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大学体验英语四 课后翻译

大学体验英语四 课后翻译
大学体验英语四 课后翻译

Unit 1

1. 随着职务的提升,他担负的责任也更大了。(take on)

With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.

2.他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(make a commitment)

He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.

3.闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物,与她相反,露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(as opposed to)

Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading

4.说得好听一些,可以说他有抱负,用最糟糕的话来说,他是一个没有良心(conscience) 且没有资格的权力追求者。(at best, at worst)

At best he 's ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.

5.我们已尽全力想说服他,但是却毫无进展。(strive, make no headway)

We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.

1.他似乎只有在打保龄球的时候才感觉到舒服。

It seems that the only time he felt good about himself was when he was bowling.

2.饭店员工是不收小费原则的唯一例外。

One exception to the “no-tipping rule” is the hotel staff.

3.很多年轻人在理论上知道怎么干,但当付诸实践时,就茫然无措了。

Many of these youngsters know the job in theory but they’re still wet behind the ears when it comes to putting it into practice.

4.今天,在顶级公关运营商中间存在着一种广泛的共识,认为法庭和媒体的对峙不能再继续下去。Today, there is widespread agreement among top PR operators that the stand-off between courts and the media can not continue.

5.对于每个人来说,有一点是确信的,睡眠不仅是必需的,而且睡眠有助于我们身心健康。

As for everyone, one thing is certain, not only do we have to sleep, but it is good for your mind and body as well.

倍数的翻译(Multiples)

常见的倍数的翻译有倍数的增加和倍数的减少。

倍数的增加

1 n times +名词或+ that of ..., n times as ... as ... 或v + n times等可译成“是...的n倍”或“比...增加n–1倍”。

e.g. The output of cars this year is about three times as great as that of last year.

今年的汽车产量大约是去年的三倍。(或:今年的汽车产量比去年多两倍左右。)

2 n times +“增加”意义的比较级+ than ...可译成“净增加...或...倍”。

e.g. The irrigated area in this prefecture is four times bigger than in 1998.

这个辖区的灌溉面积是1998年的4倍。

3 “增加”意义的动词+ by ...可译成“增加了……”;“增加”意义的动词+ by a factor of ...可译成“增加了n–1倍”;

增加意义的动词+ to ... 可译成“增加到……或……倍”或“增加了n–1倍”。

e.g. The value of our industrial output this year has increased five times as compared with that of ten years

ago.

今年我们的工业产值比10年前增加了四倍。

The rate of inflation has increased by 3%.

通货膨胀率增长了3%。

4 Double, treble, quadruple, n + fold等表示的倍数可译成“是……的n倍”或“增加了n–1倍”。

e.g. The efficiency of the machine has been more than trebled.

这台机器的效率增加了二倍多(是过去的三倍多)。

倍数的减少

1 n times as +“减少”意义的原级+ as ..., n times + “减少”意义的比较级+ than ... , “减少”意义的动词+ n times等,

可译成“比...减少(n–1) / n”、“减少了(n–1) / n”、“是...1/n”、“减少到1/n”(若n中有小数点,则要换算成不带小数点的分数或百分数)。

e.g. The length of the laser tube was reduced ten times.

激光管的长度缩短到1/10。(或:激光管的长度缩短了9/10。)

This kind of film is twice thinner than ordinary paper, but its quality is quite good.

尽管这种薄膜的厚度只是普通纸张的一半,可是质量却相当好。

2 “减少”意义的动词+ by可译成“减少...”、“减少n–1/n”或“减少到1/n”;减少意义的动词+ by a factor of可译成

“减少n–1 / n”或“减少到1/n”;减少意义的动词+ to可译成“减少到...”。

e.g. The load resistance is reduced by a factor of 5.

负载阻抗减少到五分之一。

The company has reduced its work force from more than 15 000 to 10 000.

该公司将其工作人员从15 000多人裁减到10 000人。

Unit 2

1. 宪法规定公民享有言论自由。(provide for)

Answer: The Constitution provides for citizen’s freedom of speech.

2. 我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法,因此常发生争吵。(grow out of; bring up) Answer: Our constant quarrels grew out of the diverse ideas on how to bring up children.

3. 我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇。(long before)

Answer: We have learned some words long before we can read.

4. 很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好。(the more ... the more)

Answer: Many Chinese parents think that the earlier children go to school, the better.

5. 新税法不是要惩罚富人,而是要给穷人以公平和机会。(rather)

Answer: The new tax law is not to punish the rich. Rather it is to bring justice and opportunity to the poor

1.要得到任何类似的关于你申请状态的准确信息都是极不寻常的。

Answer: It is extremely unusual to get anything resembling accurate information about the

status of your application.

2.法律面前人人平等是被认为理所当然的。

Answer: It is taken for granted that everyone is equal before the law.

3.在美国餐馆吃饭、住宾馆、乘出租车时如何付小费是非常复杂的。

Answer: There is nothing more complicated than that about Americans tipping, eating in restaurants, living in hotels or taking a taxi.

