Proof-reading exercise for Grade 08

Proof-reading:

(I) The old-age paternalism of southern Canadians over Eskimos

has died more slowly in the rural villages where Eskimos have

been more reluctant to voice their opinions aggressively. This has

been a frustration in government officials trying to develop local (1) ____________ leadership among the Eskimos, however a blessing to other de- (2) ____________ partments whose plans have been received without local obstruc- (3) ____________

tion. In rural areas the obligations of kinship often ran counter (4)_____________

the best interests of the village and potential leaders were re-

strained from making positive contributions to the village coun-

cil. More recently, therefore, the educated Eskimos have been (5)______________ voicing over the interests of those in the rural areas. They are (6)______________

trying out to persuade the government to recognize the rights of (7)______________

full-time hunters, by protecting their territories from mining and

oil prospectors, for example. The efforts of this active minority

is percolating through to the remoter villages whose inhabitants (8)______________

are becoming increasingly vocal.

Continuing change is inevitable but future development poli-

cy must recognize that most Eskimos retain much of its tradition- (9)______________

al outlook on life. New schemes should focus on resources that

the Eskimos are used to handling, rather than enterprises such as (10)_____________ mining.

(II) In a competitive and fast-paced modern society, busy business

executives are so engrossing in their work that they hardly know (1)______________ what the word “leisure” means. The higher an executive’s posi-

tion is on the business ladder, the more hours he spends on his

work. With a view to gaining greater corporate standing or a big (2)_______________ pay rise, he, as a rule, far exceeds

over the 40-hour working week. The additional stress and tension (3)________________ as well as the shortage of suitable rest and recreation very often (4)________________ have a disastrous effect on his health. Few such executives rea-

lize that unless they learn how to relax, they will soon run of (5)________________ steam before they get to the top of the executive ladder. A not-

ed American authority on leisure has said that “The key to relax-

ation to busy executives is to avoid the types of activities that are (6)________________ part and parcel of their daily work and to devote themselves to-

tally to have recreational pursuits for at least a part of each day, (7)_________________ even it is only for half an hour. Those (8)_________________ jobs require a great deal of contact with others can engage in ac- (9)__________________ tivities that are quiet and peaceful – far from the madding

crowd, far from client and business associates.”(10)_________________

1

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研究生英语精读教程（第三版上） Unit 4 B. great regret C. great despair D. great disappointment 2. I have nothing but disdain for such a person. A. respect 3. The grass was interspersed with beds of flowers. A. scattered 4. I am sure disease must propagate in such unsanitary and crowded areas. D. generate 5. There was a meager attendance at the council meeting. B. enough C. ample D. haughty A. negotiation B. punishment 7. We can't rule out the possibility that he will come after all. B. refuse C. accept D. take C. tied to D. shut on 9. We three were the sole survivors in the traffic accident. A. lucky B. fortunate C. blessed 10. I slept through her dull speech. D. imaginative A. letters B. dealings C. writings A. pieces B. slips D. portions 13. The old lady ______ the sweet-smelling flowers into a garland. A. tied C. curved D. twisted B. prudent C. shrewd D. rude A. area B. place C. district A. firing B. lighting D. glowing 17. Sports, and not learning, seem to ______ in that school. A. appear B. occupy 18. Each chess player will have five minutes to ______ his next move. A. hoped C. wished D. wished to B. A word C. Words D. The word Unit 5 1. His beautiful writing is akin to drawing. A. as B. from C. above 2. His knowledge on the subject seems to be on a par with my own. A. different from

