2015届浙江省高考英语一轮复习训练必修三Unit4《Astronomythescienceofthestars》

Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars Ⅰ.单项填空

1．(2013·福州一中高三检测)Seeing the bad results of the exams, she was rather frustrated and felt ________ about her future.

A．surprising B．puzzling

C．puzzled D．surprised

答案：C句意为：看着这糟糕的考试成绩，她相当泄气，对未来感到迷惘。surprising令人吃惊的；puzzling令人迷惑的；puzzled迷惑的；迷惘的；surprised吃惊的。feel puzzled about对……感到迷惑/迷惘。

2．(2013·淄博模拟)________a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.

A. It existed

B. There existed

C. There had

D. It had

答案：B句意为：对于做这份工作的必要性，工人们存在一定的疑惑。There exists/existed...有；存在；相当于There be...结构。

3．(2013·江西龙南中学月考)Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's, but it cost ________ his.

A．as much twice as B．twice as much as

C．much as twice as D．as twice much as

答案：B句意：彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但是却是他的价钱的两倍。考查倍数句型“倍数＋as＋原级＋as...”。

4．(2013·石家庄质检)I admire Stephen Hawking greatly, whose ________ about black holes has a great effect on astronomy.

A．theory B．practice

C．way D．method

答案：A考查名词词义。句意：我非常钦佩史蒂芬·霍金，他的黑洞理论对天文学产生了很大的影响。theory“理论”；practice“练习”；way“方法”；method“方法”。

5．(2013·安徽皖北协作区高三联考)It's reported that women with demanding jobs are almost ________ to suffer a heart attack.

A．as likely twice B．likely twice as

C．twice as likely D．twice likely as

答案：C考查倍数表达法。本题考查的是“主语＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj.或ad v.的原级(＋as＋比较对象)”。根据语意可知，此处表示“患心脏病的几率几乎是(常人的)两倍”，所以用“twice as likely”。

6．(2013·江西八校联考)—I am dead tired. I can't walk farther, Tom.

—________，John. You can do it.

A．So what B．Congratulations

C．Cheer up D．Go ahead

答案：C考查交际用语。so what“那又怎样”；congratulations“祝贺；恭喜”；cheer up“振奋起来；加油”；go ahead“说吧；干吧”。

7．(2013·重庆南开中学高三质检)The transformation of our city will make ________ for people here to have a comfortable environment.

A．no possibility B．there was possibility

C．impossible D．it possible

答案：D句意：城市改造将使得这里的人们有一个舒适的环境。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为句后的不定式的复合结构。

8．(2013·福州高三质检)The festival of this year has been a great

success, ________ the year before when it rained non-stop.

A．like B．unlike

C．alike D．dislike

答案：B句意：今年这个节日过得很成功，不像前年过节时，雨下个不停。根据题干，此处需用介词，故排除C、D项。根据题干，此处需用介词，故排除C、D项。unlike意为“不同；不像”，符合题意。like“相像的；类似的”。

9．(2013·东北育才中学高三质检)The actor said ________ he'd accept the role in the play depended on the plot of it.

A．if B．whether

C．that D．where

答案：B由depended on the plot of it可知，此处应为“是否”之意，应用if或whether，而主语从句置于句首时只能用whether。

10．(2013·江西九江一中月考)When the fire ________，many people were shopping in the supermarket.

A．broke out B．put out

C．came out D．got out

答案：A考查动词短语意义。句意：当火灾发生时，很多人正在超市里购物。break out“战争、火灾、疾病的突然发生”；put out“熄灭；扑灭”；come out“出现；露出；长出”；get out“泄露；被人知道”。

11．(2013·阜阳高三质检)While crossing the street, please ________ for the coming cars.

A．watch out B．take care

C．watch over D．be careful

答案：A句意：过马路时，要留心来往的车辆。watch out“注

意，当心”，与介词for连用；take care与be careful后面多与不定式连用。watch over“照看”，为及物动词短语。

12．(2013·青岛高三质检)With the weather becoming hotter and hotter, we need curtains to ________ the sunshine.

A．block up B．block out

C．break out D．break up

答案：B句意：随着天气变得越来越热，我们需要窗帘来挡住阳光。block up“塞住”；block out“挡住(光线)”；break out“战争、火灾、疾病的突然发生”；break up“解散；分手”。

13．(2013·潍坊高三质检)People hope that measures will be taken to ________ house prices rising.

A．keep B．prevent

C．protect D．support

答案：B考查动词词义。句意：人们希望采取措施阻止房价上升。prevent...(from)．..“阻止……干……”，与句意相符。keep...from...“阻止……干……”，介词from不能省。

14．(2013·南宁高三质检)Why not change your mind ______ you have found that there is something wrong with your plan?

A．since then B．now that

C．only if D．so long

答案：B句意：既然你发现了你的计划有问题，为什么不改变主意呢？now that“既然”，引导原因状语从句。

15．(2013·海南琼海模拟)________ the universe began with the “big bang” has been widely accepted.