4.你一定见过那些被称为鹰的大鸟是如何在地面或者大树之上捕获猎物的。

Answer: You must have seen these large birds called eagles, feasting on their prey, either on the ground, or high up on tree tops.

5.专家们毫不怀疑,这些药物将在加强我国应对艾滋病毒和艾滋病方面大有帮助。

Answer: Experts have no doubt that these drugs will go a long way in further strengthening our national response to HIV and AIDS.

数量词的翻译(Numbers)

数词的翻译

英汉两种语言表示数量的方法时有不同,翻译中不仅需要仔细推敲如何表达,有时还需要进行换算。例如:

1. ten thousand: 万one hundred thousand: 十万one hundred million: 亿

one billion: 十亿ten billion: 百亿;

2. hundreds of: 数百thousands of: 成千上万tens of thousands of: 千千万万

millions of: 数百万;千百万millions of millions of: 亿万

与此相类似的还有一些表示数量的名词:

decades: 几十(年) scores: 好几十;大量dozens: 数打,数十。

量词的翻译

1. 度量衡单位词的翻译:直接将量词译为对应的汉语。例如:

ton: 吨gram: 克foot: 英尺inch: 英寸

2.普通名词作量词则应按语境来译,必须符合汉语的表达习惯。例如:

a piece of news: 一则消息 a colony of ants: 一窝蚂蚁 a cake of soap: 一块肥皂

3. 翻译时增加量词。例如:

a chair: 一把椅子 a horse: 一匹马 a tree: 一棵树

A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.

一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。

Unit 3

1. 你应该及时掐掉凋谢的花朵。(pluck off)

Answer: You should pluck off the dead fl owers in time.

2. 我认为你所说的实在算不上一个答案。(qualify as)

Answer: I don’t think what you said really qualifi es as an answer.

3. 我们的喊声在寂静的大街上回荡。(echo)

Answer: Our shouts echoed through the silent streets.

4. 毫无疑问,他的成绩提高了,他又重新燃起了对学习的兴趣。(revive)

Answer: There is no doubt that his grades have improved and his interest in learning has revived.

5. 史密斯夫妇已经向离婚法院正式申请离婚。(file for)

Answer: The Smiths have fi led for divorce in the divorce court.

1.这自然是一种完全可笑的幻想。我根本不想当什么大(tycoon),也根本看不起大款。

Answer: It is of course a ridiculous fancy. Being a tycoon is the last thing I imagine and also

a thing I utterly despise.

2.研究人员说,在家里承受压力的孩子会在课堂上捅娄子,这会损害全班学生的学习能力。

Answer: The researchers say that children under stress at home can cause problems in the classroom, which ultimately hurts all the students’ ability to learn.

3. 医学杂志上的一份研究报告回应了金融危机会带来医疗灾难的警告,说有迹象表明,心理健康问题和自杀行为急剧增加。

Answer: A study in the medical journal echoes the warning of an impending health catastrophe brought about by the financial crisis, saying there are signs of a sharp rise in mental health problems and suicide.

4.当学生为了获得一个超过他们应得成绩的更好分数而作弊时,他们其实就在学习养成欺骗和不诚实的生活习惯。

Answer: When pupils are practicing cheating for the purpose of obtaining better school marks than they deserve, they are surely training themselves for lives of deceit and dishonesty. 5.如果没有交通规则,人们如何在公路上开小轿车、大巴或其他交通工具?

Answer: Would people be able to drive a car, a bus and any other vehicle on the roadway if there were no traffic regulations?

否定句的翻译(Negatives)

The use of negatives in English is very flexible and delicate. The following tips will help you to handle the translation.

1 否定成分的转移The object did not move because I pushed on it.

这物体不是因为我推了才移动的。(原文否定谓语,译文否定状语。)

2 形式否定Nobody could be too foolish this day.

在这天,你怎么出洋相都不过分。

3 双重否定Without substance, there could be no force.

没有物质就没有重力。(译成双重否定)

She is not a little interested in computer games.

她对计算机游戏有浓厚兴趣。(译成肯定句)

4 部分否定Everything is not straightened out.

并非每一个问题都弄清楚了。

5 强调否定The outcome of the experiment was not half bad.

实验结果相当好。

6 含蓄否定The report lacks detail.

报告不够详尽。(否定包含在英语动词中)

Unit 4

1. 我爷爷虽然70岁了,但他的爱好广泛,从下国际象棋到爬山,多种多样。(range from ... to) Answer: My grandfather’s interests range from playing chess to climbing mountains although he is 70 years old.

2. 真奇怪,汤姆的奶奶都80岁了还玩玩具娃娃。(surprisingly)

Answer: Surprisingly, Tom’s grandmother plays with dolls at the age of 80.

3. 他大公无私的精神和天赋使他适合担当大多数学生梦想得到的那项工作。(qualify for)

Answer: His selflessness and talent qualify him for the job most students dream to get. 4.你如何解释他的那个怪梦?(interpretation)

Answer: What interpretation would you put on his odd / strange dream?

5. 我们老板刚买的新轿车一小时能行驶200公里。(be capable of)

Answer: The brand-new car our boss has just bought is capable of making 200 kilometers an hour.