研究生英语精读教程翻译 上 课后习题及其答案。。

一、你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人 如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活 [1]你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗？你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。 [2]迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。” [3] “你的能力固然重要,”匹兹堡卡内基–梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。 [4]以你的工作为例。宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都会人寿保险公司的推销员进行了调查。他们发现，在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。在新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。 [5]公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化行业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出一般的推销员10%。 [6]他们是如何做到的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气，抱怨电话线路，甚至怪罪别人。他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。[7]克雷格·安德森让一组学生给陌生人打电话，请他们为红十字会献血。当他们的第一、二个电话未能得到对方同意时，悲观者说：“我干不了这事。乐观主义者则对自己说：“我需要试试另一种方法。” [8]无论是消极还是积极，都是一种本身会成为事实的预言。安德森说：如果人们感到没有希望，他们就不会费事去获得成功所需的技能。” [9]据安德森看来，有无控制感是成功的试金石。乐观者能够掌握自己的命运。如果事情不顺利，他立刻做出反应，寻找解决办法，制定新的行动计划，并且主动寻求指点。悲观者则感到自己只能由命运摆布，行动拖拉。既然认为毫无办法，他便不去寻求指点。 [10]乐观主义者也许认为自己比事实能够证明的要强——有时正是这一点使他们充满生机。匹兹堡肿瘤研究所的桑德拉·利维博士对患晚期乳腺癌的妇女进行了研究。对那些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说，两次发病间隔的时间比较长，而这是生存下去的最好预兆。在一次对早期乳腺癌妇女的初步研究中，利维博士发现这一疾病在悲观病人身上复发更早。 [11]乐观态度不会使不治之症痊愈，却有可能预防疾病。在一项长期研究中，研究人员跟踪观察了一组哈佛大学毕业生的健康史。所有这些人都是班上的学生，并且健康状况良好。他们之中有的是积极思考者，有的是消极思考者。20年后，悲观者中患有中年常见病——高血压、糖尿病、心脏病——的人数要比乐观者多。 [12]许多研究显示，悲观者的无助感会损害人体的自然防御体系，即免疫系统。密执安大学的克里斯托弗·彼德森博士发现悲观主义者不能很好地照顾自己。他消极被动，无法避开生活中的打击，无论做什么都会担心身体不好或其他灾难将临。他大嚼不利于健康的垃圾食品，逃避体育锻炼，不听医生的劝告，还总是要再贪一杯。 [13]在多数人身上，乐观主义和悲观主义兼而有之，但总是更倾向于其中之一。塞利格曼说，这是一种早在“母亲膝下”就开始形成的思维模式，来自千万次警告或鼓励，消极的或积极的话语。过多的“不许”及危险警告会使一个孩子感到无能、恐惧以及悲观。 [14]随着年龄的增长，儿童能体会到许多小小的成就感，如学会系鞋带等。家长可以促使这类成功转变为控制感，从而培养出乐观主义。 [15]悲观是一种很难克服的习惯，但并非不能克服。在一系列具有重大突破的研究中，伊利诺伊大学的卡罗尔·德韦克博士对小学低年级儿童做了一些工作。她帮助那些屡屡出错的学生改变对失败原因的解释——从“我准是很笨”变成“我学习还不够努力”——因此他们的学习成绩提高了。 [16]匹兹堡的利维博士想知道把病人变成乐观主义者是否会延长他们的生命。在一次试验性研究中，两组结肠癌病人受到同样方式的治疗，但其中一些人还得到了鼓励乐观态度的心理帮助。试验结果表明这一做法有一定的效果。现在已在计划实施一项重大研究，以确定这一心理变化是否会改变病情的发展。 [17]因此，如果你是个悲观主义者，你完全有理由乐观起来。你能改变自己。以下就是范德比尔特大学的心理学家史蒂夫·霍朗指出的方法： [18]一、当坏事发生时，仔细留意自己的想法，把你最初的想法原原本本地记下来，一字不改。

