summary学术英语3

The summary of text9

The global warming has been a severs global issue for mang years while it cause so mang negative effects, such as climate changing, the vegetable, the economy, the animals and nature. The leading cause of global warming is the ongoing releasing carbon dioxide which have a large impact in the atmosphere and the methane from mang other places. Even is this case, the people without motivation still pay not enough attention to the global warming and don’t listen the advise from the scientists. Last the conclusion is that the world especially America needs to take action now, otherwise it will be too late to do much about it.

研究生综合英语上册Unit1 summary

Traits Of The Key Players Kao Yingchao 2014020603 考颖超2014020603 General Statement A “key player” who has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise is essential to the organization.The companies hire a “key player”from the competitor’s companies who has more experienced or just a newbie who has 4 traits—the selfless cooperator, a sense of urgency, risk tolerance,risk tolerance and strength in interpersonal relationship. Main Points Part 1:para1~para3 What a key player is and how the companies hire a key player. Part 2:para4~para5 What the difference between academia and industry,there is more collaborative and more teamwork in the industry.And how to make yourself look like a selfless collaborator. Part 3:para6~para7 A sense of urgency is important for the company.If the team want to win,that means you not only need the people who can think fast and

学术英语写作总结

专业英语写作考点总结 part ? academic english writing （专业英语写作）chapter 1 six considerations in academic writing 1、academic writing is a product of many consideration : audience, purpose, organization, style, flow and presentation. （学术写作六要素：写作对象，目的，组织结构，文体特征，表达连贯和宣讲或宣读）。 2、organization usually has the following four parts : 问题-解决方法包括四个部 分 (1) description of a situation （描述情况） (2) identification of a problem （甄别问题） (3) description of a solution （描述解决方法） (4) evaluation of the solution （评估解决方法） 3、formal grammar style：（正规的语法风格） (1) generally avoid contractions （一般来讲避免使用略缩词） 例：won’t改为will not (2) use the more appropriate formal negative forms （使用更为适宜的正规的否定 形式） 例：not...any改为nonot...much改为little not...many改为few (3) limit the use of “run-on” expressions, such as and so forth and etc. （限 制使用多个词连用的表达法） 例：句子内不能出现and so forth和etc.出现时应将省略的部分扩展出来。 (4) avoid addressing the reader as you(except, of course, if you are writing a textbook or other instructional materials).（避免向读者说“你”）例：you can see the results in table 1. 改为：the results can be seen in table 1. 改为： it is necessary to consider how costs may be lowered. 或者 we now need to consider how costs may be lowered. (6) place adverb within the verb. （将副词放于动词词组内）例：this model was developed by krugman originally. 改为：this model was originally developed by krugman. (7) consider whether you should split infinitives.（考虑是否该使用割裂不定式）例：we need to adequately meet the needs of those enrolled in the program. (8) aim for an efficient use of words. （目的是为了有效地使用词汇）例：there are some inorganic materials that can be used by bioengineers in the process of tissue engineering that have been shown to be very promising. 改为：some inorganic materials used in tissue engineering have shown great promise. 习题： （1）you can use this model to analyze the effects of several parameter changes. 错误：使用了you。 改为：this model can be used to analyze the effects of several parameter changes. （2）ok, what are the reasons that coffee prices have fallen? there’re a lot of possibilities. 错误：使用了口语ok；直接引语的使用；使用了缩略词there’re。

研究生英语上Summary

Unit1 How to read a book “Some books are to be tasted ,others to be swallowed, and some to be chewed and digested.” Francis Bacon warned readers several hundred years ago. However, what are the criteria for those books to be “chewed and digested?” How to tell good literature form bad literature? On these issues, people don’t seem to have reached an agreement. In the article, Joseph Brodsky first states that people’s life is generally much shorter than books, and that it is important for people to select good books to read. Yet, the author further argues that selecting good books from the ocean of literary works is no easy job; even book reviewers can’t help much. In the end, the author suggests that reading poetry is the way to develop good taste in literature, because it is the supreme form of human locution, the moist concise way of conveying the human experience, and offers the highest possible standards for any linguistic operation. Unit2 Recession-proofing Your Career In the text, Dr. Barbara Moses describes a new career development paradigm for today’s employees, that is, guaranteed jobs have already become history and it’s high time to engage in a lifelong, self-monitored process which can help to promote and prepare oneself fro a change, esp. during periods of recession. She then suggests some skills which are