1.正义不但必须要伸张,而且要让人看到正义得到了伸张。

Answer: Justice must not only be done, but it must be seen to be done.

2.发展的主要障碍是国家欠下的巨额外债。

Answer: The main impediment to development is the country’s huge foreign debt.

3.政治家夸夸其谈,但经常是言不由衷。

Answer: Politicians say a lot but often failing to tell us what they really mean.

4.不要抱怨生活对你不公,因为生活根本就不知道你是谁。

Answer: Don’t complain that life is unfair to you because life simply does not know who you are.

5.多元化产品的范围由一般电子组件至大型安装机器。

Answer: Diversified products range from electronics components to assembly machinery.

定语从句的翻译(Relative Clauses)

常见的定语从句翻译方法有两种:合译法和分译法。

1 合译法:把定语从句译成汉语的“的”字结构,放在被修饰词的前面,从而把英语的主句和定语从句合译成一个汉语单句。

1) This is the scientist who just returned from the North Pole.

这是刚从北极归来的科学家。

2) The sun, which had hidden in the cloud all day, now came out in its entire splendor.

整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。

3) Without rubber there would be no such automobiles as we have today.

如果没有橡胶,就不会有今天这样的汽车。

2 分译法:将定语从句与主句分开,译成并列分句。

1) I knew that Mary would tell the story to her mother, who would probably tell it to John.

我知道玛丽准会把这件事告诉她的妈妈,她妈妈多半又会把这事说给约翰听。

2) They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.

他们找到了一种新方法,采用该方法之后产量已迅速提高。

3) Machine tools have various uses, one of which is to make holes in metal.

机床有各种用途,其中之一是给金属钻孔。

Unit 5

1. 产品广告中的说明必须符合产品的实际质量。(conform to)

Answer: The explanation in the advertisement of the product must conform to its actual quality.

2. 新的见解有望为我们探索应对这种情况的新方法铺平道路。(pave the way for)

Answer: New insights will hopefully pave the way for us to explore new ways of treating this condition.

3. 谚语来源于生活,是一个民族的语言和文化的浓缩和体现。(derive from)

Answer: Proverbs, which derive from life, are the condensation and embodiment of the language and culture of a nation.

4. 这段情感关系一直困扰着她,而且不见尽头。(haunt)

Answer: The emotional relationship has been haunting her with no end in sight.

5. 应当承认,很难判定这件独特商品的合适价格。(discern)

Answer: Admittedly, the right price for this unique commodity is hard to discern.

1.除了他为他儿子所做的一切之外,我们认为他没有什么值得表扬的地方

Answer: We agree that he had nothing to be praised for other than what he had done for his son.

2.很多企业不把商业道德当回事儿,这比任何违法的商业行为给世界经济所带来的危害都要大。Answer: That many enterprises don’t take business ethics seriously can be more destructive to world economy than any illegal commercial action.

3. 中国人的热情好客在过年期间的盛宴上得到了充分的诠释。

Answer: The hospitality of the Chinese finds its ultimate expression in the grand feasts during the Spring Festival.

4.这笔世界银行的贷款为更多的孩子有更好的学习条件提供了经济上的保障。

Answer: This loan of money from the World Bank provides financial guarantee that enables more children to have better facilities in school.

5.与其说是对教育公平的一项科学研讨,不如说是呼吁公众对穷人发展的关注。

Answer: It is less a scientific research about equal education opportunity than it is a call for public attention to the development of the poor.

同位语的翻译(Appositives)

可以充当同位语的有名词、代词、介词短语、不定式等。同位语通常放在有关成分(本位语) 之后,并对其内容作进一步的解释说明。同位语一般用逗号与本位语隔开(但有时也可不隔开)。下面举例说明有关同位语的各种表达方式及其翻译方法:

1. 名词或代词、形容词、数词等作同位语,一般与本位语译在一起:

Examples You may leave it to us two.

你可以把这件事交给我们两个。

This is Mr Zhou, director of our hospital.

这是我们医院院长周先生。

She seemed different from them all.

她似乎和他们所有的人都不同。

This theory was advanced by Li Siguang, a famous Chinese geologist.

这一理论是由中国的著名地质学家李四光提出的。

2. 有些同位语结构复杂一些,如由引导词引导,翻译时一般译在本位语之后,且要用标点符号(逗号、冒

号或破折号) 隔开。

Examples Then arose the question where we were to get the machines needed.

这时就产生了一个问题:我们到哪儿去找需要的机器。

They visited eight cities, for example, London and Paris.

他们访问了八座城市,例如伦敦和巴黎。

3. 在某些涵义需要进一步说明的名词(如idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt等) 后可用

that从句作同位语,

翻译时多译成该名词的定语。称为同位语从句。

Examples I had no idea that you were here.

我不知道你也在这儿。

Obviously there was little probability t hat they would succeed, but they didn’t

mind.

很显然他们成功的可能性极小,但是他们不在意。

Unit 6

1.她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期。(portray ... as)

Answer:She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.

2. 试验表明,不抽烟的人比抽烟的人犯的错误要少。(fewer ... than)

Answer:Experiments showed that nonsmokers committed fewer errors than smokers.

