高中英语必修Book5unit1同步检测

Unit1 同步检测

Ⅰ.阅读理解

When Alfred Nobel created the prizes that bear his name，he decided that they be given for work done in the previous year.But it has led to all kinds of trouble—as it did once again this month，when the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology was awarded to a dead man.

It is a complex story，one that could not have been foreseen when Nobel，the Swedish inventor，died in 1896.But it all traces back to his will，written at a time when international prizes were an original idea.

Nobel did not say why he wanted t o reward scientists who “made the most important discovery” during the previous year.One can guess that he wanted to reward present-day innovation and not to give tombstone awards to Galileo，Hippocrates，and other scientists from centuries past.

But will and science often got involved.The one-year timing proved impractical；scientific findings generally need to be tested，sometimes for decades，before their value is appreciated.

Perhaps to avoid the Galileo problem，the Nobel Foundation did state clearly that the award be given only to living people；that rule was made formal in the 1970s.But the rule against posthumous awards has now been violated several times—most recently this month，when the prize in medicine was given to Dr.Ralph M．Steinman，a scientist at Rockefeller University，who died three days before his election.His discovery，called dendritic cells，took place in 1973.

The first posthumous winner was the poet Erik Karlfeldt.Karlfeldt had refused his selection in 1918 because he was a longtime member of the Swedish Nobel Academy.When he was selected again in 1931，he had died that April.

What happens if a candidate dies? The Nobel Foundation might consider changes at its next meeting.One possibility would be to withhold (阻止) the announcement of an award until a Nobel official hears the winner’s voice on the famous notification calls.

【文章大意】诺贝尔奖是一个国际奖项，用来奖励前一年在科学上取得重大发现的人。诺贝尔基金会明确说明这个奖项只颁给活着的人，但科学发现需要时间来检验。诺贝尔奖能颁给死去的人吗？或许诺贝尔奖需要一些变革？

1．What did Alfred Nobel create the prizes for?

A．To make himself remembered forever.

B．To attract international attention to Sweden.

C．To encourage contributions to mankind.

D．To honor some dead outstanding discoverers.

解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“he decided that they be given for work done in the previous year.”和第三段中的“One can guess that he wanted to reward present-day innovation”可知，创立诺贝尔奖的目的就是奖励其所在时代的科学发现或重大成就。

2．Why has the Nobel Prize brought about trouble?

A．The one-year timing is not workable.

B．Nobel Foundation tries to break his will.

C．Nobel’s fortune is not well managed.

D．Candidates are hard to be selected worldwide.

解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The one-year timing proved impractical；scientific findings generally need to be tested，sometimes for decades，before their value is appreciated.”可知答案。

3．What do the examples of the scientist Ralph M．Steinman and the poet Erik Karlfeldt suggest?

A．The Nobel Foundation should obey the rules.

B．Some rules of the prize call for reform.

C．The Nobel Academy failed to perform their duty.

D．The winner should live a very long life.

解析：选B。推理判断题。根据上文可知，诺贝尔奖规定只颁发给健在的科学家，可是这一年的诺贝尔医学奖颁发给了已经去世的Ralph M．Steinman，1931年的诺贝尔文学奖颁发给了已逝的诗人Erik Karlfeldt，这两个例子足以说明诺贝尔奖的一些规定需要改革。

4．According to the last paragraph，the Nobel Prize is announced to the winner________．A．in secret B．through a visit

C．by e-mail D．on the telephone

解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话中的“until a Nobel official hears the winner’s voice on the famous notification calls”可知答案。

Ⅱ.七选五补缺题

Doctors Say Most Heart Disease Preventable

Heart disease is the number one killer，worldwide，of men and women over the age of 60.But people of all ages die of heart attacks each year.And while death rates have declined in the U．S.and many western European countries，they are on the rise in the developing world.1.________

No one would have guessed that Barbara Teng would have a heart attack.She was not overweight.She did not smoke or exercise.“In 2004，the week after I turned 49，when I was on a business trip in Chicago，I had a major heart attack，”she said.2.________ She now exercises daily，and monitors her heart health.

Dr.Patrice Nickens，who is with the National Heart，Lung and Blood Institute，thinks that heart disease is 82 percent preventable.“3.________” she said，“Men are also facing the same problem，and the key to staying healthy is knowing your numbers”．

“Your weight，your blood cholesterol，blood sugar and your blood pressure are important numbers that can help you take action and reduce your risk，”she said.

4.________

“And the steps to take are simple: don’t smoke，maintain a healthy weight，exercise，know your numbers and talk to your physician and control these risks，”she said.