【良心出品】Summary的写作技巧和常见句型

Summary的写作技巧和常见句型 一、概括原文 （一）阅读 1.读懂文章 读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2.拆分文章 按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。尽量简短，精炼。 段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。 3.概括主旨 写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。 （二）基本结构和技巧 1.重新拟定标题 给summary起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。 2.阐述观点 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是the author…….）。接着写出要阐述的main ideas（主要观点）和supporting points（对主要观点的支持）。 3.词汇运用 注意概述的coherence（连贯性），运用好transition words（过渡词）, like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc. 4.删除细节 只保留主要观点。 5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子 原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 6.把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.” 7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：

研究生4篇summary

中国地质大学 研究生课程论文封面 课程名称研究生英语 教师姓名何霜 研究生姓名刘改宁 研究生学号1201510871 研究生专业数学 所在院系数理学院 类别: A.博士 B.硕士 C.进修生 日期: 2016 年4月15 日

Summary 1.The summary of “From Competence to Commitment”. In thisarticle,“From Competence to Commitment”,Ernest Boyer argues that itis not enough to merely teach undergraduates the specialized skills needed to do a particular job. R ather, students need “a large vision.” He argues that they need to become familiar with issues far beyond the simple concerns of a narrow academic field, and gain an appreciation of the values and philosophy of their own culture as well as the issues shaping nations far from the university campus. In addition to learning specialized facts and skills, students should examine larger issues of right and wrong, so that each student may develop the intellectual sophistication required to make wise decision for themselves and their society. Therefore Ernest Boyerstates that the undergraduate education should move the student from competence to commitment. At first, the author reveals a common phenomenon that many college students are confused about where to put their belief. In order to work out this problem, undergraduate education should reflect in loyalties that rise above self. Next, college graduates should fulfill civic obligations. The imperative measures should be taken to narrow the gap between public policy and public understanding in American teaching today. The complicated public liferequires more participation of citizens,

一篇英语summary范文英语Summary写

一篇英语summary范文英语Summary写第一步：阅读 A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B.给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。 C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步：动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。

B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧： 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例： “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”

《学术英语》人文-译文

学术英语 翻译:黄邵，查文婷，肖峰，易志洪,赵维,许小勇,成夏炎孔凡超,李满,王志敏,刘玲君,肖聪,王雨溪,刘伟,刘淑娟统筹整理:黄邵 数计院2016级全体博士生版权所有 2016年12月

目录 UNIT1Text A文学的范围和内容 (1) UNIT1Text B (4) UNIT3Text A (7) UNIT3Text B (10) UNIT5Text A (11) UNIT5Text B (14) UNIT8Text A (17) UNIT8Text B (20) UNIT10Text A (24) UNIT10Text B (27)

UNIT1Text A文学的范围和内容 文学的范围 1文学是人类表达的一种形式。但是并不是所有的用文字组织写下来的都算作文学。那些主要提供信息的比如技术性的、教育性的、新闻业的写作虽然没有被所有的评论家但是被大部分评论家排除在文学的范畴之外。然而，某些形式的普遍被认为作为一种艺术而属于文学。如果本身就拥有艺术价值的话这些形式的个人划分就是成功的否则就是失败的。相比于识别艺术价值本质它的定义更难。作者甚至不需要追求它来实现它。相反的，一个科学博览会可能有很大的文学价值而一首一般的打油诗却一点文学价值都没有。 2纯的文学形式是抒情诗、是伤感的、壮丽的、喜剧的、叙事的、说明的韵文。大多数文学批判理论都是基于对诗歌的分析，因为文学的美学问题都是以最简单最纯粹的形式呈现。作为文学失败的诗歌不能叫做诗歌只能叫做句子。许多小说--当然所有世界上伟大的小说--都是文学，但是有成千上万的小说并不认为是文学。大部分伟大的戏剧被认为是文学。 3希腊人把历史看成七种艺术之一，灵感来自于女神及缪斯Clio。所有的世界历史经典调查都可以作为文学艺术的高尚例子，但是大部分现今的历史作品和研究在写作的时候并没有考虑文学上的突出，尽管偶然有文学上的优点。 4散文曾有意写为文学作品；主题退居其次。如今的散文多为论述性的，信息性的文章新闻，尽管如此还是有很多的散文作家传统地把自己看作艺术家。现在，如过去一样，一些最伟大得散文家也是文学、戏剧和艺术得批判家。 5一些个人文件（自传，日记，备忘录，书信）跻身于世界上最伟大得文学作品之列。例如，这些传记文学的一些例子是为后人而写的，没有考虑到作者之外的人阅读。一些有高度修饰的文学风格；其他的因为它们的说明力、见解、深度和广度而赢得作为文学作品的一席之地。 6许多哲学作品被归类为文学。柏拉图的《对话录》（公元前4世纪）是用伟大的叙事技巧和精致的散文写的。第2世纪罗马皇帝Marcus Aurelius的《沉思录》是一部随想集，在其中写的希腊语是奇怪的。但是两者都被归为文学，而古代和现代其他一些哲学家的沉思就没有