3. 足球迷经常受到人们的重视,不是因为他们自身的成功,而是因为他们支持的球队获得了胜利。(not ...

but)

Answer:Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement, but through

their connection to a team that wins.

4. 尽管演员的演技高超,这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能吸引住我们。(despite)

Answer:Despite the actors’ wonderfu l acting, the three-hour movie could not hold our

attention.

5.王教授是我能唯一指望救我儿子的大夫。(rely on)

Answer:Professor Wang is the only doctor I can rely on to save my son

1. 当我们知道有人从这次洪水中幸存下来时激动得都要飞起来,但当我们怎么也找不到失踪的那几个同学时,心情也跌至了谷底Answer:1. We hit the heights when we got the news that someone survived the flood and reach the

depths of despair when we can not find the classmates lost in this accident.

2. 我们赢得这场比赛的机会要比那些经常训练的人少得多。

Answer:The opportunities for us to win the match are much fewer than those who practice often,

3. 我们所做到一切不是为了获得名或者利,而是为了让更多人的希望。

Answer:What we did is not for fame or fortune of ourselves, but for the hopes of more people.

4. 他把自己在学校的糟糕表现归咎于自己贫困的家庭,而不是自身的懒惰。

Answer:He blamed his poor performance in school on his poor family background, rather that on his own laziness.

5. 大学生所面临的一个重要困难是如何把学到的知识应用到实践中去。

Answer:One of the difficulties college students face is how to apply what they have learned in school to practice.

名词性从句的翻译(Noun Clauses))

在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,因此名

词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1. 名词性that-从句的翻译

that只起连接主句和从句的作用,本身没有词意,翻译时只译出从句的意义即可。

Examples

That he is still alive is sheer luck.

他还活着全靠运气。

John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.

约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。

The fact is that he has not been seen recently.

事实是近来谁也没有见过他。

The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.

近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人感到不安。

that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末。

Δ用it作先行词结构的翻译:

1) It is +名词+从句It is a fact that ... 事实是?;

It is an honor that ... ?非常荣幸;

It is common knowledge that ... ?是常识

2)

It is +形容词+从句

It is natural that ... 很自然?;

It is strange that ... 奇怪的是?

3)

It +不及物动词+从句

It seems that ... 似乎?;

It happened that ... 碰巧?

4)

It +过去分词+从句

It is reported that ... 据报道?;

It has been proved that ... 已证实?

2. 名词性wh-从句的翻译

wh-词包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和

where,when, why等连接副词。翻译时既可译出这些连接词语的疑问含义,又常按其实际所指变通译成

“?的东西”、“?的地方”、“?的时间”、“?的原因”等。

Examples How the book will sell depends on its author.

我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌

In one’s own home one can do what one likes.

在自己家里可以随心所欲。

The club will give whoever wins a prize.

俱乐部将给得胜者发奖。

My question is who will take over presidency of the Foundation.

我的问题是谁将接任该基金会的主席职位。

She will name him whatever she wants to.

她高兴给他起什么名字就起什么名字。

I have no idea when he will return.

我不知道他什么时候回来。

I’m not sure why she refused their invitation.

我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。

That depends on where we shall go.

那取决于我们去哪儿。

wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it作形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,

Examples It is not yet decided who will do that job.

还没决定谁做这项工作。

It remains unknown when they are going to get married.

他们何时结婚依然不明。

Δwh-从句常用结构的翻译:

Examples What you need is ...

你需要的(东西) 是?

How +从句+is up to you.?

什么的方法/途径由你决定。

Where +主语+谓语+is none of your business.

什么地方与你无关。

Why +主语+谓语+is a secret.

为什么还是个谜。

It is not clear who ...

谁还不清楚。

3. 名词性从句否定转移的翻译

1) think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到了主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

Examples

I don’t think I know you.

我想我并不认识你。

I don’t believe he will come.

我相信他不会来。

2)seem, appear等后的从句的否定,转移到了前面。

Examples

It doesn’t seem that they know where to go.

看来他们不知道往哪里去。

It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow.

看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

3)有时整个从句的否定,转变为对谓语动词的否定。

Example It’s not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。

Unit 7

1.对考试结果我无法预料,我们只有等着瞧了。(inkling)

Answer:I have no inkling about the examination results, we shall have to wait and see.

2. 我不知道到底发生了什么事,但是他们一小时前就该到达这里的。(suppose to)

Answer:I don’t know what happened, but they were supposed to be here an hour ago.

3. 他今天穿的衬衫的颜色与领带很不相配。(match)

Answer:The color of the shirt he is wearing today does not match that of his tie.

4. 经过数年的准备和积累,我终于开始了写作生涯。(commit)

Answer:After years of preparation and accumulation, I have committed to a writing career fi nally.

5. 我已经告诉我的孩子们要学着把自己的抽屉清理好。(clear out)

Answer:I have asked my kids to learn to clear out their drawers

1.我当时没有意识到发生在万里之外的美国的事情会这么快就被这些村民知道了。

Answer:I didn’t realize then that the thing taking place in America which is 10 thousand miles away would be known by the villagers here so soon.