A．Whether B．Why

C．That D．What

答案：C句意：宇宙开始于“大爆炸”已被广泛接受。从句中意义完整，只需要引导词，故选that来引导主语从句。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

(2013·乌鲁木齐高三三诊)

Alaskan black bears hibernate for up to seven months a year, during which time they do not eat or drink, before waking up in virtually the same physical state they fell asleep in.

Now experts hope to develop methods of putting humans into a similar state which could help astronauts survive long missions and lead to new ways of treating severely ill patients.

While many studies have examined hibernation in mice and hedgehogs, little research has been done into the same condition in larger mammals such as bears.

But new research conducted at the Institute of Arctic Biology at the University of Alaska monitored the animals' body temperature, heart rate and muscle movements while they slept.

The research results showed that during a five-month hibernation the bears' body temperatures varied between 30℃ and 36℃ in cycles that lasted between two and seven days—a pattern that was previously unknown in hibernating animals.

The research project leader said，“If our research could help by showing how to reduce metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and oxygen demands in human tissues, one could possibly save severely ill patients. We simply need to know how to turn things on and off to take advantage of the different levels of hibernations.”

Craig Heller, of Stanford University, who contributed to the study, added, “There has always been a thought that, if there is ever

long-distance space travel, it would be good to be able to put people into a state of lower metabolism or a state of hibernation. That's almost science fiction but you can see the logical basis.”

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了专家希望将阿拉斯加黑熊冬眠的方法运用到人类身上来帮助宇航员延长在太空的使命以及治疗重症病人。

1．We know from the text that ________.

A．during winter Alaskan black bears sleep for more than half a year

B．researchers have examined hibernation in humans

C．experts have got no results from their research

D．Craig Heller is a leader from the Institute of Arctic Biology

答案：A推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“Alaskan black bears hiber nate for up to seven months a year”可知，应选A。

2．The best topic of the text should be ________.

A．The Latest Research Results

B．New Methods of Putting Humans into Hibernation

C．Alaskan Black Bears Hibernate

D．Astronauts Could Hibernate Like Bears

答案：D主旨大意题。本文主要介绍专家希望将阿拉斯加黑熊冬眠的方法运用到人类身上，来帮助宇航员延长在太空的使命以及治疗重症病人。故选D。

3．According to the text, we can infer that ________.

A．many studies have examined hibernation in mice and bears as well

B．humans' body temperatures vary between 30℃ and 36℃ while

they sleep

C．research into hibernation in animals may help deadly patients stay longer

D．scientists have already taken advantage of the different levels of hibernation space missions

答案：C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“... lead to new ways of treating severely ill patients.”可推知，应选C。

B

(2013·苏锡常镇四市二调)

Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But they can also cause a lot of problems, sending you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.

Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm, Sweden. The center studies human-computer interaction, or HCI, especially communications involving wireless devices. We spoke to Mr Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay.

Barry Brown：“And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.” And, then it wasn't until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they had put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the_GPS_is_kind_of_“garbage_in_garbage_out”．

Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment.

Barry Brown：“One problem with many GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong place.”

Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people's cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.”

Barry Brown: “One of the things that struck us, perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you're doing when you use a GPS. There are these new skills that people have developed. There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.”

Barry Brown says this goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational (导航) skills.

“The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS” lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.

Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work

together.

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。GPS全球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会带来许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。

4．What is the best title for this passage?

A．Is GPS system reliable to use?

B．What is the use of GPS?

C．How to make the most of GPS?

D．Blame! GPS or Passengers?

答案：A标题概括题。文章第一段是全文的主旨段。根据第一段可知，GPS全球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会导致许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。所以A项最适合做文章的标题，故答案选A。

5．What is the implication of the underlined part?

A．GPS is just a garbage device.

B．GPS will not correct human errors.

C．GPS adjusts your wrong destination.

D．GPS is just as smart as human beings.

答案：B句意理解题。根据划线句子后面一句“Mr Brown says this is a common human error.”并结合上下文可知，划线句子所包含的意思是：GPS不能纠正人类的错误。故答案选B。

6．Which is NOT mentioned as a GPS shortcoming in the passage?

A．Small screen.

B．Timing of commands.

C．Outdated maps.

D．Dear cameras GPS uses.

答案：D细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句可知，A项是GPS 的缺点；根据文章倒数第二段可知，B、C两项均是GPS的缺点。所以只有D项不是GPS的缺点。故答案选D。

7．According to the passage, people commonly believe that ________.

