焦 躁与灰心，错题分析的过程中就是总结提升的过程。只要发现问题实 行总结，相信到最后好的结果一定等着我们。考题的难度就是历年真 题的难度，但是只要反复练习，整理思路，持续提升，在自己的水平 范围内拿到更高的分数，就是成功。

考研英语阅读真题及详细解析教程文件

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最全考研英语一真题阅读答案+经典解析.doc

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