African-Americans are at higher-than-average risk for heart disease and stroke；people don’t even know they have it，which increases the risk.Medstar Washington Hospital Center is trying to reach this population.5.________For example，helping the people monitor their blood pressure.If people realize they are at risk for heart disease，the’ll make lifestyle changes: lose weight，exercise，eat the right foods and keep in touch with a doctor.

A．A healthy lifestyle can prevent heart disease.

B．So we must cure heart disease.

C．It is the leading cause of death for women.

D．With the right training，they can play an important role in community health.

E．And that changed her life.

F．Lack of exercise causes heart attacks.

G．Yet most heart disease is preventable.

答案：1～5GECAD

Ⅲ.完形填空

Nowadays，it’s not easy being a teenager，nor is it easy being a parent.Parents are __1__advice for their children on what to learn，but when it comes to __2__ to live，as a matter of fact，they often have __3__to say.As a result，children may grow up with good manners and much __4__，but without any idea how to __5__ their life.Here are some basics to help.

Firstly，build proper relationships.“No man is an island.”So __6__ with friends will have a sense of belonging and not __7__from loneliness，whose ill effects have been __8__ among the elderly.If the young are surrounded by friends and relatives，they are more __9__ to recover from their illnesses.

Then，try to be honest.Children must be taught to stay honest.It takes courage and training to be honest when people are getting away with cheating and __10__ all around.

Be __11__ of money.Explain to children that credit cards must be used __12__and that when buying something using a credit card，they can easily end up paying two or three times more than in cash.Suppose your child __13__ a new bicycle that costs $150.__14__ paying the cash，give him some __15__ pocket money.And by putting aside $15 each week，he will be able to buy it for himself in only ten weeks.

Another thing to keep in mind is to expect a lot from your child，but not everything，which is also __16__．So give your child space to __17__．If your child is __18__ to discuss something，don’t force him to do that.Instead，let him __19__ to solve things by himself.At the same time，__20__ him that you’re always there for him if he seeks advice or help.

【文章大意】如今，当父母不容易，特别是讲到“如何生活”这个话题时，父母们似乎也很难讲清楚，本文给父母提出了一些建议。

1．A.full of B．short of

C．proud of D．afraid of

解析：选A。在学习方面，父母们对孩子有一箩筐的建议。full of“充满”，表示很多；short of“短缺”；proud of“对……感到骄傲”；afraid of“对……害怕”。根据语境可知应选A。

2．A.why B．whether

C．where D．how

解析：选D。事实上，当提到“如何(how)生活”这个话题时，父母们几乎不知道该说什么。

3．A.much B．little

C．enough D．everything

解析：选B。参见上题解析。little表示“很少的”，符合语境。

4．A.knowledge B．energy

C．money D．humor

解析：选A。结果，孩子们懂礼貌，知识丰富(much knowledge)，却不知道怎么控制(manage)自己的生活。

5．A.save B．imagine

C．manage D．earn

解析：选C。参见上题解析。save“拯救”；imagine“想象”；manage“控制”；earn“赚得”。根据语境可知答案为C。

6．A.adults B．parents

C．teachers D．teenagers

解析：选D。所以有朋友的青少年会有一种归属感不会感到孤独。根据语境可知，这里谈论的对象是青少年(teenagers)。

7．A.die B．suffer

C．learn D．benefit

解析：选B。参见上题解析。die from“死于”；suffer from“遭受”；learn from“向……学习”；benefit from“从……受益”。根据语境可知答案为B。

8．A.observed B．replaced

C．ignored D．shared

解析：选A。孤独感的副作用可以从老年人身上观察(observed)到。replace“代替”；ignore“忽略”；share“分享”。根据语境可知答案为A。

9．A.difficult B．content

C．likely D．confident

解析：选C。如果年轻人被亲友包围，他们就更有可能(likely)从疾病中恢复过来。difficult“困难的”；content“满意的”；confident“自信的”。

10．A.guaranteeing B．apologizing

C．promising D．lying

解析：选D。当人们作弊和说谎(lying)却未受到惩罚时，更需要勇气和锻炼来保持诚实的品质。此处用lying和前面的cheating并列。guarantee“保证”；apologize“道歉”；promise“允诺”。

11．A.aware B．short

C．generous D．careful

解析：选D。花钱需谨慎。careful“小心的，谨慎的”，符合语境。aware“意识到的”；short“短缺的”；generous“慷慨的”。

12．A.responsibly B．patiently

C．frequently D．immediately

解析：选A。向孩子们解释，必须负责地(responsibly)使用信用卡，否则他们会轻易地刷卡消费。patiently“耐心地”；frequently“频繁地”；immediately“立刻”。根据语境可知答案为A。