A．you have to know where to go when using GPS

B．you need to have new competencies to use GPS well

C．GPS is proper for drivers with little sense of direction

D．GPS is fit for people having good understanding of maps

答案：C推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们普遍认为，GPS全球定位系统适合方向感差的人。C项符合文意，故答案选C。

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词汇表 A a (an) art. ability n. 能力;能耐(构成名词)表示"能力","可能性"( able a. 能...的","可以...的能,可,会aboard prep. & ad. 在船(或飞机,车)上;上船(或飞机,车) about ad. & prep. 关于,对于 go about - 着手干;做 above prep., a. & ad. 在...上面 above all - 首先;尤其是;最重要的是 abroad ad. 在国外;到国外 be all abroad - 糊里糊涂 absent a. 缺席的,不在场的 absent from - 自...缺席 absolutely ad. 绝对地,完全地 absorb v. 吸收(液体,气体,光,声等) accept v. 接受,领受;答应,同意 access n. 接近,进入;接近的机会,进入的权利;使用accident n. 事故;灾祸 by accident - 偶然 account n. & v. 帐,帐目,帐单 on account - 作为部分付款 ache v. & n. (持续性地)疼痛 achieve v. 完成,实现 achievement n. 达成;完成 acknowledge v. 承认 across prep. 横越,穿过 act n. & v. 扮演 action n. 行动;行为;活动 in action - 在积极活动中 active a. 活跃的;活泼的 activity n. 活动;活动力 actor/actress n. 男演员/女演员 actual a. 实际的,事实上的 adapt v. 使适应,使适合 adapt to - 使自己适应于 add v. 添加;增加 addition n. 加,附加 in addition - 另外 address n. 住址,地址 admire v. 钦佩;欣赏admit v. 承认 admit to - 承认 adopt v. 采取;采纳;吸收 adult n. & a. 成年的;成年人的 advance v. & n. 使向前移动;推进,促进 in advance - 在前面 advantage n. 有利条件,优点,优势 to advantage - 有利地;有效果地 adventure n. 冒险,冒险精神 advertise v. 为...做广告;为...宣传advertisement (ad) n. 广告 advice n. 劝告,忠告 advise v劝告,忠告 affair n. 事情,事,事件 affect v. 假装,装作, 影响;对...发生作用 afford v. (常与can , could , be able to 连用)买得起;有足够的...(去做...) afraid a. 害怕的,怕的 afraid to - 不敢(做) Africa n. 非洲 African a. & n. 非洲的,非洲人的; 非洲人 after ad., prep. & conj. 在...以后 afternoon n. 下午 afterward(s) ad. 之后,以后,后来 again ad. 再,再一次 over again - 重新 against prep. 反对;违反 up against - 面临...的 age n. 年龄集合数量 agency n. 代办处,经销处,代理机构 agent n. 代理人;代理商;仲介人 aggressive a. 侵略的,侵犯的 ago ad. 在...以前 agree v. 意见一致 agree to - 同意;接受 agreement n. 同意,一致 in agreement with - 同...一致 agriculture n. 农业,农耕 ahead ad. 在前;向前 go ahead - 先走 aid n. 帮助,救助,支援 aim n. & v. 把...瞄准;把...对准掷向 air n. 空气;大气 aircraft n. 航空器;飞机,飞艇 airline n. (飞机的)航线 airport n. 机场;航空站

2018年高考英语3500高考词汇

2018年高考英语词汇解析 A 1.●abandon v.放弃，遗弃，抛弃 abandon the baby/ child/ friend abandon the plan/ idea/ effort/ hope abandon oneself to 陷入，沉湎于 He abandoned himself to despair. 2.◎ability n. 能力；才能 the ability to walk 行走的能力 to the best of one’s abi lity 竭尽全力 He completed the job to the best of his ability. 3.●abnormal adj.不正常的，畸形的，反常的 They thought his behavior was abnormal. 反义词：normal 4. ◎aboard prep. adv.在船（飞机，火车）上，上船(飞机，轮船) all the people aboard 机上的人 5. about prep关于，ad 大约，到处 a) be abo ut to do sth…(when) I was about to go out when it began to rain. b) look about/around/round c) How/What about…询问情况或建议 6 . above prep在…上面above all 首先;尤其 7. abroad ad.到(在)国外 a) go /study /live abroad b) at home and abroad在国内外 8. ●absence n. 不在，缺席 absence from work/ school The decision was made in my absence. in the absence of 在缺少…条件下 The case was dismissed in the absence of proof. 9. ◎absent adj. 缺席的，不在的 be absent from absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的 10. ◎absorb vt. 1) 吸收，吸进（液体，气体等）2) 理解，掌握 absorb ink/ water/ neat/ light/ oxygen/ sound/ energy absorb information/ knowledge be absorbed in专注于，聚精会神于… 11.●abuse v / n. 滥用，谩骂 abuse alcohol/ drugs 酗酒/嗜毒 abuse power/ position/ privilege 滥用权力/职权/特权 12. accept vt. accept the gift /invitation /plan accept sb/sth as… 13.●access n.方法，通路，机会 The only access to the farm was a narrow bridge.