研究生英语精读教程-翻译

UNIT 1 1. 你对他说的话不能为你这种行为辩护。(justify) 1) What you said to him can hardly justify such conduct of yours. 2. 你认为他会因为同主教的私人关系而免受宗教迫害吗? (immune from) 1) Do you think he would be immune from religious persecution by reason of his personal relation with the Bishop? 3. 你对心理医生的忠告采取什么态度会影响到你是否会再做恶梦。(recur) 1) Your attitude towards the advice of the psychiatrist will affect whether or not your bad dream recurs. 2) Whether your nightmare recurs depends on your attitude towards the advice of the psychiatrist 4. 乐观主义者成功的秘诀在于他们是用积极的态度对待失望和失败。 1) The secret to the success of optimists is that they deal with disappointments and failures in a positive way. 5. 悲观主义者往往容易失败，部分原因就是一个人对自己的看法常常是一种能够自我实现的预言。(in part) 1) The reason that a pessimist tends to fail is, in part, that a person's opinion about himself is often a self-fulfilling prophecy. 2) Pessimists are likely to fail partly because one's perception of oneself is often a self-fulfilling prophecy. 6. 在幼儿的性格特征没有来得及发展之前，他们的行为不如大多数成年人的行为那样保持一致(consistent)。一个儿童行为的改变，可能表明他的注意力已因其活动特点的不同而转变。他的兴趣总是集中在手头的事情上。个性坚强、兴趣强烈的人能够坚持把自己正在做的事进行下去，只有重大的环境变化才能干扰其行为的方向和目的。 1) In very young children, before traits have had much chance to develop, behavior is less consistent than it is in most adults. A child's changing behavior may show his changing concern with different features of his activity. His interest always focuses on the business at hand. The person with strong traits and interests is able to persist in what he is doing. Only a major situational change can disturb the direction or purpose of his behavior. UNITE THREE 尊敬的编辑同志： 非常高兴中央电视台和贵报举办“我与电视”征文活动。我很遗憾地告诉您我是位残疾人。当您看到我的稿子时，一定觉得我的字迹很乱吧。那是因为我的手不能动，多年来一直叼着笔用嘴写字，这些年来，我用嘴写出了一篇篇文章，一首首小诗。 现在我怀着无比激动的心情把这篇征文寄给您。祝好！ 残疾青年王丽 My respected editor, I am greatly delighted that CCTV and your TV GUIDE are inviting us readers to contribute articles on the subject “Television and Me”. But I regret to tell you that I am a disabled girl. My handwriting is bad you’ll know when reading my manuscript. This is because I’m unable to move my hand, and I can write only with “my mouth”. For many years I grip the pen with my teeth and write the way I do. Over the past years I have “mouth-written”one essay after another, and one poem after another. At this very moment my heart is throbbing with great excitement while answering your call for a report also from me.

proofreading

When Christopher Columbus landed in the New World, the North American continent was area of astonishing ethic (1)____________ and cultural diversity. North of the Rio Grande, which now marks the border among the United States and Mexico, was a (2)____________ population of over 12 million people representing approximately 400 distinct cultures, 500 languages, and a remarkable Variety of political and religious institutions and physical and ethic types. Compared to the Europeans, the Indian peoples (3)___________ were extraordinary heterogeneous, and they often viewed the Europe as just another tribe. (4)_____________ These varied tribal cultures were as diversified as the Land the Indians lived. In the high plains of the (5)___________ Dakotas, the Mandan developed a peaceful communal society centered around agriculture. Only a few hundred miles off, however, in the northwestern Montana, the Blackfeet (6)____________ turned from agriculture and began to use horse, which had been introduced by the Spaniards. As skilled riders they became (7)___________ hunters and fighters and developed a fierce and aggressive culture centered around the buffalo. In the eastern woodlands surrounding the Great Lakes, the Potawatomis were expert fisherman, canoe builders, and hunters. In the Northeast the six Iroquois nations were among the most political (8)______________ sophisticated people in the world, formed the famed Iroquois (9)______________ confederation, that included the Senecas and the Mohawks (10)_______________ This confederation, with its systems of checks and balances, Provided a model for the United States constitutions.