2.正是在国外生活的这三年使我学会了人与人之间相处的原则。

Answer:It took the three-year-experience of living abroad for me to learn interpersonal communication principles.

3.我已经明白了正如在任何超市里一样,电脑里的一切都应该是系统化地安排的。

Answer:I have learned that in computer, as in any super market, everything should be systematically arranged.

4.这家正被媒体热切讨论的公司正是我们的合作伙伴,正如其他消费者一样,我们也会密切关注事态的发展。

Answer:The company that is hotly discussed in mass media is our cooperator and we, like many other costumers, will closely see how things progress.

5.当我们意识到自己的责任以后,我们应该做的就是勇敢地面对来自各方面的挑战。

Answer:When we have realized our responsibility, what we should do is to confront various challenges.

状语从句的翻译(Adverbial Clauses)

英语的状语从句种类较多,为了符合汉语的表达习惯,翻译的时候应注意从句子语序和词语的省略两方面考虑。

语序:英语状语从句位置比较灵活,翻译时应根据汉语结构的需要,对语序作必要的调整。

省略:为了避免累赘,要注意汉语中常将从句的主语和连词省略。

例如:

语序1) He always goes wherever he is in urgent need.

哪里需要他,他就到哪里去。

2) She passed the CET 4 because she had studied very hard.

因为学习努力,所以她顺利地通过了英语4级。(如果强调结果,也可把从句译在后面)

3) Chongqing has undergone great changes since it became a municipality.

自从成为直辖市以来,重庆发生了巨大的变化。

4) We would have accomplished the task much easier if you had come to help us.

要是你来帮我们,完成这项任务本可以更容易些。

5) You shouldn’t have given up so early, though you met with a lot of difficulty.

虽然有很多困难,你也不应该这么早就放弃。

省略1) Please let me know in case you need my help.

( ) 如果需要帮助,请告知我。

2) As soon as you get the order, you should set out immediately.

( ) 一旦接到命令,你应该立即出发。

3) We might have a rest after we finish the project.

( ) 完成这个项目,我们可以休息一下。

4) He didn’t come to class because he was seriously injured in the football match.

( ) 他在足球比赛中严重受伤,( ) 没来上课。

5) Rich as you are, you shouldn’t look down upon the poor.

你虽然有钱,( ) 也不应该瞧不起穷人。

Unit 8

1.无论我们遇到什么样的困难,我们都应该想办法克服它。(overcome) Answer:No matter what difficulties we come across, we should try our best to overcome them.

2. 尊老爱幼是中华民族传统的美德。(traditional)

Answer:Respecting the old and caring for the young is a traditional Chinese virtue. 3. 今天,各行各业的人都在努力提高自己的知识水平以便跟上时代的发展。(all walks of life)

Answer:Today, people from all walks of life are trying to acquire more knowledge to keep pace with the development of the times.

4. 孩子们特别喜欢卡通片。(have a fancy for / take a fancy to)

Answer:Children have a fancy for cartoons.

5. 鉴于他们缺乏经验,这工作他们做得不错。(given that)

Answer:Given that they are lacking in experience / inexperienced / green hand, they have done a good job

1.当她不得不在家庭与工作之间做出选择时,她陷入了两难境地。

Answer:She ran into a dilemma when she had to make a choice between family and her career.

2.尽管我承认这些问题挺棘手,但我不相信他们无法解决。

Answer:But while I admit that the problems are difficult, I don't agree that they can't be solved.

3.由于他犯下了那样严重的罪行,受到严厉的处罚似乎是很自然的。

Answer:Since he had committed such a serious crime, it seemed natural that he should be severely punished.

4.如果你真的想给你老板留下深刻印象,你就应该有创造性的思维。

Answer:If you really want to impress your boss, you should have some original ideas. 5.这一现象并不令人吃惊,考虑到他们为克服这些困难所做出的辛苦努力的话。

Answer:This is not surprising, given that they have made painstaking effort to overcome the difficulties.

长句的翻译(Long Sentences)

翻译长句时应从语法上分析全句,通过语法分析,弄清长句中各部分之间的语法关系,特别要弄清楚哪个是主句,主句中的主语、谓语和宾语是什么以及整个句子的时间先后顺序和逻辑关系,然后按照汉语的特点和表达方式把句子译成若干短句,并安排好各短句之间的次序。

下面三种方法有助于我们译好长句。

1.顺译法:A partition runs down the center of the heart, dividing it into left and right sections which work at the same time but deal with two different types of blood.

一道隔膜穿过心脏中间,把心脏分成左右两个部分,两个部分同时活动,但却处理两种类型的血液。2.逆译法: What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose their professional identity than to step out of uniform?

对于护士、警察、理发师或是服务员来说,要使人们看不出他们的职业身份,还有什么比脱下制服更容易的方法呢?

3.分译法: But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as with it is in itself a huge victory.