13．A.loses B．wants

C．repairs D．steals

解析：选B。假设你的孩子想要(wants)一辆新自行车。

14．A.In favour of B．In spite of

C．Rather than D．In return for

解析：选C。定期给他一些零花钱，而不是(Rather than)用现金全额付款。in favour of“支持，赞成”；in spite of“尽管，不管”；in return for“作为……的回报”。根据语境可知答案为C。

15．A.necessary B．extra

C．regular D．spare

解析：选C。参见上题解析。regular“有规律的”，符合语境。necessary“必须的”；

extra“多余的”；spare“空余的”。

16．A.important B．strange

C．obvious D．troublesome

解析：选A。另外一点需要铭记的是，要对孩子很多期待，但同样重要的(important)是，不能对每件事都饱含期望。strange“奇怪的”；obvious“明显的”；troublesome“麻烦的”。根据语境可知选A项。

17．A.relax B．work

C．play D．grow

解析：选D。给孩子成长(grow)的空间。

18．A.satisfied B．unwilling

C．ready D．frightened

解析：选B。如果孩子不愿意(unwilling)谈论某件事，那么不要勉强他。satisfied“满意的”；ready“准备好的”；frightened“害怕的”。根据语境可知答案为B。

19．A.volunteer B．refuse

C．attempt D．afford

解析：选C。让他们自己尝试(attempt)去解决问题。volunteer“自愿做”；refuse“拒绝”；afford“买得起”。根据语境可知答案为C。

20．A.remind B．encourage

C．inform D．warn

解析：选A。同时提醒(remind)他，如果他需要建议或帮助，你随时都在身边。encourage“鼓励”；inform“通知”；warn“警告”。根据语境可知答案为A。

Ⅳ.语法填空

Mary：Our guest today is Chef Michael Wilson.Thanks again for 1.________ (join) us，Mr.Wilson.

Mike：Oh，it’s my 2.________ (please)．And please，call me Mike.

Mary：OK，Mike，you 3.________ (cook) since you were a kid，and you’ve been a professional chef for over twenty years.What is it about cooking that you love so much?

Mike：It’s the best way for people to communicate，in my opinion.You don’t need language，you don’t have to have 4.________ in common.All you need is to like to eat and drink，5.________ most people do.It’s easy to make new friends 6.________ you share a meal together.

Mary：So，what are some of the differences in the food of different countries?

Mike：Well，in the West，people eat a lot of bread，7.________ in Asia，rice and noodles are more common.Beef is very common in countries 8.________ the Unites States，but it’s not as popular in Northern Europe.To be honest，though，I prefer to think of ways in which food is similar around the world.For example，you can find barbecue almost everywhere，and most countries offer both spicy and mild dishes.

Mary：What do you think is 9.________ most important factor in cooking?

Mike：I think that fresh，local ingredients are the most important part of any type of cooking.10.________ (use) the best of what a particular place has to offer，rather than fancy sauces or expensive spices，usually results in the best dishes.

1．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据前面的介词for可知应该用动名词形式。

答案：joining

2．解析：考查名词。it’s one’s pleasure表示“我很乐意”，用于对于表示感谢的回答。

答案：pleasure

3．解析：考查时态。此处用现在完成进行时表示过去的某个动作一直持续到现在。

答案：have been cooking

4．解析：考查代词。have something in common表示“有共同特点”，因为前面有否定词，因此用anything。

答案：anything

5．解析：考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，代指前面整个句子的内容。

答案：which

6．解析：考查状语从句。when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。

答案：when

7．解析：考查连词。while此处为转折连词，意为“然而”，此处表示“在西方，人们吃大量的面包，然而在亚洲，米饭和面条更常见。”

答案：while

8．解析：考查介词。此处用like表示“像……”，此处表示“在像美国的一些国家里”。

答案：like

9．解析：考查冠词。此处the most修饰important是最高级。

答案：the

10．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知此处作主语，因此用动名词形式。

答案：Using

Ⅴ.课文语法填空

阅读下面课文缩写材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。

John Snow，a well-known doctor in London，became ______1______(inspire)when he thought about helping ordinary people who ______2______(expose) to cholera，a ______3______(dead)disease of his day.Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak ______4______ no one knew the cause of it.John wanted to help solve ______5______ problem.

He got interested in two theories ______6______ (explain) how cholera killed people.He believed in the second theory ______7______ suggested that people absorbed the disease with their meals.In 1854，______8______ another outbreak hit London，he was ready to test the two theories.______9______ the help of the map ______10______ made，he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was to blame.

答案：1.inspired 2.were exposed 3.deadly 4.because

5．the 6.explaining7.that8.when9.With10.he

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