最新国际货代专业英语(1)

国际货代专业英语 课程整体设计录像文字说明 厦门华天涉外职业技术学院非常重视课程建设与课程改革，对此制定了相关的政策，采取了相应的措施，进行了有效的管理，建设成果明显。外语系商务英语专业高玉军、黄国文主讲的《国际货运代理专业英语》课程是学院重点建设的精品课程之一。课程经过不断建设与改进，在教学模式、方法与手段、实践实训设计、实训设施与实习点建设等方面取得了明显成绩。现将本课程建设的整体设计介绍如下： 一、课程概述 （一）课程设置背景 1.区域背景：厦门是一个港口城市，口岸经济地位突出； 厦门是海西建设的龙头； 厦门已列入全国首批流通领域现代物流示范城市； 根据数据统计分析，厦门港口出口货运量于2008年达350万标箱，居全国港口 的前5位；2009年出口货运已达1亿吨，雄踞世界20个大型港口之一。 2.市场调研：通过对企业、行业老总和负责人的调查和访谈，我们得知国际货运代理行业在“以 港兴市”的厦门是一个“朝阳型”产业。而且现在市场对国际货运代理人才需 求量非常大。 3.专业方向：厦门华天学院是为海西经济区建设培养面向生产、建设、服务和管理第一线需要 的高技能人才。通过认真的调查与研究，外语系将商务英语专业调整为临港外贸 英语方向（临港外贸英语：是在港口城市和港口城市附近地区常用和流行的一种 语言形态，其内涵包括国际贸易英语、旅游英语、饭店等服务业英语、政府和政 府执法机构使用的英语、物流行业的专业英语及临港众多产业的专业英语等。） 4.培养目标：以临港外贸英语为方向的高职高专商务英语专业属于文化语言类，是为了培养能 够服务于经贸产业群、物流产业群和服务业产业群的复合型高技能专门人才。而

研究生英语精读教程

《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版下) 中国人民大学出版社

Part Summary ?[1~2] ?John Tierney outlines the bet and the differences between the two sides.Two intellectual schools debate whether the world is getting better or going to the dogs. Part Summary ?[3~4] ?the doomster and his proposition ?Erhrich predicted that "before 1985 mankind will enter an age of scarcity" in which "the accessible supplies of many key minerals will be nearing depletion". Part Summary ?[5~6] ?the boomster and his point of view ?Simon believes that population growth constitutes not a crisis but a boon that will ultimately mean a cleaner environment and a healthier humanity. Part Summary

?[7~9] ?How the bet came into being. Part Summary ?[10-11] ?Erhrich's predictions and the reality ?Ehrlich was right about world population. Yet somehow the average person is healthier and wealthier. And things haven't run out yet. Part Summary ?[12~20] ?Simon's opposite propositions towards Erhrich's predictions ?Simon believed that human ingenuity could indefinitely expand the planet's carrying capacity. Part Summary ?[21~23] ?Simon had never enjoyed Ehrlich's academic success, when it came to winning over popularity. ?Many scientists are uncomfortable with his sweeping optimism - there is no guarantee that past trends will continue - but the consensus has been shifting against Ehrlich's idea of population growth as the great evil. Part Summary ?[24~26] ?The bet ended in Simon's success due to the decline in price Part Summary ?[27-28] ?New problems do exist, but there will be a way out. Text Summary ?What is the relationship between mankind and the earth? There was a fierce debate between Paul R. Ehrlich, an ecologist, and Julian L. Simon, an economist. Their debate in nature is between doomsters and boomsters over a view of the planet's ultimate limits and a vision of humanity's destiny. Ehrlich believed that population growth would result in depletion of resources. However, Simon held the idea that the resources were not finite. With the population growth, more people would produce more bright ideas to solve the problem. The key point of Simon's argument was that human ingenuity could indefinitely expand the planet's carrying capacity while Ehrlich's idea about the world was that a gigantic population crash would inevitably occur. From the debate it may be concluded that the danger does exist, yet there is a way out.