但在许多人看来,穷人能不靠政府救济养活自己,而且生活得几乎和依靠政府救济一样好,这本身就是一个巨大的胜利。事实上,有些长句的翻译同时要用到两种或两种以上的方法,在翻译的过程中还需运用增词法、减词法和重复法等翻译技巧。若不善于使用这些翻译技巧,即使看懂了句子结构,表达起来也难免不够通顺。

大学体验英语 第三版 课后翻译答案

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大学体验英语综合教程课后翻译

1A 1任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票(vote)。(be eligible to) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2.每学期开学前,这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to each student before the start of each semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议,我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4.公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5.这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 1B 1.鲁迅是中国最伟大的作家,同时也是世界杰出文人之一。 Lu Xun is one of the greatest writer in China and one of the world’s outstanding men of letters. 2.大部分研究生选择了文学作为其研究领域,其余的选择了语言学。 Most graduate students chose literature as their field of study, and the rest made linguistics their choice. 3.人们购买什么样的户型居住是根据各自的特殊需要和有关专家的建议。 People buy what kind of houses to live in on the basis of their special needs and on the advice of relevant experts. 4.这些虚拟教学设施能使亚非学生在一个真实的情景中学习外语至少3 个月。 These virtual teaching facilities enable overseas students from Asia and Africa to learn a foreign language in a real-life situation for a minimum of three months. 5.学生在做出决定前应该认真核查他们是否有资格加入这一俱乐部,因为他们每个人只有一次选择机会。 Students should check carefully that they are eligible to join this club before making their decision, as each of them is restricted to only one choice. 2A 1. 他内心深处知道,他们永远也不会再见了。(in one’s heart) Answer:He knew in his heart that they would never meet again. 2.他们同意出版他的第一本书后,他终于感到自己快要成功了。(on the road to) Answer:He finally felt that he was on the road to success after they agreed to publish his first book. 3.他停下来喝了一口(a sip of)水,然后继续讲话。(resume) Answer:He stopped to take a sip of water and then resumed speaking. 4.这个大项目使我们忙得今年都无法安排一次度假了。(engage; so much that) Answer:The big proj ect engages us so much that we can’t manage to take a holiday this year. 5.氧气(oxygen)是气体中最重要的一种,正如水是液体中最重要的一种一样。(just as) Answer:Just as water is the most important of liquids, oxygen is the most important of gases. 2B 1. 警察们正忙着填写关于这场事故的各种表格。(fill out) Answer:The policemen are busy filling out forms about the accident. 2.我想在还车之前把油箱(fuel tank)加满。(fill up) Answer:I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car. 3.如果你要投诉,最好遵循正确的程序。(follow the procedure) Answer:If you want to make a complaint, you’d be tter follow the correct procedure. 4.要不是约翰帮忙,我们绝不会这么快就完成实验。(without) Answer:We couldn’t have finished the experiment so soon without John’s help. 5.暴风雨之后,岸边的人们焦急地搜索湖面以期发现小船的踪迹。(scan for) Answer:After the storm, the people on the shore anxiously scanned the lake for any sign of the boat 那时他刚刚被提升为公司副总裁不久,所以他并没有期待六个月内还会有升职。 3A

新编大学英语4课后翻译和答案

Unit 1 1. Lively behavior is normal for a four-year-old child. 2. Fast cars appeal to John, but he can’t affor d me. 3. Dave required a lot of time to study the diverse arguments. 4. I asked my boss for clarification, and she explained the project to me again. 5. Photographic fil m is very sensitive to light. 6. Mutual encouragement can be a great help, especially in the early days. 7. Jimmy cried when people made fun of him. 8. John won't give up. He persists in his opinion/viewpoint. 9. Ted always wants to be the focus/c enter of attention. 10. Is it cheap if we buy our tickets in advance? Unit 2 1.However, the main drawback with this type of search engine is its tendency to include too muc h information. 2.She's very generous with her time----always ready to help other people. 3.You may have known someone else 20 years and yet they will never be more than a casual acqu aintance. 4.He doubted that the car was hers because everybody knew she had no money. 5.It's impossible to forget such horrific events----they will remain in the memory forever. 6.In a world too often filled with uncertainties, it is nice to have a safety net, something you can r ely on. 7.The earthquake happened a year ahead of the prediction by the research group, but earthquak es are usually difficult to predict. 8.I don't mind being awakened once or twice in the middle of the night by my roommate so long as she doesn't make a habit of it. Unit 3 1.Their study shows that sports skills carry over into personal life. 2.I find myself calling on the boys more often, because they tend to be the ones having trouble st aying on task. 3.I used to have trouble getting all the laundry put away before it was time to do th e next batch. 4.After her time in hospital, Jenny’s parents are afraid she has fallen behind academ ically. 5.People are wondering who's going to take over when the old president dies. Unit 4 1.I think it is up to him to finish the work no matter how long it takes. 2.We decided to sacrifice a trip for a new car, though it was really hard for us to make the decisio n. 3.He tried not to involve his wife in the management of the company, because in most cases the advantages outweighed the disadvantages. 4.It is of vital importance to future generations that open spaces and parklands are protected and maintained to a high standard to keep the city increasingly attractive. 5.We have reached the agreement at the meeting that the key to this problem is better planning. 6.I propose pursuing this question further by considering critically the four theories well-known i n this area. 7.The house was a completely original design----neither the interior nor the exterior was copied o f any existin g buildings of the kind. 8.Through all his life he has made efforts to promote the mutual understanding between the two countries.