英文Summary写作方法、范例及常用句式

摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。 第一步：阅读 A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步：动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。 B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 1 / 19

E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧： 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例： “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 2 / 19

学术英语写作总结分析解析

学术英语写作总结分析解析

专业英语写作考点总结 Part ?Academic English Writing （专业英语写作）Chapter 1 Six Considerations in Academic Writing 1、Academic writing is a product of many consideration : audience, purpose and strategy ,organization, style, flow and presentation. （学术写作六要素：写作对象，目的，组织结构，文体特征，表达连贯和宣讲 或宣读）。 2、Organization usually has the following four parts : 问题-解决方法包括四个部分 (1)description of a situation （描述情况） (2)Identification of a problem （甄别问题） (3)Description of a solution （描述解决方法） (4)Evaluation of the solution （评估解决方法） 3、Formal Grammar Style：（正规的语法风格） (1) Generally avoid contractions （一般来讲避免使用略缩词） 例：won’t改为will not (2)Use the more appropriate formal negative forms （使用更为适宜的正规的否定 形式） 例：not...any改为no not...much改为little not...many改为few (3)Limit the use of “run-on” expressions, such as and so forth and etc. （限制使用 多个词连用的表达法） 例：句子内不能出现and so forth和etc.出现时应将省略的部分扩展出来。(4)Avoid addressing the reader as you(except, of course, if you are writing a textbook or other instructional materials).（避免向读者说“你”） 例：You can see the results in Table 1. 改为：The results can be seen in Table 1. (5)Be careful about using direct questions. In some fields they are common, while in others they are not.（使用直接引语时需谨慎） 例：What can be done to lower costs? 改为：It is necessary to consider how costs may be lowered.

河海大学研究生英语unit 14 summary

Unit 14 Summary In the text the author makes clear that mistakes are at very base of human thought.If things go wrong, it must be a personal, human error.The computer is an extension of the human brain.But real thinking is not the responsibility of the computer.So to err is human.Making mistakes is not the important error,what is needed is to learn from our mistakes and make progress.Other creatures do not seem to have DNA sequences for making mistakes.In fact,making mistakes is a unique human gift that distinguishes humans from other low-grade animals and encourages us to actively explore and create. The author advocates that computers should have ideas and do their own things.If computers were not interfered with by human thought, an ordinary computer would be able to work out the conclusion we had spent our entire life.We will reap huge gains from almost infinite precision machine calculations.The future of mankind and computers may be promising. 171319030007 张丹丹