大学体验英语4课文翻译及课后翻译1

一、课后翻译 Unit 1 1.随着职务的提升,他担负的责任也更大了。(take on) With his promotion ,he has taken on greater responsibilities. 2. 他感到他再没有必要对约翰承担这样的责任。(make a commitment) He felt he did not have to make such a commitmentto John any more . 3. 闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物,与她相反,露茜却喜欢呆在家里看书。(as opposed to) Mary likes go to shopping in her spare time ,as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading. 4. 充其量可以说他有抱负,用最糟糕的话来说,他是一个没有良心(conscience)或没有资格的权力追求者。(at best, at worst) At best he's ambitious,at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications . 5. 我们已尽全力说服他,但是却毫无进展。(strive,make no headway) We have striven to the full to convince him,but we have made no headway. Unit 2 1. 要是他适合当校长,那么哪个学生都可以当。(no more...than) He is no more fit to be a headmaster than any schoolboy would be. 2. 至于她的父亲,她不敢肯定是否会接收她和她的小孩。(as for) As for her father, she is not sure whether he will accept her and her baby. 3. 晚睡会损害健康而早睡早起有益于健康。(undermine) Staying up late will undermine one's health while going to bed early and getting up early will benefit it. 4. 大使亲自向总理转达了总统的问候。(convey) The ambassador personally conveyed the president's message to the premier. 5. 这个女孩决定敞开心扉,把她看见的一切都告诉警方。(open up) The girl decided to open up and tell the police what she had seen. Unit 3 1. 他理个发就要收500元,简直不可思议。(charge) It is simply unbelievable for him to charge 500 dollars for a haircut. 2. 人民赋予你特权,你就应该全心全意为人民服务。(grant) People grant you the privilege, so you should serve the people wholeheartedly. 3. 天气预报很重要,依据它我们才能决定什么时候出航。(so that) The weather forecast is very important so that we can decide when to go to sea. 4. 炮声打破了往常周日早晨的宁静,人们强烈预感到战争就要来临。(violate) The sound of guns violated the usual calm of Sunday morning, and people had a strong feeling that the war was coming. 5. 即使你每分钟看3页,到本周末你无论如何也看不完这本书。(even though) Even though you read three pages per minute, you will by no means finish the book by the end of this weekend. Unit 4

大学体验英语四 课后翻译

Unit 1 1. 随着职务的提升,他担负的责任也更大了。(take on) With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities. 2.他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(make a commitment) He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more. 3.闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物,与她相反,露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(as opposed to) Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading 4.说得好听一些,可以说他有抱负,用最糟糕的话来说,他是一个没有良心(conscience) 且没有资格的权力追求者。(at best, at worst) At best he 's ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications. 5.我们已尽全力想说服他,但是却毫无进展。(strive, make no headway) We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway. 1.他似乎只有在打保龄球的时候才感觉到舒服。 It seems that the only time he felt good about himself was when he was bowling. 2.饭店员工是不收小费原则的唯一例外。 One exception to the “no-tipping rule” is the hotel staff. 3.很多年轻人在理论上知道怎么干,但当付诸实践时,就茫然无措了。 Many of these youngsters know the job in theory but they’re still wet behind the ears when it comes to putting it into practice. 4.今天,在顶级公关运营商中间存在着一种广泛的共识,认为法庭和媒体的对峙不能再继续下去。Today, there is widespread agreement among top PR operators that the stand-off between courts and the media can not continue. 5.对于每个人来说,有一点是确信的,睡眠不仅是必需的,而且睡眠有助于我们身心健康。 As for everyone, one thing is certain, not only do we have to sleep, but it is good for your mind and body as well. 倍数的翻译(Multiples) 常见的倍数的翻译有倍数的增加和倍数的减少。 倍数的增加 1 n times +名词或+ that of ..., n times as ... as ... 或v + n times等可译成“是...的n倍”或“比...增加n–1倍”。 e.g. The output of cars this year is about three times as great as that of last year. 今年的汽车产量大约是去年的三倍。(或:今年的汽车产量比去年多两倍左右。) 2 n times +“增加”意义的比较级+ than ...可译成“净增加...或...倍”。 e.g. The irrigated area in this prefecture is four times bigger than in 1998. 这个辖区的灌溉面积是1998年的4倍。 3 “增加”意义的动词+ by ...可译成“增加了……”;“增加”意义的动词+ by a factor of ...可译成“增加了n–1倍”; 增加意义的动词+ to ... 可译成“增加到……或……倍”或“增加了n–1倍”。

全新版大学英语4课后翻译答案

1.2.3.5.6.单元 P20 Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.多尔蒂和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。 We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.我们不能低估敌人,他们装备了最先进的武器。 Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.菲尔已三个月没有找到工作了,正变得越来越绝望。Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.作为项目经理,山姆办事果断,工作效率高,且判断准确。 Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs. 既然已证实这家化工厂是污染源,村委会决定将其关闭,为此损失了一百个工作岗位。P47 There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.空气中有一种不寻常的寂静,只有远处响着大炮的声音。 The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems. 在某些非洲国家城市的扩展已引起生活水平相当大的下降和社会问题的增多The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.研究表明大气中的二氧化碳含量与全球温度密切相关The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.最近公共汽车的车辆行驶频率已有改善,从15分钟缩短到12分钟一班。The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.那位跳水运动员立在跳水板边沿,只等教练发出信号便会立即跳下。 Translation on P81-82 1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, theveteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.尽管在这次紧急迫降中,飞机跑道不长,但经验老到的飞行员还是让飞机滑行了很短一段时间后就停了下来。 2)Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted(out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.在记着反复追问下,该影星终于说漏了嘴,承认自己做过两次整容手术。 3) We have the technology and ourpartner has the capital.Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.我们有技术,我们的合伙人有资金,。一起干,我们就掌握了未来。 4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. Yousee, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.要是我事先知道你会带这么多朋友回家,我会好好准备的,你

大学体验英语综合教程4(第三版)课文翻译及课后答案

大学体验英语综合教程4(第三版)课文翻译及课后答案

Unit 1 无名英雄:职业父亲意味着什么? 在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次“约会”时,我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具总动员》的电影。我们很喜欢这部片子,但随后我丈夫问道:“父亲在哪儿呢?”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。父亲不仅没有出现,他甚至没有被提到——尽管家中有婴儿,说明他不可能离开太长时间。影片给人的感觉是,父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节,甚至不需要做任何解释。 新闻媒体倾向于把父亲的边缘化,这只是一个例子,它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。大卫?布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为“无需父亲”观念。 职业母亲(我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的)奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。与此同时,媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候(我怀疑这一说法的可靠性,因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟、给汽车换机油或其它一些典型地由男人们做的事),或者是在他们去世的时候。当布兰肯霍恩先生就“顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时,许多父亲都回答这一词语只有在葬礼上听到。 这种“无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持,我只是想指出在实际生效的双重标准:家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬,而家庭全职母亲和养家活口的父亲,所得到文化上的认同却很少,甚至完全得不到。 我们用来讨论父亲角色(即没出息的父亲)的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭承担的责任缺乏赏识。我们几乎从来没听到“职业父亲”这一说法,在人们呼吁应该考虑给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时,很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女子,同样也适应于男子。我们这个社会表现出似乎家庭职责对父亲来说并不象对母亲那么重要——似乎事业上的满足就是男人生活的全部。 更让人感到侮辱的是最近媒体的这种倾向,即把家庭主妇看成是一种“地位的象征” ——就像一辆名贵的汽车,只有据说少数男人才享受得起这种奢侈与豪华。这暗示家里有家庭主妇的男人比那些妻子在外工作的男人日子过得更舒适,因为他们拥有全职管家这种“奢侈品”。然而,实际上作为家庭惟一挣钱者的男人要承受很多压力。当他们的那份工作是家庭收入的惟一来源的时候,失业,或者甚至只不过是受到失业的威胁,对他们来说显然构成更大的困难。同样,家庭惟一的工资收入者在想辞去不太满意的工作时,其灵活程度也要小一些,因为这种工作变换会使他们失去收入。此外,为了给家庭挣更多的钱,许多丈夫超时工作或兼做第二职业。对于这些男人来说,正是这份工作所支撑的家庭,使得他们值得付出努力。很多男人相信母亲呆在家里对小孩十分重要,这种信念使得他们乐意地担起家里惟一挣钱人的担子。 目前,研究者们普遍认为家庭中没有父亲会对小孩——因此对整个社会——带来严重的问题。然而,我们这个社会并没有把“普通”父亲作为正面角色为未来的父亲树立榜样,相反地,却常常持放弃态度,认为传统的父道从最好的方面说是已经过时,从最坏的方面讲就是危险的反动。这使得许多男人对他们作为父亲的角色的价值提出疑问。 作为一个社会,我们需要认识到对于孩子来说,父亲是与母亲同等重要的,不仅仅在经济支

大学体验英语课后翻译

1、年轻人有时会抱怨无法与父母沟通。 Young people sometimes complain of being unable to communicate with their parents. 2、能在中国云南一个苗家村落住下来一直是玛丽长久以来的梦想,现在她终于梦想成真了。 It has been marry’s looking to take up residence in a Chinese village in Yunnan for a few years. Now her dream has come true. 3、家养的动物习惯依赖人,因此很难在野外活下来。 Domestic animals are used to depending on humans, so it is difficult for them to survive in the wild. 4、他有种恐惧感,觉得自己会因为经济不景气而被公司裁员。 He was suddenly to overtaken by a fear that he would be laid off the company. 5、我估计公交路线上堵车,因为我们等了30分钟也没见一辆车开过来。 I figure that there is a traffic jam on the route of the bus, for I’ave waited for 30 minutes without seeing one passing by. 1、记者敦促发言人就此次军事打击作出解释。 The reporter pressed the spokesman to make explanation of this military attack. 2、他的竞选演讲未能使选民相信他就是参议员的合适人选。

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