学术英语写作总结分析解析

专业英语写作考点总结 Part ?Academic English Writing （专业英语写作）Chapter 1 Six Considerations in Academic Writing 1、Academic writing is a product of many consideration : audience, purpose and strategy ,organization, style, flow and presentation. （学术写作六要素：写作对象，目的，组织结构，文体特征，表达连贯和宣讲或宣读）。 2、Organization usually has the following four parts : 问题-解决方法包括四个部分 (1)description of a situation （描述情况） (2)Identification of a problem （甄别问题） (3)Description of a solution （描述解决方法） (4)Evaluation of the solution （评估解决方法） 3、Formal Grammar Style：（正规的语法风格） (1) Generally avoid contractions （一般来讲避免使用略缩词） 例：won’t改为will not (2)Use the more appropriate formal negative forms （使用更为适宜的正规的否定 形式） 例：not...any改为no not...much改为little not...many改为few (3)Limit the use of “run-on” expressions, such as and so forth and etc. （限制使用 多个词连用的表达法） 例：句子内不能出现and so forth和etc.出现时应将省略的部分扩展出来。(4)Avoid addressing the reader as you(except, of course, if you are writing a textbook or other instructional materials).（避免向读者说“你”） 例：You can see the results in Table 1. 改为：The results can be seen in Table 1. (5)Be careful about using direct questions. In some fields they are common, while in others they are not.（使用直接引语时需谨慎） 例：What can be done to lower costs? 改为：It is necessary to consider how costs may be lowered. 或者We now need to consider how costs may be lowered. (6)Place adverb within the verb. （将副词放于动词词组内） 例：This model was developed by Krugman originally. 改为：This model was originally developed by Krugman.

安徽大学 研究生英语 课文summary and comment

上册 Summary of Unit2(Recession-proofing your career) in the text,the author firstly tries to tell us that guaranteed jobs have already become history.These days,no matter what our official employment status,we are all temporary workers. But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from change and economic upheaval,by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively.She then suggests some skills.She recommends discovering both your overt and covert talents,making sure that a wide range of positions are available to you,and never committing to any“hot job”which exceeds either your interest or talent.Moreover,you should cultivate and maintain an active network both inside and outside of your profession,to“market”yourself,to convince the employer that you are the most suitable candidate for the job.Finally,always follow work trends. I am bound to face the work dilemma in the future sooner or later.I quite agree with the author’s opinion.There is no reason for us to stop learning when we are working.The author’s suggestions will help me much in the foreseeable future. 翻译： 在文中，作者首先试图告诉我们，保证工作已经成为历史，如今，不管我们在职场从事的是什么工作，我们都只是临时工。但是你可以学习一些技能来更有效地规划自己的事业，使自己免受变化和经济震荡的影响。她提出一些技能。她建议，发现你的显性和隐性的人才，确保广泛的职位提供给你，决不承诺任何“热门工作”而超过你的兴趣或才能。你应该在自己的行业内外建立和维持一个活跃的人际网络，来“推销”自己，说服雇主，你是最合适的求职者。最后，总是遵循工作趋势。 我迟早要面对这个工作的窘境。我完全同意作者的观点。当我们工作的时候，我们没有理由停止学习。作者的建议将在可预见的将来，我有很多的帮助。 Summary of Unit3(Lies) People usually have very negative views regarding lies.Liars are frequently criticized,even cursed.Yet this passage exemplifies a different perspective,one which cruelly reveals the fact that everyone tells lies.We can not live without lying and the lies direct out thoughts and the truth.We need our lies to mask our fear and anxiety about life and death----about the many things we do not understand and control.Lies make us feel superior to other species.Religions abound with myths and tales,which are basically lies that provide human beings with a sense of safety.People need big lies,because lying disguises our mortality,our inadequacies,our fears and anxieties,our loneliness in the midst of the crowd. I just agree the author’s views in a certain degree.People say some white lies,but it is moral problems if a person always tells lies.No one would like a man who never speaks the truth.Lies can not make our life,also can not let the world better.Which can make the world better only the more beautiful heart. 翻译： 人们通常对谎言有很消极的看法。骗子经常被批评，甚至被诅咒。然而，这篇文章是一

学术英语第二单元summary

Marketing is: a) discovering and giving consumers what they want and need, and b) doing this at a profit. Marketing revolves around the wants, needs and desires of people. Effective marketing should begin with an insightful understanding of the consumer. Product is anything that can be offered for sale or use to another individual. The product P covers everything that goes into the development of the tangible or intangible object. Price not only pays for your cost of goods and profit, it does much more, such as communicating about the product,setting quality expectations, segmenting the audience, and even conveying how a consumer should consume the product. Place refers to where and how you sell your product and is also referred to as distribute .Place can set quality and price expectations. Any way you choose to promote your product is called promotion in marketing This includes any from of marketing communication such as advertising, public relations, sales promotion, event marketing, as well as any personal one-on-one selling you do.